Tarih Okulu Dergisi, Year 2020 Issue XLVII

The Torridness, Problems and Measures Taken in The Ottoman Empire (1876-1916)

Burak KOCAOĞLU — 2024-08-29

Quite valuable studies have been carried out on climate and weather events in the Ottoman State. However, most of the studies do not elaborate on the negative effects of extreme temperatures on people and everyday life. Based on this shortcoming, this study has focused on outlining the negative effects of extreme temperatures in the Ottoman State in the summer months between 1876 and 1916 in detail. In the introduction part of the study, the concept of climate is explained briefly with the Köppen climate classification, which is the most widely used climate classification in the Ottoman Empire's area of dominance. The negative effects of extreme temperatures on daily life and the measures taken in the conditions of the period are emphasized in the first part of the study. The problems experienced during the appointments of district governors in Çukurova and the Arabian Peninsula, where extreme temperatures prevailed in summer months, and the measures taken by the state to protect the health of officials, especially district governors, are outlined in the second part of the study. In the continuation of the study, the problems experienced by security forces, the group most affected by extreme temperatures, is discussed. Topics such as the selection of troops and police to be sent to hot countries, protection of their health and payment of salaries are examined in this section. The negative effects of extreme temperatures on the educational activities in a country and the measures taken by the state to protect the health of children and teachers involved in education are described in the last part of the study.

Problems Encountered On Anatolıan Carvan Routes And Route Safety (17th Century)

Emrah İSTEK — 2024-08-29

From the dominant states in Anatolia to the empires that used this geography as a transition to other regions, many dominant powers developed Anatolian roads over time. The road network, which was built from ancient times to the Seljuks, reached a good level in the security point with tens of caravanserais and inns built during the Anatolian Seljuks. The Ottoman Empire, on the other hand, has placed road safety and maintenance on a systematic basis, both through the mountain pass (derbend) and destination (menzil) organizations for non-stop trade and for cross-country logistics. Despite all these efforts and measures, caravans, where camels and other animals, which were the heavy transport vehicles of the period and the caravans reaching their numbers thousands were following difficult routes in fear of life and property, especially theft and looting on the roads. In addition to these problems, night trips, narrow passages, rough roads and seasonal problems were other dangers encountered in the trips.

A Research On The Evaluatıon Of Polıtıcal Leadershıp Factors In Terms Of Voters' Preference

Fatma OKUR ÇAKICI — 2024-08-29

Leadership is one of the most indispensable elements in politics. Political leaders become leaders not only of the party they are the leader of, but also of all citizens who support that party, even if the leader is in power. Leaders play an important role in the political scene. In order to become a leader, people need to have some features. In addition to his personal characteristics, charismatic, authoritarian, and democratic characteristics enable leaders to be perceived as good or bad by citizens. Practices that lead the leader to success or failure also emerge through these features. This research has been prepared based on the importance of leadership, which concerns not only those interested in politics, but also the whole society, and also the importance of voter preferences. The aim of the research is to evaluate the criteria that play a role in determining the choice of voters in the general elections held in our country, and especially considering the competitive conditions, the "leader factor" and the "personal characteristics", "charismatic", "democracy" and "authoritarianism" elements of the leader within this factor. It is the calculation and analysis of the significance by statistical methods. In this way, based on the Eastern Black Sea Region, it will be an important innovation to evaluate the current situation and to determine the techniques and methods to be applied in changes and innovations that need to be made when necessary. In order to reveal the importance of the leading factor in the election of the voter preference, a field study was conducted on the voters in the Eastern Black Sea Region. In the study, where random sampling technique was used, questionnaires were conducted with face-to-face interview method in the central districts of Trabzon, Gümüşhane, Bayburt, Rize, Artvin and Giresun provinces in the Eastern Black Sea Region. A questionnaire with 70 questions has been prepared considering the factors that are effective in determining voter behavior and especially the leader factor. The main theme of the research is the changes in voter preferences, the factors that caused these changes and the leading factor in this positioning, especially from the last general elections to this day. In the research, explanatory factor analysis was used for validity, chi-square analysis was used to see the relationship between variables, and regression analysis was used to see cause-effect relationships between variables.

Ottoman-Iran Relations According to the Iran Ahkâm Book (1823-1908)

Melike SARIKÇIOĞLUSüleyman Hilmi AKIN — 2024-08-29

Although the Ottoman-Iranian relations have undergone long-running struggles and chal- lenges, at the basis of this struggle lies the question of the sole leadership of the Islamic world. This first victory achieved by the Ottoman Empire with the Çaldiran War was accepted tiring battle for both sides had begun. After the 1823 Treaty of I.Erzurum, the Ottoman Empire and Iran, which adapted to the era, wanted to solve their problems through diplomatic contacts in the context of interstate law, but in this respect especially border conflicts were an obstacle in the resolution of disputes. It was also understood that the most important anticipation of the Iranian state from the Ottoman period in the subjects discussed in this period was the treatment of the Iranian visitors during the visit to the holy places, and the issue of consular deputies carrying out the business of Iranian business in commercial and public matters. As a matter of fact, the theses related to the subject were found in many places. The notebook classification that will be the source of our study was made under the A.DVN.DVE.d044 / 2 shirt number. It was defined as the Iranian Law of Book between 1823-1908

Artisans of the Ottoman Empire in the Registration of the Ahl-i Hiraf-i Hassa Dated 1801

