Advent of a new era that began with World War II in 1939 brought significant changes not only to the political and economic landscape of Turkey, but also the sphere of education. Culture policies in particular were characterized by a tendency to emphasize Western civilization and its resources. For the duration of the war, Turkish education followed a Humanist approach that affected also the historiography of the nation. The aim of the study is to investigate the continuity and changes occurred in the perceived Ottoman in secondary school history course books in the period from 1939 to 1945, put forth the historical point of view using first hand resources, and compare the prevailing approach of history to the pre-war approach of history. This study titled “an Overview of Ottoman History in the Secondary School History Course Books in the Period from 1939-1945” aims to determine how the secondary school history course book taught in the period subject to this study was affected by the political ideology of the period and how this effect reflected to the history course books of the period. In this study, the secondary school history course books of the period were examined by using document analysis technique, which is a qualitative research method. In this era, marked by the adoption of a Humanist approach, the Turkish History Thesis remained influential, although subtle criticisms of the Atatürk approach to history started to be heard, and the resulting historiography sought to integrate with the West without rejecting the thesis in question. In the secondary school history course books of the period, it was identified that how the Ottoman was viewed and perceived began to change in line with the historical approach of the period.