Author :
Abstract
Ruhsal bozuklukların yaygın hale gelmesi bu bozuklukların ülkelere büyük bir ekonomik yük oluşturmaktadır. Genel olarak ruhsal bozuklukların genetik unsurlardan kaynaklanmasının yanı sıra bireyin bulunduğu sosyoekonomik koşulların da önemli etkisi olduğuna dair literatür yaygınlaşmaya başlamaktadır. Dolayısıyla çalışmada ruh sağlığının sosyoekonomik belirleyicilerinin kanıtlarına ve sonuçlarına odaklanılmıştır. Çalışma konuyu üç bölümde ele almaktadır. Birinci bölümde; ruh sağlığına, ruhsal bozuklukların yaygınlığına ve ülkelere ekonomik yük oluşturduğuna dair küresel kanıtlar sunulmaktadır. İkinci bölümde; ruhsal bozuklukların, sosyoekonomik faktörler ile arasında bir ilişki olduğunu gösteren çalışmalardan kanıtlar sunulmaktadır. Üçüncü bölümde gerek teorik gerekse ampirik literatürden hareketle ruhsal bozukluklara etki edeceği hususunda model oluşturulması yoluna gidilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda uygun veri setine sahip seçilmiş 17 gelişmiş, 18 gelişmekte olan ve 16 az gelişmiş ülkeden oluşan toplam 51 ülkede, 1991–2019 dönemi için panel veri analizlerine gidilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, kişi başı GSYİH, gelir dağılımı eşitsizliği, işsizlik oranı, eğitim düzeyi ve siyasal göstergelerden oluşan sosyoekonomik belirleyiciler ile ruhsal bozukluklar arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Panel veri yaklaşımında serilerin ikinci nesil birim kök sınamaları sonucunda eş bütünleşme analizlerine gidilmiştir. Elde edilen ampirik bulgular, uzun dönemde Gini katsayısı, işsizlik oranı, kişi başı gelir, eğitim endeksi ve siyasal göstergelerin ruhsal bozuklukları etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Buna göre Gini katsayısı ve işsizlik oranındaki artışlar ruhsal bozuklukları arttırırken, kişi başı gelir, eğitim ve siyasal göstergelerdeki artışlar ise ruhsal bozuklukları azaltmaktadır. Bu bağlamda sosyoekonomik belirleyicilerin, ruhsal bozukluklar üzerinde önemli bir etkisi olduğu açık bir şekilde ortaya koyulurken, dünya genelinde ülkelerin istihdamı ve dolayısıyla gelir artışlarını önceleyen, gelir dağılımında adaleti sağlayan, eğitimde nitel ve nicel boyutlarda iyileşmeler sağlayan ve siyasal açıdan daha demokratik bir yaşam sunan politikalarının ruhsal bozuklukları azaltıcı etkiler yaratacağı söylenebilir.
Keywords
Abstract
The prevalence of mental disorders and these disorders create a great economic burden on countries. In general, the literature is beginning to spread that mental disorders are caused by genetic factors as well as the socioeconomic conditions of the individual. Therefore, the study focused on the evidence and consequences of socioeconomic determinants of mental health. The study deals with the subject in three parts. In the first part; Global evidence is presented on mental health, the prevalence of mental disorders and the economic burden on countries. In the second part; Evidence from studies showing a relationship between mental disorders and socioeconomic factors is presented. In the third chapter, based on both the theoretical and empirical literature, a model has been created that will affect mental disorders. In this direction, panel data analyzes were conducted for the period 1991-2019 in a total of 51 countries, consisting of 17 developed, 18 developing and 16 underdeveloped countries, selected with appropriate data sets. In this direction, the relationships between socioeconomic determinants consisting of GDP per capita, income distribution inequality, unemployment rate, education level and political indicators and mental disorders were examined. In the panel data approach, cointegration analyzes were carried out as a result of the second generation unit root tests of the series. The empirical findings revealed that the long-term Gini coefficient, unemployment rate, per capita income, education index and political indicators affect mental disorders. Accordingly, while increases in the Gini coefficient and unemployment rate increase mental disorders, increases in per capita income, education and political indicators decrease mental disorders. In this context, while it is clearly revealed that socioeconomic determinants have a significant impact on mental disorders, the policies that prioritize employment and therefore income increases, ensure justice in income distribution, provide qualitative and quantitative improvements in education, and offer a more democratic life politically, are clearly demonstrated. It can be said that it will create effects in reducing the disorders.
Keywords
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