Sakine AKCAN EKİCİ — 2024-08-29

Ahl-i Hiraf-i Hassa Organization, which we can call the art academy of the Ottoman Empire, had created unique products that survived in many fields such as book arts, jewelery, wood, weaving and mining arts. In the Ottoman Archive of the Prime Ministry, there are many salary registrations of this organization, which is created within the state. In these registrations, usually written in the form of siyaqat, it is possible to find the branches of art within the organization, names of the artisans working here, and some information about them. The oldest one of these registrations, by which we can follow the development process of the organization, is dated H. 932 / M. 1526 and was published by İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı. The last book we found as a result of archive researches constitutes the main subject of this study, and is dated H. 1216 / M. 1801. In this study, a general information about the Ahl-i Hiraf Organization was given and then the registration in question was transcribed and evaluated. In the registration kept at the beginning of the 19th century, there are 45 art branches producing for the palace in different fields and a total of 247 artisan names were determined.

The Process of Transition from Darülfünun To University in Turkey and The Developments in Higher Education After the University Law In 1933.

Sefa Salih AYDEMİR — 2024-08-29

The higher education system, which was designed with Nizamiye Madrasahs that were established for the first time in the history of the Great Seljuk State in the history of Islam, has been inherited by the Ottoman State institutionally through Anatolian Beyliks. As the madrasahs, which were given great importance since the foundation period and developed further over time, could not meet the needs of the time since the 19th century, the idea of establishing alternative higher education institutions emerged. Western education style trials that give importance to natural sciences, instead of the Madrasah system, which focuses on theology education over time, constitute the reason of foundation of Darülfünun. Darülfünun, which was closed, moved or underwent name change during various times, was transferred to the newly established Republic of Turkey after the Treaty of Lausanne. The government, which closed the madrasahs after the law on unification of education, did not make a radical change in Darülfünun until 1933. In 1933, with the law numbered 2252, it was aimed to establish a modern higher education system specific to Darülfünun. Until 1980, 19 universities were established in major cities in Turkey. The biggest quantitative breakthrough in Turkish higher education occurred in 2006 and no province remained in the country without a university. These universities, which increased rapidly in terms of the number of students and faculty diversity during these years, have gained an important place in the political agenda of the country with the governing and directing efforts of the political elites from time to time.

An Analysis of the Problems That Occured in Economic Policies Applied in the Ottoman Empire in the mid- XVIIIth Century: The Case of Adıyaman

Ömür YANARFaruk SÖYLEMEZ — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to contribute to the studies done in this field by criticising and analysing the problems which occured in the economic policies such as tımar and malikâne that were applied in Adıyaman in the mid- XVIIIth Century, and dealt with in many aspects in terms of both process and conditions and basic dynamics and strategies in Ottoman history studies. From this perspective, the study tries to answer questions such as what kind of problems were experienced in the application of these economic policies, what the source of these problems were and how the state found a solution against these problems. Maras Ahkâm Register(Book) Number I, which contains a copy of the provisions sent to Maras province and its affiliated units between 1742-1751 and thus has a rich content relating to the problem identified above, has been determined as the main source of this study. However, because it is not possible to analyze the provisions sent to all administrative units in a article, this study just focuses on the analysis of the provisions sent to administrative units such as Hisn-ı Mansur, Behisni, Kâhta, Gerger and Samsad, which constitute the borders of today's Adıyaman province. From the analyzes, it is seen that the problems emerged had different origins. Accordingly, the problems could result from tax-paying subjects (reaya) as well as sipahi (cavalryman) and taxman (mültezim) who were at the same time delegates of the state. In this regard, the problems emerged mostly in the collection of the taxes such as avarız depending on its specific procedures and principles of the collection. In the face of all the problems mentioned, the Ottoman Empire showed high effort for the implementation of the economic policies in order with its institutions and rules. İn this regard, it struggled to hold tax-paying subjects (reaya) as well as both sipahi (cavalryman) and taxman (mültezim) in their administrative and legal positions. As a result, this study argues that all these findings, which were determined based on Maras Ahkâm Register(Book) Number I, would contribute to the clarification of the points stated in the scope of purpose of the study.

Republican Romanticism in History Textbooks

Ersin TOPÇU — 2024-08-29

Romanticism is a powerful trend that emerged in Europe at the end of the 18th century and affected many fields such as architecture, art and literature, as well as the science of history. Unlike the positivist perspective, romanticism sees the past as the work of human will and confronts the mind with an emotional perspective. In the romantic conception of history, the national and religious elements are more important than universal elements. The past is reconstructed with a nationalist point of view, aiming to make at the rising generation love their homeland, nation, history and to raise national consciousness. In this study, in which qualitative methods are preferred, it is aimed to determine how and how much the romantic trend reflected in history textbooks taught in primary, secondary and high schools since the first years of the Republic. For this purpose, the data obtained from those that can be accessed within the history textbooks taught between 1923-2019 were analyzed by content analysis. When we look at the findings obtained from the research, it was seen that the most intense romantic effect was during the early republican period when the new state had to write a new history for the public to accept itself. However, we can say that the effect, which decreased rapidly after the death of Atatürk, still continues to a small extent.

