THE ROLE OF WOMAN IN NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE’S NOVEL THE SCARLET LETTER AND WILLIAM FAULKNER’S NOVEL AS I LAY DYING

Author :  

Year-Number: 2019-XLIII
Language : İngilizce
Konu : İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı
Number of pages: 1787-1809
Mendeley EndNote Alıntı Yap

Abstract

In this study the most significant females characters in Nathiel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter and William Faulkner’s novel As I Lay Dying are analyzed in terms of the roles in the society. The study is composed through literature review. In both of these novels, the female characters, Hester and Addie have illegitimate children. Even the thoughts of the women on them is that they have committed sin and they should confess and pray God for salvation. While Hawthorne’s character, Hester is so brave to confess her sin, Faulkner’s character, Addie doesn’t confess her sin. After she dies, the sin is explained through other characters’ thoughts, dialogues and inner monologues of her on past. When these two females are dealt with on moral roles given them, they are seen as the women who do not obey the role that women should be faithful to their husband. In both novels, it is explained that women have responsibilities towards their husbands and children. They mustn’t act against the roles given by the society. In addition, Hester and Addie are the women who exemplify women who are the defiants to the roles of genders and careless about them. To conclude, in both The Scarlet Letter and As I Lay Dying the roles of woman are emphasized.

Keywords

Abstract

In this study the most significant females characters in Nathiel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter and William Faulkner’s novel As I Lay Dying are analyzed in terms of the roles in the society. The study is composed through literature review. In both of these novels, the female characters, Hester and Addie have illegitimate children. Even the thoughts of the women on them is that they have committed sin and they should confess and pray God for salvation. While Hawthorne’s character, Hester is so brave to confess her sin, Faulkner’s character, Addie doesn’t confess her sin. After she dies, the sin is explained through other characters’ thoughts, dialogues and inner monologues of her on past. When these two females are dealt with on moral roles given them, they are seen as the women who do not obey the role that women should be faithful to their husband. In both novels, it is explained that women have responsibilities towards their husbands and children. They mustn’t act against the roles given by the society. In addition, Hester and Addie are the women who exemplify women who are the defiants to the roles of genders and careless about them. To conclude, in both The Scarlet Letter and As I Lay Dying the roles of woman are emphasized.

Keywords


  • Boudreau, E. R. (2012). Empty Images and Holy Relics Photographis Complications in As I Lay Dying and Let Us Now Praise Famous Men. BA Thesis, University of Michigan, USA.

  • Brillant, J. A. (1989). The Modern Day Scarlet Letter: A Critical Anaylsis of Modern Probation Conditions. Duke Law Journal, 1357-85.

  • Clarke, D. (1994). Robbing the Mother: Women in Faulkner, Jackson: University Press of Mississipi.

  • Eeckman, S. (2008). Women in the Scarlet Letter. BA Thesis, Ghent University, Belgium.

  • Faulkner, W. (1946). The Sound and the Fury & As I Lay Dying, New York: Modern Library.

  • Goto, K. (2011). Reading William Faulkner’s as I Lay Dying as a Poverty Narrative. The Japanese Journal of American Studies, 22, 109-124.

  • Hauksdottir, G. (2017). Fish as a Common Denominator? Symbolism in As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner. BA Thesis, University of Iceland, Iceland.

  • Kilborne, B. (2005). Shame Conflicts and Tragedy in the Scarlet Letter. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 53(2), 465-483. Doi: 10.1177/00030651050530021601.

  • Littlefield, D. & Sara, R. (2014). The Scarlet Letter: A Critical Review. Architecture and Culture, 2(3), 1-4. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2752/ 205078214X14107818390757

  • Mahini, R. N.T. (Noor) & Barth, E. (2018). The Scarlet Letter: Embroidering Transcendentalism and Anti-transcendentalism Thread for an Early American World. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 9(3), 474-479. Doi: 10.17507/jltr.0903.04.

  • Malin, I. (1957). William Faulkner: An Interpretation, Standford: Standford University Press.

  • Massey, K. R. (2003). Shattering the Empty Vessel: Absence and Language in Addie’s Chapter of Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying. Master Thesis, North Caroline State University, USA.

  • Mohammed, A. B. & Yahya, S. H. (2017). Symbolism in the Scarlet Letter. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 22(4), 26-34.

  • Mohammed, A. B., Yahya, S. & Salam, H. (2018). The Inner Conflicts in the Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The Scientific Journal of Cihan University- Sulaimanyia, 2(2), 54-63. Doi: 10.25098/2.2.29.

  • Mohammad, K. K. (2012). Stream of Consciousness in William Faulkner’s as I Lay Dying. Tikrit University Journal for Humanities, 19(6), 1-19.

  • Noriega S. & M. R. (1998). A Bakhtinian Reading of William Faulkner’s as I Lay Dying. Revista de Estudios Norteamerirnnos, 6, 51-67.

  • Petersen, M. C. (2015). Addie’s Paradoxical Narrative: Motherhood, Body and Language in Faulkner’s as I Lay Dying. Curitiba, 3(4), 218-231.

  • Qiang, Z. (2016). Addie’s Inner Torment and Struggle in William Faulkner’s as I Lay Dying. International Journal of English Language and Literature Studies, 5(2), 128-134.

  • Qin, D. (2010). Pearl in Hawthorne’s Romance the Scarlet Letter. Journal of Cambridge Studies, 5(2-3), 32-41. Doi: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM. 1354.

  • Rahal, H. (2013). Symbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter. Master Thesis, Kasdi Merbah University-Ouargla, Algeria.

  • Sandeen, E. (1962). The Scarlet Letter as a Love Story. PMLA, 77(4), 425-435. Doi: 10.2307/460567.

  • Thomas, B. (2001). The Scarlet Letter as Civic Myth. American Literary History, 13(2), 181-211. https://www.jsor.org/stable/3054601 (Erişim Tarihi 20.09.2019).

  • Urgo, J. R. (1988). William Faulkner and the Drama of Meaning: The Discovery of the Figurative in “As I Lay Dying”. South Atlantic Review, 53(2), 11-23. Doi: 10.2307/3199910.

  • Ürkmez, H. (2013). Kızıl Damga ve Cengiz Han’a Küsen Bulut’ta Yasak Aşk. TÜRÜK Dil, Edebiyat ve Halkbilimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2, 112-126.

  • Zheng, D. (2017). An Analysis of Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 142, 378-381. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2991/icelaic-17.2017.84

  • "As I Lay Dying (novel)." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 7 Apr 2009, 16:52 UTC. 13 Apr 2009, http://en.wikipedia.org/index.php?title= As_I_ Lay_Dying_(novel)&oldid=282373257.

  • "Nathaniel Hawthorne." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 15 Apr 2009, 14:45 UTC. 16 Apr 2009, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nathaniel_ Hawthorne&oldid=284003100.

  • “Nathanial Hawthorne.” http://mahoneyenglish.weebly.com. (Erişim Tarihi: 25.07.2019).

  • "Puritan." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 17 Mar 2009, 15:30 UTC. 16 Apr 2009 http://en.wikipedia.org/index.php?title=Puritan&oldid.

  • "The Scarlet Letter." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 12 Apr 2009, 23:53 UTC. 16 Apr 2009 http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_ Scarlet_Letter&oldid=283456654.

  • "William Faulkner." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 9 Apr 2009, 12:49 UTC. 13 Apr 2009 http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_ Faulkner.

  • womenhistory.blogspot.com/2007/10/links-puritan-women.html. (Erişim tarihi 12.04.2009)

                                                                                                                                                                                                        
  • Article Statistics