INVESTIGATION OF THE LEADERSHIP LEVELS OF STUDENTS OF THE SPORT SCIENCE WHO DOING ACTIVE SPORTS AND NON ACTIVE SPORTS ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT VARIABLES: THE CASE OF ISPARTA
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Abstract
Bu çalışmada Süleyman Demirel üniversitesinde aktif spor yapan ve aktif spor yapmayan spor bilimleri öğrencilerin liderlik yönelimlerinin farklı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın verileri 12 Kasım-24 Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında toplanmıştır. Araştırmaya Isparta’da 73 kadın ve 104 erkek olmak üzere 177 öğrenci katılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Bolman ve Deal (1990) tarafından geliştirilen, Dereli (2003) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan Liderlik Yönelimleri Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin normal dağılımı sebebiyle parametrik testler kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler incelendiğinde ölçeğin dönüşümsel liderlik, karizmatik liderlik alt boyutları ile cinsiyete göre anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu görülmüştür. Spor yapma ve spor branşına göre dönüşümcü liderlik ve karizmatik liderlikte anlamlı bir fark olduğu gözlenmiştir. Ancak liderlik ölçeğinin alt boyutları ile ikamet edilen yer ve yaş değişkenlerine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Ancak köylerde yaşayanların liderlik düzeyinin şehirde yaşayanlardan daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca Üniversitede spor yapan öğrencilerin orta düzeyin üstünde liderlik eğilimleri gösterdikleri ve kabul edilen bir düzeyde oldukları sonucuna varılmıştır.
Keywords
Abstract
In this study, it is aimed to investigate the leadership orientation of students of sports science who do active sports and do not do active sports at Suleyman Demirel university according to different variables. The data of the study were collected between November 12 and December 24, 2019. This research participated in 177 students, 73 females, and 104 males. As the data collection tool; It was used The Leadership Orientations Scale developed by Bolman and Deal (1990) and adapted to Turkish by Dereli (2003). Parametric tests were used due to the normal distribution of the data. When the data obtained were examined, it is seen that the scale had significant differences in terms of transformational leadership, charismatic leadership sub-dimensions, and gender. It was observed a significant difference in transformational leadership and charismatic leadership according to active doing sports and sports branch. Moreover, it was observed that there was no statistically significant difference in terms of the sub-dimensions of the leadership scale and place of residence and age variables. However, it was determined that the level of leadership of the people living in the villages is higher than those living In this study, it is aimed to investigate the leadership orientation of students who do sports and do not do sports at university according to different variables. This study participated 177 students, 73 male and 104 female. As the data collection tool; It was used The Leadership Orientations Scale developed by Bolman and Deal (1990) and adapted to Turkish by Dereli (2003). Parametric tests were used due to normal distribution of the datas. When the data obtained were examined, it seen that the scale had significant differences in terms of transformational leadership, charismatic leadership sub-dimensions and gender. It was observed a significant difference in transformational leadership and charismatic leadership according to doing sports and sports branch. Moreover, it was observed that there was no statistically significant difference in terms of the sub-dimensions of the leadership scale and place of residence and age variables. Howover it was determined that the level of leadership of the people living in the villages is higher than those living in the city. In addition, it was concluded that the students doing sports at the university show above of medium level leadership tendency and are at a well-accepted level.
Keywords
- The leader is the person who has made the potential forces of the people in the team or organization he leads, suitable for the organization, and can actively use these forces (Eren, 2013). Leadership is the art of getting the job done by leaving them around (Darbaz, 2004). According to Ertürk (1998), leadership is the process of influencing those who are together in the light of common goals to fulfill these goals. According to Eren (2012), leadership is the sum of the ability and ingenuity to unite a group of people in line with the determined goals and to mobilize that ready group for these goals. Leadership is an extremely important, universal, human, and social phenomenon, which is at stake in any environment where human communities and organizations are present. Comprehensive research, reviews, and similar studies on leaders and leadership are concrete indicators of the importance attached to the subject. The definitions of the authors who define the leadership are also very diverse depending on the world view, the field they work in, their knowledge, and the feature they want to emphasize. In fact, since leadership, or leadership, is a semantically (semantically) abstract concept, there are as many leadership/leadership definitions as the number of people and it differs According to conditions, time, and situations (Biçer, 2008). In another definition, leadership is important in almost all areas, but this is more important in the sports environment. Sports organizations are different from other environments. Here, the leader takes an active role in influencing the group to pre-determined goals. Leaders engage in long-term relationships with athletes and share many emotions such as success, magnificence, sadness, frustration, pain, joy with athletes and create a special climate atmosphere in the team (Koruç, 1995). Leadership is related to the concept of power. In general terms, power is defined as the ability to influence and direct others (Karkın, 2004), while leadership is defined as influencing and directing the activities of others to achieve specific personal and group goals under certain conditions (Koçel, 2001).