The Metaphorical Perceptions of Prospective Teachers on Rumor and Gossip

Bünyamin HAN — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to reveal the perceptions of prospective teachers about rumors and gossip through metaphors. Although rumor and gossip are confused and used interchangeably, they are different concepts. Therefore, it is seen that the investigating the perceptions of people about rumor and gossip is very important in terms of literature. Metaphor technique has been preferred in presenting the perceptions of these concepts, because through metaphors, people embody abstract and ambiguous thoughts and perceptions in their minds by simulating something that is easier to understand. The research was conducted on the candidate teachers of the Faculty of Education at Dicle University in 2017-2018 academic year. The study group consisted of 141 volunteers from fourth grade students. The data were collected by using a semi-structured interview form. In the interview form, the participants were asked to liken rumors and gossips to anything they wanted such as animate/inanimate, abstract/concrete, positive/negative and to write the reason why they made this metaphor. The percentage and frequency of the data were calculated and the data were analyzed using the content analysis technique and the findings were presented under various themes. According to the research findings, participants perceived the rumor mostly as “rapid and widespread information”, “current and temporary information”. Besides, rumor as “source of uncertainty” is also emphasized. In this respect, it has been shown that the rumor has a more neutral meaning and its effects may be positive or negative. Gossip has been shown to have relatively more negative judgments. Gossip is perceived as “fun, tasteful and attractive”, but it is mostly perceived as “harmful information”.

A Qualitative Study on Implementation of Story Mapping Method Used with Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) Technique in Turkish Language Course

Ebru BOZPOLAT Mehmet Nuri GÖMLEKSİZ — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of story mapping method used with cooperative integrated reading and composition (CIRC) technique in Turkish Language course on students, to make observations about the treatment, to explore the views of teacher and students participated in application. With this qualitative study action research design was used. The research consisted of 5th grade students enrolled at Behrampaşa Primary School in 2011 - 2012 academic year in Sivas city. The study included 36 students who used story mapping method together with CIRC technique in Turkish Language course. Interview and observation forms developed by the researchers were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed by using the NVIVO 10 program. Seven themes related to the implementation of story mapping method used with CIRC technique were identified. These themes included: how to implement the story mapping method used with CIRC, requirements for implementation, the emotional situation related the implementation, the problematic situations during the implementation, admirable aspects of the implementation, wish to reuse the implementation and the benefits/contributions of the implementation. The study results revealed that the students knew how to implement story mapping method used with CIRC technique and were aware of the necessary things for the implementation. It was determined that the students found the implementation useful in general and had positive ideas about the implementation. All the students wanted to use the story mapping method used with CIRC technique in other courses as well.

Distribution of Academic Personnel and Managers in Universities with Respect to Academic Title and Gender

Cemalettin İPEK — 2024-08-29

Recent discussions on gender equality or discrimination continue to be on the agenda in the field of education as it is in different areas. The discussion of gender equality in administrative positions is perhaps the most noticeable debate raised in this context. Researches in this subject show that there is a gap between the rate of women taking place in work life and the rate of having administrative posts. In other words, it is obvious that there is a remarkable gender inequality in administrative positions. However, in these researches, whether there is intentional gender discrimination in administrative positions or women are not demanding enough these tasks remains questionable. In the research, the distribution of academic staff working in state universities and private/foundation universities will be identified, and the distribution of academic staff will be given according to titles and genders in the sample of universities. Moreover, the gender distributions of the academicians in the university administration (rector, vice rector, general secretary, senate members, and board members) will be indicated. In the research, according to the foundation periods among the public universities (universities established before 1990, universities established between 1990 and 2006, and universities established after 2006), 30 universities (10 university from the each of them) and 10 universities among the private universities –a total of 40 universities- were selected as the research sample. The research data were obtained from YÖK web page (YÖK Academic and Higher Education Information Management System) and the web pages of the related universities. Content analysis was performed on the collected data and the results were tabulated and compared according to the purpose of the study.

The Counseling and Guidance Service Needs Inventory: Validity and Reliability Study

Cemal KARADAŞ — 2024-08-29

The aim of the this research was to develop a scale that can be used in the identification of counseling and guidance needs of secondary school students. For this aim, the Counseling and Guidance Service Needs Inventory for Students middle school form (RSİAE-O) developed in Turkish culture was introduced. In the validity and reliability studies of the RSİAE-O, 1177 students were applied in the inventory, 586 female and 591 male. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to the validity of the RSİAE-O structure. The Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficients calculated to determine the reliability coefficients vary between .86 and .94. As a result of the test-retest analysis, the stability levels of the sub-dimensions were changed between .90 and .95. The factor loadings of the items in the inventory range from .57 to .76. The RSİAE-O is prepared in a seven-point Likert-type form (1 = never agree, 7 = fully agree). As a result of the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) performed for the RSİAE-O, three factors (educational, vocational and personal / social guidance) and 7 items in each factor were determined as a total of 21 items. The RSİAE middle school form described 58.627% of the total variance. In CFA; it can be seen that there is a significant difference between expected and observed covariance matrix for the three-factor model and that for other parameters, the goodness of fit values are within acceptable or perfect limits and that the three-factor structure of the measurement model is confirmed. In current research, the validity and reliability of RSİAE-O were investigated. Consequently, the psychometric properties of the RSİAE secondary school form were found to be sufficient for this sample group and findings were obtained that the inventory was a valid and reliable measurement tool.

Digital Design as a visual instructional material: Visited, Discovered, Taught

Genç Osman İLHANMert Mustafa AK, Muhammed Faruk ERDOĞAN — 2024-08-29

Students have different learning styles and therefore teachers need to be able to address multiple senses while teaching. One of the easiest and most effective ways to do this is to use various teaching tools and materials in the lessons. Materials provide multiple learning environments by addressing different senses when used in the right and necessary places. Comic books, which still appeal to a wide audience and still have a solid place in their bumpy adventure as a branch of art, combine writing and visuals to be an effective visual medium. Within the scope of this study, an educational comic medium consisting of 32 squares was designed on the basis of the objective of "Students explain the importance of democracy in our social life" on the Social Studies 6th Grade Effective Citizenship learning area. In addition to the acquisition mentioned in the study, increasing the awareness of students about children's rights was seen as a separate objective. The material was created on the internet through the comic book site Pixton. While conveying a concept such as democracy that is intangible and therefore difficult to understand by students and values that are intangible about it, such as equality, justice, freedom, and tolerance; it was preferred to use materials which are supported with visual elements such as comics. In addition, Social Studies lessons in which verbal subjects are dominant have largely been trapped in the monopoly of direct instruction technique. In order to save Social Studies lessons from this monopoly, the existence of teachers who use different mediums with different methods and techniques in their lessons is vital. Thus, it is thought that the material developed may be a reference source for educators who want to use comics or hesitate to use comics in educational environments.

Views of Preschool Parents to theValues Education

Munise DURAN — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this study is to determine the expectations and views of preschool parents on values education.The design of the research is a case study that is one of the qualitative research methods. In order to collect data, 52 parents in the kindergartens of Battalgazi district of Malatya province were interviewed to collect data and a structured interview form created by the researcher was used to collect their views on values education. Descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the data. According to the results obtained from the research, parents in the lower socio-economic region did not generally hear the concept of values education. Cooperation and responsibility are the primary values that they want their children to have. Parents in the middle and upper socio-economic regions wanted their children to gain respect. Parents expectations at school are as follows; their own involvement in the values education process, preventing slang and swearing speeches on the streets taking preventive, protective, educational measures for school children against drug addiction and helping families in this regard. What families do for their children's value acquisition is to be a role model and advice to children. Parents identified the environmental factors affecting the acquisition of values as family environment, streets, peer groups, television and the Internet. The precautions taken against the negative aspects of these factors were determined as time restriction, allowing their children to go out in a limeted time under the going out to the streets in a limited time and under the supervision of someone, letting them watch television and use the Internet for certain periods and certain programs.

The Analyzing of Teachers’ Attitudes towards Teaching Profession According to Some Variables

Nevruz TAŞDEMİRAli ÜNİŞEN — 2024-08-29

In this study, the scale of teachers’ attitudes towards teaching profession which has four factors, ‘Appreciating’, ‘Occupational burnout’, ‘Indifference’ and ‘Openness to professional improvement’ and developed by the researcher was applied to 650 teachers working in Adana Central District to examine teachers’ attitudes towards their profession according to their gender, professional seniority, faculties they graduated from, types of schools they work, martial status. The data was obtained in the education period of 2014-2015 and analyzed in a computer program. The research demonstrates that teachers who are female; have between 1 and 5 year professional seniority; are graduates of different faculties from faculties of science, literature and education have more positive attitudes towards their profession.

Understanding Teacher's Weakness for Teacher Empowerment

Osman Tayyar ÇELİK Hüseyin AKAR — 2024-08-29

The interest in teacher empowerment has risen in recent years. Studies related to teacher empowerment have concentrated on the effect of certain structural arrangements and administrative practices on individual and organizational outcomes. This qualitative research attempts to determine the sources and affective components of teacher's weakness on the basis of teachers' opinions. Thus, it presents different perspectives on policies and practices to be developed for teacher empowerment. The participants of the research, which was designed as a descriptive case study, are comprised of 20 teachers who were selected via the maximum variation sampling and working in Kilis Province. The data of the research were collected by means of a semi-structured interview form and a closed-ended questionnaire. Participating teachers were asked questions about their feelings of weakness they experienced in the classroom, in the school and in their social lives due to their profession. In the closed-ended questionnaire, participating teachers were asked about their feelings in case of a weakness. Content analysis and frequency analysis were performed for the analysis of the data. As a result of the research, profession's status and characteristics, school culture and climate, management style of school principals, student characteristics, school conditions and resources, parents' attitude and behaviour, education and teacher policies, individual factors in the context of professional competence and work family conflict has been identified as factors that could lead to teacher weakness. Moreover, the findings of the research indicate that their feelings of fatalism, submission, withdrawal and anxiety were the affective components of teacher's weakness depending on the situation of weakness.

The Scale of The Determining The Fun in Life Science Course: A Study of Validation and Reliability

Ufuk ULUÇINARCüneyit AKAR, Aslı GÜNDOĞAN — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable scale for measuring the level of fun of primary school students in life science course. The research was designed with cross-sectional survey model. The population of the study consists of primary school students studying in Uşak. The sample consisted of 255 second and third grade students studying in three primary schools of different socio-economic levels in the central district of Uşak. In the scale development process, the steps of scanning the literature, establishing the item pool, ensuring the validity of the appearance, performing the pilot implementation, performing the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyzes to ensure the construct validity were followed. As a result of the analyzes, a valid and reliable structure consisting of 10 items was obtained in two dimensions. The first dimension was named as the level of fun related to the content of the course” and the second dimension was” the level of fun related to teaching the course. Items of the scale constructed in Triple Likert type, always (1), sometimes (2), never (3) is rated as. The lowest score that can be obtained from the scale is 10 and the highest score is 30. The results indicate that the Scale of Determining the Level of Fun in Life Science Course is a valid and reliable measurement tool in measuring the fun level of the second and third grade students in primary school.