- Leadership occurs through the interaction of people, is the process of influencing others, and is used to direct the group to specified goals. Leadership is the ability to influence others to achieve predetermined goals (Daft, 1997). People admire their personalities as if the leader has unusual characteristics (Brooks, 2006). Another definition; “It is the person who expresses the common thoughts and desires that can be felt by the leader group members but has not been clarified in the form of a goal that can be adopted and activates the potential powers of the group members (Eren, 2016).
- As seen in the definitions, influencing is important in leadership. Also, leadership refers to the process of influencing the group towards achieving its goals, while the leader refers to the person who can influence people and have managerial authority in this process. Leadership, the leader of the ability to persuade people towards specific goals, is also the person who brings together the group members and motivates them for group goals. As a result, the strength of leadership is proportional to the acceptance seen by the managed group. In this acceptance; The belief that the leader will be effective in meeting the needs of the group plays an important role. One of the main functions of the leader is to be able to solve this conflict positively when its needs and the group's needs conflict (Özdemir, 2003). METHOD
- The research is a study in the survey model. Survey models are research approaches aiming to describe a situation that exists in the past or still as it exists. Also, since the differences in terms of gender, age, place of residence, high school, sports, and sports branch are examined in terms of the specified variables, it features the comparative relational survey model (Karasar, 2012).
- The fact that the results obtained in the scientific studies contribute to the studies to be carried out is an important clue that reveals the quality of that study. The results achieved through these tips provide access to holistic information about any field (Karasar, 2016).
- The concept defined as the community in which the research results are interpreted is called the universe (Büyüköztürk et al., 2012). In this context, the universe of the research is students who study at Süleyman Demirel University. The group that takes place in the universe and is researched and generalized to the universe is called the sample (Büyüköztürk, 2017). The data of the study were collected between November 12 and December 24, 2019. The sample of the study consists of 177 students determined by using the "Simple random sampling" method among the students who do and do not do sports at Süleyman Demirel University. Explanatory information according to the variables of gender, age, place of residence, active doing sports, and sports branch of the students participating in the research are given in the tables below.
- The collected data were analyzed with SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) Version 25. Firstly, the normality of distribution was checked to determine the statistical tests to be run. The Kurtosis values for both of the scale and their sub-dimensions were found to be varying between +2 and -1 while their Skewness values were found to be varying between +1 and -1. According to Huck (2008), these values showed that the data collected in the current study were within the borders of normal distribution (as cited in Secer, 2015). Thus, in the analysis of the collected data, frequencies, percentages, independent samples ttest, and one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) were used. FINDINGS
- centers was found to be lower (Çetinkaya and İmamoğlu, 2018). When the
- and the total of the scale. Tiryaki (1996) determined that those who do sports in
- In a study by Ming-Feng Kao (2003), team unity and leadership behaviors in team sports and individual sports were compared and significant differences emerged. In a different study conducted by Dorak and Vurgun (2006), it was found that there was a significant relationship between the empathy levels of team athletes and team association levels, and as the empathy levels of athletes increased, the level of team association increased.
- In the research conducted by Lindauer (2000), it was stated that the democratic behavior and positive feedback behavior scores preferred by the athletes who are interested in individual sports in their coaches are higher than the athletes doing team sports.
- It is thought that it is necessary to increase the participation of sports educated students in artistic activities in increasing their leadership qualities. A new leadership scale can be developed based on similar research in the field. The relationship between athletes and coaches can be examined in terms of leadership characteristics. It is recommended to include more information that can increase leadership orientation in the given sports training. Studies similar to our study can be done for larger sample groups. Thus, more comprehensive findings regarding leadership orientations can be reached. In the lessons on the concept of leadership, discussions can be provided based on videos, reading texts, and experiences to expand the trainers' perspectives on the situations that will be used by leadership orientations. When the current literature and the results of this research are examined for later studies, it may be suggested to conduct new researches with different methodologies and samples on the subject. REFERENCES Aygün, M. (2018). The effect of emotional intelligence and leadership features
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