Impact of Cooperative Learning Method on Primary School Mathematics and Attitude Towards Mathematics

Yalçın KARALI — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this research; To reveal the effect of cooperative learning method on academic success and attitude towards mathematics in fourth grade mathematics lesson in primary school and to determine their thoughts on cooperative method. In the research, single group pretest-posttest pattern was used. The achievements in the "Calculating Perimeter Lengths" unit of the 4th grade mathematics program in the research include "Team Team Tournament Supported Student Teams", which includes the application of the "Team Team Tournament" techniques and "Team Team Tournament" techniques in the experimental group for 23 lessons. Success Departments” technique was applied. The working group of the research is the second year of 2015-2016 academic year. In the period of Malatya Battalgazi district of the Ministry of National Education, it consisted of 20 students, including 10 girls and 10 boys. As the data collection tool, mathematics attitude scale developed by Baykul (1990), mathematics achievement test developed by the researcher, and a questionnaire to evaluate collaborative learning method were applied. In the analysis of the data, the difference between the students' pretest and posttest scores was calculated, progress score sequences were created, and then these difference scores, which are the indicators of the progress of the study group regarding academic achievement and attitude, were compared with the t-test for unrelated samples. Frequency and percentage values were used to analyze and evaluate students' thoughts about collaborative learning. As a result of the research, the combination of the techniques of cooperative learning method did not cause any significant difference in terms of gender on the academic achievements and attitudes of female and male students studying in the experimental group. Students generally expressed a positive opinion about the cooperative learning method.

The Role of Heuristics in the Reasoning Processes of Pre-Service Science Teachers: Ranking of Compounds According to Their Solubility

Gülen ÖNAL KARAKOYUNErol ASİLTÜRK — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to explain the heuristics that are effective in science teacher candidates’ decision making processes related to the ranking of the compounds according to their solubility based on the ten heuristics model proposed by Talanquer. In this study, in which the phenomenographic research method was used, in order to collect data, interviews were conducted with 30 pre-service science teachers enrolled Firat University Faculty of Education Science Teaching Program in the spring semester of 2018-2019 academic year. In the interviews, the participants were asked to answer a question about the ranking of the compounds according to their solubility and explain the reasons for their answers. As a result of the research, it has been determined that all heuristics except fluency heuristic affect the comments and reasoning of the participants, and because of the effects of these heuristics, students generally used shortcut strategies instead of scientific reasoning. Seven different answer patterns were obtained from the responses given by the participants to the relevant question, and the ratio of the answer pattern containing the correct answer is 10 %. It was revealed by the present study that the most used heuristics are the associative activation and attribute substitution heuristics. It was also revealed that although it is not included in the model proposed by Talanquer, the periodic trend heuristic also affects the reasoning of the participants reasoning related to the ranking of the compounds according to their solubility.

Investigation of Rafadan Tayfa Cartoon in Terms of Root Values in Turkish Language Teaching Program

Mehmet KURUDAYIOĞLUSeda ŞAHİN — 2024-08-29

Children spend most of their time at digital screens such as televisions, tablets, computers. The most frequently encountered content on these screens is cartoons. Rafadan Tayfa is one of the most watched cartoons that children in Turkey. The purpose of this study is to examine Rafadan Tayfa in terms of justice, friendship, honesty, self-control, patience, respect, love, responsibility, patriotism and helpfulness in the Turkish Lesson Curriculum. The study object of the study, which is carried out with a single state pattern, which is one of the qualitative research methods, consists of ten episodes being the first show year of 2018. Data collection was done by document analysis and analysis was done by descriptive analysis. As a result of the research, a total of 742 values were determined in the examined sections. 674 of these are verbal and 68 of them are visual. It was realized that the most repeated value had been self-control value. Responsibility and respect follow this value in turn. As for the least determined value, it was patriotism.

An Evaluation of Listening Metacognitive Strategies of Prospective Turkish Teachers: The Case of Recep Tayyip Erdogan University

Yasemin BAKİ — 2024-08-29

This study aimed to examine the use of metacognitive strategies related to listening skill which is one of the basic language skills in teaching Turkish. The study group of the research which was conducted with descriptive survey model was determined by simple random sampling that is one of the random sampling methods. Participants consisted of 223 prospective teachers who were studying in their 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th years in Turkish Language Teaching Department at Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University in the 2017-2018 academic year. The study data were collected through the Listening Metacognitive Strategies Scale. Whether the listening metacognitive strategies of prospective Turkish teachers differed significantly in terms of the variables of gender, grade level, parental education level, number of pages read weekly and number of books read during the year was analyzed using this scale which consisted of three dimensions: attention, planning-evaluation and problem solving. In the analysis of the data, t-test was used to test the significance between two variables, and one-way analysis of variance (One Way Anova) was used to test the significance of more than two variables. As a result of the research, it was found that the use of listening metacognitive strategies of prospective Turkish teachers showed a significant difference in the dimension of attention in favor of male prospective teachers. On the other hand, in terms of grade level variable, it was determined that there was a significant difference in the total of the scale and in the dimension of attention in favor of 1st year students. While the metacognitive strategies of prospective teachers according to father education level had similar characteristics, it was found that the total of the scale differed significantly in terms of the mothers education level variable in the dimensions of problem solving and attention in favor of the prospective teachers whose mother education levels were primary school. In terms of the number of books read during the year, it has been found a significant difference in the dimension of problem solving in favor of the participants who read 10 or more books during the year. On the other hand, it was concluded that prospective teachers’ use of listening metacognitive strategies was similar in terms of the number of pages read weekly variable.

Country and Patriotizm in the Works of Yahya Kemal

Tevfik SÜTÇÜ — 2024-08-29

Country is a notion usually taking the form of positive adjectives in people’s hearts as in the statements “this land, this geography, this homeland, this motherland and etc.” even though these statements may imply different political views. The situation Ottoman got into after falling behind against the states in the West after XVIII. Century and especially the developments in politics in West, opinions such as freedom, equality, justice, constitutional monarchy, nationality that became worldwide caused the XIX. Century Ottoman intellectuals to become more sensitive to these different ideas. This sensitiveness towards country found its place in the works of Yahya Kemal who was a poet of an era in which such situations took place intensively. The notion “country” makes its appearance as an accumulation, a saintly existence, a mother and sometimes a lover which have very intensive and deep meanings in Yahya Kemal, one who was one of the biggest poets of Turkish literature. Yahya Kemal accepts everywhere where Turkish Literature exists as country. Thus for a land to be country, it’s connected to the adventure that the nation saw through on that land and especially to the martyrs who witnessed the history. Üsküp where Yahya Kemal had to abandon due to war when he was little left painful scars and a deep feeling of longing in his life. He deeply understands the meaning of longing, the importance of country in the time he was separated from his country. According to Yahya Kemal who says “country is a country if one can live freely on it,” Anatolia deserved independence with the struggles it put up village to village. This nation who colored the homeland with its red bloods regards defending the country as his debt of honor. Yahya Kemal also has a big love and admiration towards İstanbul. He presents the whole country into attention under the symbol of İstanbul. Yahya Kemal has been a poet who made us hear this love of country and that tick voice screaming this love, which our literature longs, once more in a time we needed most since Namık Kemal, along with bringing lots of innovations in the field of literature and preserving the bonds in an unbreakable way with our predecessors which broke.

A Study of Turkish L1 Students English Verb Collocations and Collocational Errors

Ali BIÇKI — 2024-08-29

By their very nature, words in any given language have particular preferences of co-use a.k.a collocations. These collocations are identified with specialised natural language processing programs often with Mutual Information, Log Likelihood and t-score statistics. It is crucial that language learners use these collocations appropriately in order avoid misunderstanding and effective communication. Thus, the focus of this paper is to analyse the errors commonly committed by English language learner with Turkish L1 background. This study employs Error Analysis and Learner corpus analysis methodology commonly accepted in applied linguistics and the data is presented accordingly. Learner errors in 177 selected texts incorporated in ICLE which have been collected from Çukurova University, ICLE – TR were analysed and pinpointed trough both with corpus analysis program Wordsmith 5.0 and by hand. These errors were collated into structural (Verb+NP, NP+Adj. etc.) semantic (Occurrence, Action, Existence etc.) and other categories beyond the scope of this study. The errors then were crosschecked trough COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English) and BNC (British National Corpus) and collocation dictionaries. The most prevalent group of errors were that of Verb+NP combinations and they were quite simplistic errors. While arguably those errors may attributed to personal differences or the proficiency level of the students this paper argues that those errors might perfectly natural given the difference in acquiring the “conceptual” structure of the Verb versus the Noun. The study finds that by the nature of their acquisition and semantic domains Occurrence and Existence Verbs are often mis-conceptualized and therefore prone to misuse and collocational errors.

Fantastik Edebiyat Çevirilerinde Söylem Kısıtları

Sevcan Yılmaz KUTLAY — 2024-08-29

In Translation Studies, discourse has generally been discussed as a part of the binary opposition of “form versus content” or “structure versus meaning” and at the end of this discussion, challenging discourse elements of some genres (especially poetic discourse) have been often considered untranslatable. With the goal of arousing uncanny, fantastic literature as a literary genre needs hesitation and a familiar kind of strangeness. While discoursive elements such as idiolects, sociolects, fictional constructed languages (conLang) and specifically designed proper names, special terminology of fantastic can help construct this strangeness, they evoke some challenges for translators. Although discoursive elements can be constraints or challenges for translators; as Pym (1992) offers translation is a potential tool, “a discovery procedure of intercultural Discourse Analysis” (p.235). This article aims to question the discoursive constraints and Discourse Analysis in translation of fantastic literature after discussing the scope and nature of fantastic literature.

Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Epistemolojik ve Yabancı Dil Öğrenmeye İlişkin İnançları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Mehmet Emin MUNİS — 2024-08-29

This study aimed to reveal whether there exists a relationship between epistemological and foreign language learning beliefs of university students in a Turkish university context. In this regard, with the participation of 157 male and 145 female freshmen studying at a public university the study was conducted. To collect data, the EBQ and the BALLI questionnaires were used. Frequencies, means and Pearson correlations were used to analyse the relationship between the participants’ epistemological and foreing language learning beliefs. The results revealed that university students had sophisticated epistemological beliefs in terms of learning depends on effort and learning depends on ability sub-dimensions of the EBQ, while they were uncertain about one single truth dimension. The study also revealed that the participants held various beliefs related to foreign language learning. There was a slight correlation between students’ epistemological and foreign language learning beliefs.

Evaluations Related to Success Level of Turkish Sports

Enes BELTEKİNİhsan KUYULU — 2024-08-29

This study was carried out to reveal the views of university students about the success level of Turkish sports. The research group consists of totally 500 students, 252 males and 248 females study in the sports science faculty of Erciyes University during the 2018-2019 academic year. In order to obtain data for the purpose of the research, a survey form developed by Tosun-Tunç (2014) to determine the level of success of Turkish sports was used. The data gathered at the end of the research were analyzed and interpreted in SPSS 22 statistical software. Descriptive analyzes including arithmetic average, standard deviation, frequency and percentage distributions are presented in the light of the data obtained in the findings section of the research. In line with the answers given by the students who participated in the study to the survey form; current sports system structure and the sports facilities of their positive attitude of students about the qualification with the current situation in Turkey, however, about the status of coach the students, the approach to the sport of sports managers and qualifications, sports federations, the structural condition and operability of the last athlete-friendly and environment relationship issues and similarly; it was determined that they had positive thoughts, but they could not provide a certain idea about athlete's nutrition, transfer of athletes from abroad, athletes' sensitivity to health and ergogenic support for athletes. Eventually, it is understood that the management model of Turkish sports in general is efficient and effective for the students participating in the research and that the sports institutions and organizations have adequate equipment.

Investigation of Entrepreneurship Characteristics of Physical Education and Sports School Students in Terms of Different Variables

GAMZE MURATHANGamze MURATHAN, Hande İNAN, Emine KARAKAPLAN ÖZER — 2024-08-29

Entrepreneurship is one of the most important economic and social forces of our age. It is an essential force due to the growing interest in entrepreneurial activities and this growing interest stems from the developments in business and technology constantly shaping the world on transformation. In this study, it was aimed to examine the entrepreneurship characteristics of the School of Physical Education and Sports students studying in higher education institutions according to various variables. 369 female and 403 male university students participated the study. “University Students Entrepreneurship Scale” (Yılmaz and Sünbül, 2009) was used to collect the data. The data were analyzed by computer package program. The results of the study revealed that the entrepreneurship levels of the School of Physical Education and Sports students are above the average. The results of the t test conducted for the gender variable presented significant differences in favor of female students in all sub-dimensions of the scale. As a result, it was determined that social class, family's economic history, work experience, education and other environmental socio-cultural factors affect the entrepreneurship levels of the students.

Examining the Motivation Levels of Licensed E-Sports Participants

Metin YILDIZAbdurrahman KIRTEPE, Kürşat Nuri BAYDİLLİ — 2024-08-29

The aim of study was to compare some demographic variables of licensed e-sports participants and the factors that affecting the motivation of the participants. The universe of the research consists of 1686 athletes who are professionally interested in e-sports. The sample of the study was applied to 146 athletes who are professionally interested in e-sports with the “easy sampling method” with the help of Google Forum .The analysis of data was carried out by using the SPSS package program. Scale reliability was tested by Cronbach Alpha test and found α=0,897. Frequency and percentage values of categorical variables are presented. Independent sample T test was used to compare categorical variables with two categories and quantitative variables; with more than two categories Anova test was used to compare categorical and quantitative variables. Conclusion: While it was seen that male participants are more interested and participated in e-sports, at the same time men are care more about competition and success in e-sports than female participants. Participants who are younger are more excited when participating e-sports than those who are in the older age, also their participation in e-sports with computer and mobile devices does not affect their motivation in participating in these games, and that participants do not work in any job and it has been determined that it does not affect their sports motivation levels in any way.

Investıgatıon Of The Lonelıness Level Of The Auxılıary Health Staff Accordıng To Some Varıables

Ramazan ÖZAVCINahit ÖZDAYI — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to examine loneliness levels in the auxiliary healthcare staff according to some variables. A total of 240 participants, 106 women (44,2%) and 134 men (55,8%), participated in the study voluntarily. The staff's gender, age, marital status, educational status, duration of office, exposure to mobbing and the status of exercise making were examined. UCLA loneliness scale, which was developed by Russel, Peplau and Ferguson (1978) and adapted to Turkish by Demir (1989), was used to determine the loneliness levels of the staff. Parametric test methods were applied since the collected data showed normal distribution. Findings obtained in data analysis were considered significant at the level of p<0,05. A statistically significant difference was founded between loneliness levels according to the mobbing exposure of the auxiliary health staff (0,05). It has been determined that the auxiliary health staff who don’t make exercise are lonely due to mobbing (0,05). A statistically significant, positive but low correlation was observed between mobbing exposure and loneliness. According to the other variables included in the study, no statistical difference was found in case of loneliness. As a result, it was understood that the assistant healthcare staff who were exposed to mobbing became lonely and exercise decreased the level of loneliness.

The Investigation of First Grade Student’s Self-Confidence Levels who has Sports Education: Sample of Firat University

Veysel ALBAYRAKMustafa KIZILKOCA, Ecesu ÖZCAN — 2024-08-29

This research was performed to determine how self-confidence perceptions of 1st grade students studying at Firat University Faculty of Sport Sciences change according to some variables. The population of the research consists of first grade students studying at the Faculty of Sport Sciences at Firat University. The sample group consists of 252 sports education students. The “Self-Confidence Scale” consisting of 33 items and 2 sub-dimensions was used to collect data from the research group. SPSS 22.0 package program was used in the analysis of the data obtained from the research group. “Independent Sample t-Test” and “One Way Variance Analysis”, which are among the parametric tests, were used to reveal the levels of differentiation between the variables. Statistical significance level was accepted as p<0.05. As a result of the research, although the psychological state of the person is decisive in the increase and decrease of the self-confidence levels of the students who receive sports education, the effect of the environment is determined to be considerably high here. Therefore, it is important for academic staff and coaches to look at athletes and enable them to express themselves. In this context, it is effective to get help from the relevant units of universities by experts.

Some Armenian Compounds and Kanun Artists Contributing to Turkish Music at the Ottoman State

Ramazan KAMİLOĞLU — 2024-08-29

The Ottoman State, which dominates the vast geography, did not destroy the cultures of the nations it ruled, but rather supported them. Within the framework of this tolerance, cultures have fused with each other and from time to time different nations have served the Turkish Culture. One of the most important of these nations is the Armenians who lived with the Turks for a long time. In this study, we described the lives of 11 Armenian composers who lived in the Ottoman borders and served Turkish music. These composers put their works in the forms of Turkish music. Their works are still loved and played, sung and listened to in the concerts performed today. These artists have had services to Turkish music both in performance, in education and in written sources. The Armenian artists we worked with studied in Ottoman schools and studied Turkish music as well as their own music. It is understood that they have mastered the intricacies of Turkish music in their works. Our artists were in different geographies of the Ottoman Empire and contributed to Turkish music.

Robot and Artificial Intelligence Applications and Library Architecture

Sami ÇUHADAR — 2024-08-29

The basic elements such as building, budget, user, collection, staff, and technology determine the effectiveness and efficiency of libraries. Among these elements, library buildings undertook important functions such as preserving information sources in appropriate environments, protecting them, making them available quickly and easily, and providing an environment that encourages research and reading. It is the fact that recent developments in information and communication technologies affect library buildings. This study discusses the impacts of robots and artificial intelligence applications on library buildings and architectures. It also provides some suggestions for using robot and artificial intelligence applications in the existing and new library buildings.

A Different Method for Transfer of Social Values: Scoutıng

Hilmi TÜRKYILMAZTuncay CANBULAT, Halit ARAPOĞLU, Yaşar ÇIRAKLI — 2024-08-29

Values are one of the most important elements that provide social unity and solidarity and ensure that this unity and solidarity become harmonious and permanent. The values that shape and build the life of man are also factors that contribute to the search for meaning. In this respect, values constitute the basic building blocks of both the individual and the society in a cultural sense. Science, technology, mass media, etc. with the influence of factors, rapid changes have occurred in the social field in recent years. The existence of differentiations that can be described as “social disruption” among these changes brought the issue of values education in the agenda to the agenda.nFor this purpose, studies have been carried out on how to transfer values to children and appropriate educational programs started to be developed. Since many different dimensions such as family, school, environment are involved in the transfer of values, different methods and practices should be developed in value education. Because, it is seen in studies that suggestion method is not very effective in value teaching. From this point of view, it is discussed whether scouting is an alternative method in values education.

Relationship Between Entrepreneurship Orientation and Firm Performance: An Empirical Literature Review

Feridun DUMANFerhat EREN — 2024-08-29

The main purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurship orientation and business performance by conducting an empirical literature review. This aim was managed by examining the effects of the entrepreneurship orientation on the business performance being separated into the financial and non-financial dimensions. Entrepreneurship orientation and performance empirical studies selected from the literature were analysed according to the purpose of this study. The study showed that there was no consistency and clarity in the effects of entrepreneurship orientation on the financial and non-financial performance of businesses. However, it was understood from the literature that entrepreneurship orientation contributes directly or indirectly to business performance. In addition to this result, some empirical studies suggested that the positive effects of entrepreneurship orientation will not appear in a short period of time, but in a longer period of time.

The Influence of Political Marketing on Political Behaviour of University Students

Ramazan ASLAN — 2024-08-29

There are different factors affecting the behaviour of the consumers within the scope of convetional marketing dicipline. Marketing approaches applied in the political behavior have given birth of new political marketing approaches. In a similar way, there are ample factors effecting voters' behavior within the scope of political marketing. Political parties have been applying distinctive marketing methods to survive from the political competiton and thus marketing activities has a massive importance to gain competitive advantage. For this purpose, political parties and actors start to benefit from the marketing science extensively. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of political marketing activities on political decisions of students at Adiyaman University. To be able to do that, a quantitative research model has been used in the study. The sample of the research is composed of 464 students who had been studying at the University during the autumn semester of 2018-2019 academic year. The face-to-face survey study is conducted. Since the data were collected in 2019, the Ethics Committee Permission for the study was not required. At the end of the study, it has been found out that that most of the participants think of voting for the same party they had previously voted. They used both traditional media and internet to get information about the marketing activities of political parties. In addition, the electorates are influenced by opinions of people having experience and of intellectuals on political issues.

The War of Gods in Marsyas Mythology

İlker IŞIK — 2024-08-29

This study is based on Marsyas mythology, to reveal the effectiveness of ancient mystery religions in Anatolia, the works related to this myth in antiquity and afterwards, and how the myth was perceived in antiquity. The acceptability of beliefs and rituals within the social structure of the period, the clash of the existing cults with each other and the historical reality of the allegorical transfer in myth are examined. While stating this, the interpretation of the myth is provided with a different perspective by considering geography, political situation, people and concepts besides the temporal criterion. In addition, in this study, besides the allegorical and metaphoric narrative in myth, it was tried to give information about the approach of the ancient man to the phenomenon of religion as well as considering the realistic sides of the event. In this context, gods and goddesses directly mentioned in mythology and god beliefs that are active in the region are addressed one by one and their qualities and historical backgrounds are emphasized. In addition, the relations of these beliefs with each other are examined and the conflict or adoption features within the society based on their common or different characteristics are discussed.