https://johschool.com/?mod=sayi_detay&sayi_id=1252 Tarih Okulu Dergisi en 2024-08-29 <p>Asos Yayınları<br /> Kızılay Mahallesi, Fevzi Çakmak-2 Sk. No:37/1, 06420 Çankaya/Ankara<br /> <a href="https://www.asosyayinlari.com/dergilerimiz.html" target="_blank">https://www.asosyayinlari.com/</a> https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45827 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45827 Abdulnasır YİNER The majority of Anatolia is in the earthquake zone is well-known. Numerous earthquakes have occurred throughout history, leading to the loss of many lives and property. Severe earthquakes occurred in Bitlis Region, where Siirt is affiliated, in 1903 and after, and Siirt and its surroundings were also affected by these earthquakes. After these earthquakes, some of the villagers from the Zivzik villagers of Şirvan district of Siirt asked the “Constitutional Government” to eliminate their victimization, citing that they were not sufficiently taken care of due to the earthquake casualties and that they were not sufficiently concerned during the period of convictions. For this purpose, they applied to various institutions with a petition and made some requests. A series of correspondence has been made on these petitions. A few months after Sultan II. Abdulhamid was deposed from the throne, people from Zivzik Village of Şirvan District made several petition requests to institutions primarily to Sadaret and Internal Affairs Ministry. Accordingly, the article the 1907 Earthquake that Affected the Area around Siirt and Some Events in the Region is a qualitative study; in this study, the data were obtained by using the document analysis technique. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=46026 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=46026 Erdal ASLAN The use of visual images is extremely important in historiography and history teaching. Visuals are emphasized and use of visual resources is recommended in the teaching of history subjects in the curriculum prepared in recent years. This study was carried out to create a theoretical framework on the use of visual images in history teaching which was oldest communication tool and historical information source of human beings. The aim of this study is to introduce visuals in terms of theoretical and practical dimension in history teaching. In the research especially the contribution of visual images which has influenced all areas of social life and is used extensively in all fields of social sciences since the beginning of the 20th century, to history teaching and historiography was discussed, effects of visual images on human life and what are the main types of visual images that can be used for teaching history are determined. Then, the opportunities that can be provided by using visuals in history lessons difficulties encountered during their use, and what to do and how to use it to overcome them were discussed. Finally, a sample "Visual Analysis Guide" has been presented for the use of images with historical images in history teaching. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45278 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45278 Deniz KURTBOĞANİbrahim SOLAK One of the most important issues that confronted the Ottoman State with internal and external dangers was undoubtedly the throne struggles. In this context, the most known and remarkable of the throne struggles in Ottoman history was the struggle between Yavuz Sultan Selim and his brothers. Especially, Bayezid's aging towards the end of his reign and the fall of the patient during the throne struggles between his sons caused some problems in the state affairs. The princes who benefited from these troubles in state administration took action without permission from the center, that is, from their fathers. In this process, Selim became the biggest candidate of the throne with military struggle and strategic moves. The main purpose of the study is to deal with the throne struggle between Selim and his brothers in the light of new documents and to contribute to previous studies on the subject. Accordingly, documents and letters that were not evaluated before in the Archive of Topkapı Palace Museum were used. In addition to letters, kronik and secondary sources were also used in order to ensure the integrity of the subject. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45755 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45755 Mehmet Suat BALSeda Çalı, Sadık Piştav East-West struggle is one of the most important and characteristic phenomenon that the history of the world does not change, repeated at regular intervals. This struggle has been continuing for over a thousand years. The longest and the most comprehensive of these conflicts are Crusades period. With the beginning of the Crusades, Crusader armies entering Anatolia were divided into two branches and a branch went to Çukurova, the other branch went to Syria following the path Kayseri, Comana, Marash, Göksun. Crusader armies moving from Komana region moved towards Göksun via Yeşilkent town by entering Marash. Turks left Goksun that cited with name such as Cocson and Cosor in Crusaders sources. Crusaders that remained in Goksun for three days collected intelligence and were hosted by local Armenians. Marash was occupied by the Crusaders on October 15, 1097. Crusaders left the region to Byzantine under the name of Marash Seigneurships in accordance with the agreement made with Byzantine and Armenian Thatul was appointed as governor with title prince of princes. Crusaders recaptured the city because Thatul went to Istanbul in 1104. But Armenian Koghvasil who governor of Keysun invaded Marash in the same years and ruled Marash as a vassal of the Urfa Crusaders county. Subsequently, seniors who named Richard de Salerne, Gaudefroy, Baudouin, and Renaud managed to Marash. Marash Seigneurships that dominated the region for fifty-two years were destroyed since Seljuk Sultan I. Mesut conquered the Marash in 1149. In this paper, we will examine the activities of the Crusaders in Marash and around. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45131 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45131 Sebiha ÇOMRUK The children were seen as the guarantee of the family and the state's continuity based on the Turkish family structure in the Ottoman Empire. Therefore, the Ottoman Empire began to attach great importance to the protection of the family and children, in particular through innovative policies created recently. The Ottoman Empire focused on the social politics in the last periods, in particular during the reign of Abdulhamid II. The Ottoman Empire aided the military families upon their financial problems which were caused by the long wars. The only condition in order to take tev'em salary was to be in need of money. At his point, orphans and the wifes of soldiers who did not return from the war were in need of money. Also, there were poor families who had newborn twin children. All Ottoman subjects that have twins or triplets were financially supported by Tev'em salary. There were also various institutions and organizations to aid children. Thanks to the innovations made in the social fields during the reign of Abdülhamid II, in Tripoli and other Ottoman provinces, the Ottoman subjects that have twins and have insufficient income were supported financially. In this regard, one of these aids was Tev'em salary, which was the main subject of the study. This study deals with the social aid policy of the Ottoman Empire in the framework of the concept of welfare state based on the case of Tripoli. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=46123 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=46123 Resul KÖSE Syria became a mandated state of France after the First World War. The border between Turkey and Syria could not be traced until the 1930s because of the dominant state, France. The Sandzak problem that France had to deal with Turkey and other problems played an effective role in this. France, for solving the problems on their behalf and for certain political goals, has placed Armenians and people who executed banditry and were advocates of Kurdish nationalism; who were known to have bad relations with Turkey, in places near the Turkish border. In this article, we will discuss how these elements placed at the border and the smuggling caused by border insecurity during these years have established new settlements and cities in Syria in a very short period of times. This study were used archive documents, period newspapers and other sources in the literature. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=41785 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=41785 AYŞEGÜL ERGÜNErhan KÜLEKCİ It is important for students to experience STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) activities for our country to be able to increase their scientific research capacity and economic progress. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of problem based STEM activities aided by concept cartoons on academic success and conceptual comprehension levels of fifth grade middle school students. In the research, the single group pre-test and post-test experimental design was used. The participitants the research was consisted of 17 fifth grade students who were receiving education at a state school in the Akhisar district of the city of Manisa in the fall semester of the 2017-2018 academic year. The data of the research were collected with the academic success test and conceptual comprehension test developed by the researchers. In the analysis of data, non-parametric tests were used. The study was carried out in a total of 20 hours for 10 weeks in the science applications lesson which was given for two lesson hours per week. It was determined that the performed activities resulted in a statistically significant increase in the academic success and conceptual comprehension levels of the participating students. In addition, it was found that the effect of problem based STEM activities aided by concept cartoons conceptual comprehension is more positive compared to its effect on academic success. No statistically significant difference was detected between the female and male students’ academic success and conceptual comprehension levels after the practical activities. In the light of the obtained results, recommendations were made about the effective use of problem based learning in the STEM activities. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45453 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45453 Engin MEYDAN The periodic table of elements, which looks very complicated, is of great importance for chemistry students. The present study identified the metaphors for the periodic table formed by the students at different education levels and in different faculties and, in view of these metaphors, discussed the current status of teaching of the periodic table, which is among the basic subjects of the chemistry class. The study was built on phenomenology, a qualitative research method. The data were obtained by using a semi-structured interview and the acquired data were processed by content analysis. Based on the data, some suggestions were made as regards the periodic table. The students’ metaphors were grouped in five categories. Three consist of positive metaphors, while two of negative ones. The positive group included the metaphors concerning ‘order’, ‘whole-making differences’, and ‘containing information’, where the ones pertaining to ‘difficult to learn and understand’ and ‘class differences’ compose the negative group. However, it can be concluded from the fact that the positive and negative metaphors accounted for 89.93% and 10.7%, respectively that a great majority of the students had positive views about the periodic table. Considering the students’ positive views of the periodic table and the metaphors’ composition of a large variety of concepts, different approaches, methods, techniques, and materials can be used in teaching activities. The concretization of the periodic table, an abstract subject, through metaphors can be applicable to teaching settings. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45810 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45810 Ender ÖZEREN The purpose of the present study was to determine the relation between the epistemological beliefs of high school teachers and the measurement and evaluation methods they use during the teaching process. The universe of the research conducted in a correlational pattern consists of teachers working in high schools in Diyarbakır, Elazığ, Malatya and Şanlıurfa provinces. The sample of the study is composed of 819 teachers determined from the universe by disproportionate cluster sampling. The data of the study were collected with the Epistemological Belief Information Form and the Scientific Epistemological Beliefs Scale. The data of the research were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods. In the research, it has been determined that the majority of high school teachers take into account the nature of the information included in the subject while preparing lessons and preparing questions for their test situations. It has been determined that high school teachers participating in the study differ in epistemological belief levels in various dimensions. The teachers are not developed under the Authority and Accuracy sub-dimension, they are traditional; While it was determined that they had advanced, contemporary and medium-level, mixed epistemological beliefs in Knowledge Generation Process, Reasoning and Variability of Knowledge dimensions, teachers were found to have medium, mixed epistemological beliefs in general 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45206 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45206 Emine Kübra PulluMehmet Nuri GÖMLEKSİZ The aim of this study is to determine metaphorical perceptions of Computer Programming students of Computer Programming apllications. Study group includes students of Computer Programming Departments of Karakoçan Vocational College of Fırat University and Develi Hüseyin Şahin Vocational College of Kayseri University in 2018-2019 academic year. Phenomenological research design was used in the study. Easy accessible case sampling method was used to select the study group. Volunteer students participated the study and of the 108 students, 30 were female and 78 were male. Data of the study were collected through the use of the prompt “Computer Programming Applications are like…………..because………….”. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. Two categories were identified based on positive and negative metaphorical images to ward the concept of computer programming applications. Positivemet phorical images can be listed as follows: Computer Programming Applications develop creativity, the systematic, holistic and relative, they have continuous and permanent structure, the entertaining, they provide diversity, practice and build communication with technological world while negative metaphorical images are mentioned as follows; Computer Technological Applications are difficult, impossible to apply and annoying. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=31956 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=31956 Gürkan MORALI Ali GÖÇER Stories are a kind of narration from the past to the present. However, today's technological developments have started to digitize stories. As a result, a new genre called digital story and digital storytelling, which is a form of narration, emerged. Digital storytelling, which is becoming widespread in the world day by day, is used in different age groups and various educational levels. Digital storytelling is a technique that can be used in teaching Turkish as a foreign language. The aim of this study is to present theoretical information about the use of digital stories within the framework of teaching Turkish as a foreign language. In this context, primarily digital story, genres and digital storytelling were introduced, the fundamentals and stages of digital storytelling were described, then the tools and software used for digital storytelling were presented. In addition, the reflections of digital storytelling on education and then on foreign language learning and teaching were explained. Finally, some obstacles affecting digital narrative have been highlighted. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45173 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45173 Özgür SİREMMehmet Sena ATAŞ In this study, it was aimed to examine peer relations of gifted students according to teachers' opinions. In the research, it was determined that gifted students had peer relationships and what kind of problems they had in social relations according to the opinions of teachers. Case study method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. In the research using the criterion sampling approach, which is one of the purposeful sampling methods, 8 teachers, 2 of whom were women and 6 were men, were educated in a Science and Art Center in the Eastern Anatolia Region in the 2019-2020 academic year. In the research, semi-structured interview questions were used as data collection tools. Content analysis was used in the analysis of the data obtained in the research. According to the data obtained from the opinions of the teachers in the research, in the peer relationships of gifted students; In the social relations, where the ambition of winning, adherence to the rules, the desire to be understood, common interest, insistence, pampering, belonging and expectation pressure; It was found that there was jealousy, leadership, self-centeredness and the desire to be the best. In addition, it was found in the research that gifted students make gender discrimination and female students are better than male students in social relations. According to the results obtained in the research, it was seen that gifted students wanted to be understood, they could establish a better peer relationship with other students with common interests, and had problems in social relations. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45829 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45829 Ramazan ŞİMŞEK The importance and number of vocabulary studies is gradually increasing in terms of foreign language education. With vocabulary studies, priority word lists to be learned according to need and situation are investigated. While the number of vocabulary studies in teaching Turkish as a foreign language is gradually increasing, the focus is generally on the vocabulary of course materials. Students' vocabulary is also one of the areas that should be focused on for researchers in this process. While the number of vocabulary studies in teaching Turkish as a foreign language is gradually increasing, the focus is generally on the vocabulary of course materials. Students' vocabulary is also one of the areas that should be focused on for researchers in this process. Written or oral vocabulary of individuals learning Turkish as a foreign language is observed both to see the current situation and to make comparisons with frequency lists. Another instrument of vocabulary research is textbooks. The texts in the textbooks are a guide for the curriculum and the tutor. Textbooks play a key role in bringing vocabulary to the target audience. In this context, the written vocabulary of B1 level students learning Turkish as a foreign language and the vocabulary of the reading texts of the materials used in the course constitute the focus of the study. In this context, 7 different compositions were written to 21 students during the 6-week B1 course. Subsequently, these compositions were transferred to the computer environment in order to determine the written vocabulary of the students; the reading texts in the textbook have been made suitable for the software to be used in determining the vocabulary. The most frequently used 500 words in the vocabulary of the textbook and the vocabulary of students' written expressions were compared in different segments. In addition, the most frequently used 500 words were classified according to word types and the study was concluded. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45541 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45541 Cem Koray OLGUN Social media, which has become one of the most important mass media tools of today, increases the impact of individuals on their daily lives. Individuals communicate with social media both with close and distant others and rebuild their self-image through this field. However, there are differences between individuals' selves in social life and the presentations of their selfies on social media. Self-images created on social media and presented to others are “signifier-selfs” that represent individuals' selves. The aim of this study is to analyze the formation of signifier selfs through the social media usage of individuals, based on George Herbert Mead, Erving Goffman, and Manuel Castells’ approaches. Accordingly, 110 questionnaires were applied to 191 students studying at the Department of Sociology at Adıyaman University, using at least one of the Facebook, Twitter, Instagram applications, and the collected data were recorded in SPSS and AMOS programs. The variables that are thought to constitute the concept of signifier self is determined through the social media usage practices of the youth, and the one-factor first-level model has been created and this model has been tested by applying confirmatory factor analysis on the variables. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45167 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45167 Selman ABLAK The 21st century has witnessed rapid changes and innovations. In this aspect, people are expected to make constant improvements and renewals to catch up with the era. In order to meet these needs and developments, new skills and knowledge are required. While acquiring these knowledge and skills, the influence of education becomes more evident since it helps individuals to get equipped with these skills. Today, almost every country aspires to have individual equipped with the 21st century skills. To fulfill this expectation, countries try to upskill individuals through education. Turkey has a similar expectation. Following from this, with the turn of the 21st century, equipping individuals with the 21st century skills, which can be regarded as a new dimension of skills training and which are of integral importance in Turkish education system, is becoming increasingly important. Determining the 21st century skills of preservice teachers is attracting considerable interest since they will be at the center of the school system as a part of education. This study attempts to determine the 21st century skills of prospective social studies teachers and evaluate them in terms of various variables. “Multidimensional 21st Century Skills Scale”, which was developed by Çevik and Şentürk (2019), has been used for data collection. SPSS package program has been used to analyze the data. As a result of the research, it has been concluded that the prospective social studies teachers, who have participated in the research, are equipped with the 21st century skills at “sufficient” and “very good” levels. Furthermore, it has been concluded that the years that prospective social studies teachers have spent during undergraduate education are effective in their acquisition of the 21st century skills. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=44098 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=44098 Ümit YILDIZGülsüm SERTOĞLU The purpose of this paper is to determine the self-efficacy perceptions of Turkish Language Teacher candidates towards teaching grammar in the context of Turkish language teaching as a native and foreign language. Data, in this descriptive study, have been collected through interview, which is one of the qualitative data collection methods. 80 Turkish language teacher candidates, which were studying Turkish Language Teaching (BA) from two state universities in Aegean and Mediterranean regions of Turkey in 2018-2019 educational year, have been formed the sample of this study. Data have been collected via structured written interview form from 80 teacher candidates decided through purposeful sample method. Collected data, investigated through content analysis method by researchers, have been evaluated in terms of Turkish language teacher candidates’ self-efficacy perceptions towards the processes of teaching grammar of Turkish as a native and foreign language comparatively. As a result, teacher candidates have stated that they felt themselves considerably sufficient about Turkish grammar and Turkish grammar courses at university have helped their mastery of grammar. When their junior and senior year Turkish grammar mastery has been analyzed comparatively, it has been seen that they felt confident at both levels. On the other hand, it has been determined that teacher candidates did not see themselves sufficient enough in teaching Turkish as a foreign language, although they did as a native language in terms of approaches, methods or techniques and their applications which are/can be used in teaching Turkish grammar. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=43517 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=43517 Kübra ÖZDEMİRKenan ŞEBİN Sports, which changes in terms of interaction and conditions in today's conditions, has been an indispensable tool throughout life in terms of revealing the talents of people and displaying the fighting spirit. It is an indispensable part of the sport that people evaluate their free time, protect their health, compete in accordance with the rules and watch them in top emotions in terms of excitement. The aim of this study was to examine the historical and international sport of curling process in Turkey. In the research, data were obtained by general screening and documentation method. Although Curling was played in Northern European countries, Scotland, which was played as its homeland in about 1500 years, it developed in time and spread to almost all countries by gaining the qualification of being an Olympic branch at the level of the World Championship and Winter Olympics in the International Arena. In the literature, curling sports is a branch of sports where intelligence and traditional methods are applied, which does not prevent the opponent from playing in the best way and includes 4 main and 1 substitute player. The aim of this game is expressed as a branch of sports with a traditional spirit based on honorable struggle on ice. While there are not many scientific studies about curling sport that is known and loved in our country as of 2009, the studies of the branch in the international arena have been examined and handled. As a result, information about Curling's becoming widespread in historical time, athletes' equipment and game place were evaluated. Thanks to the national and international competitions, it has been observed that the development of curling sport has been supported, this sport has increased the interest in the branch to cover all age groups and has spread worldwide, including our country. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45922 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45922 Kemal ŞAMLIOĞLU In a sense, man’s attachment to his nature means his attachment to his condition of existence. Because nature is the constitutive element of nature and points to the order of life at the cosmos level. Individual’s detachment from nature; It means breaking away from its nature and conditions of existence, losing its naturalness, becoming artificial and commoditized. Nature, which is the individual's own condition of existence, symbolizes the experience and thus historicity, that is, memory. Cengiz Aytmatov’s novel Mother Earth is an important novel that tells about man’s orientation to his nature, finding himself there and ensuring its continuity with the soil. The soil, which is the founding element of nature in the Turkish-Islamic tradition, is expressed in some traditional texts with the image of the mother. As the land is the land on which we live, the protective qualities of human beings are generally the home of society. The individual gaining identity with his mother means gaining his identity with the land of the society. The landless society is doomed to lose its identity and disappear from the stage of history. Soil acts as a root that gives man his identity. In this context, Aytmatov is a person who knows that a nation can survive with its roots. Therefore, Aytmatov’s aim is to direct the Turkish people to their land / nature to find themselves and keep their memory alive. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=44674 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=44674 Onur YILDIRIM Text linguistics is a discipline that deals with the text and examines the different connections of a sentence within itself and with other sentences. In addition, text linguistics argues that the sentence is not sufficiently alone meaningful in a narrative and that it completes its meaning as a result of some connections with other sentences. Because the text is not just a consecutive sequence of sentences. The text gives different meanings as a whole when all the sentences are considered. According to text linguistics, it is known that a correct and effective text should have cohesion, coherence, acceptability, intentionality, informativity, situationality and intertextuality. Of these criteria, cohesion and coherence are two very important elements for the text. Cohesion, is all of the language-related features that establish in-text relationships that make a text of a writing; is to explain basic semantic relationships through any piece of writing or speech that can function as text. Coherence is the meaning and logic relation between words when creating a text; is the logical link in the text. Cohesion is related to the structure of a text or grammatical, coherence its logic or meaning. The purpose of this study; is to reveal whether the text linguistically functional of Haldun Taner's story named "Neden Sonra…", which is one of the great story writers of Turkish literature, on the basis of cohesion and coherence, which is two important criteria of being an accurate and effective text. While the text linguistic view of the story about the communication conflicts caused by the love between the two people who agreed to go to the cinema is being given, anaphora, cataphora, substitution, ellipsis, conjuction elements, lexical cohesion under the title of cohesion; specialize, generalization, cause-effect, contrast and comparison are examined under the title of coherence. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=44222 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=44222 Mesut AYTEKİN Deniz OĞUZCAN In the digital age, it becomes harder to be passed on to generations. Technological and scientific developments affect not only every segment of the society but also children's games and toys. Traditional games and toys are replaced by digital games and industrially produced toys. In the past, playing with body strength games and hand-made toys are not known much now. Especially television, cinema and conditions have a great influence on the changing game culture. As a result of the time, the convergence and mobilization of these tools accelerated the changes in the culture of games and toys. In this review, the role of play and toy concepts in cinema was examined and the role played by the culture was reviewed. As a sample, the version of Rafadan Tayfa, published on the TRT Children's channel, adapted to the movie, Rafadan Tayfa: Dehliz Macerası was chosen. It is believed that the movie Dehliz Macerası serves the reproduction of culture with the story of the games and toys that exist in Turkish culture. Rafadan Tayfa Dehliz Macerası, which is the most watched animated film of Turkish Cinema in the year it entered the vision, was handled with the examination review and evaluated in terms of descriptive content analysis. The traditional Turkish games and toys in the movie were identified and their contribution to the reproduction of culture was discussed. It is concluded that the games and toys in the movie contribute to the reproduction of the culture by giving children the opportunity to get to know their own culture. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=42787 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=42787 Muhammet Ali SAĞLAM Rural as a fundamental problem field of the Turkish economic thought has been frequently treated under the hegemonic discourse of modernization beginning with the late Ottoman Period till Early Republican Period. The problem fields related with the rural such as property inequality, mechanisation in agriculture, productivity, debt-making mechanisms, and usury were frequently becoming a point of order within the parameteres of this perspective which expresses a continuity in thinking. Turkey, which was caught to the 1929 crisis in its earlier phases of capitalist development, invited to the forefront intellectuals in order to formulate policies in line with state inteventionism/state capitalism to the increasingly chronic economic crisis effectinng not only rural classes but larger stratas of the society. Kadro movements with Peker, İnönü, Ağaoğlu, Başar and Bayar gave response to this invitation and through a journal formulate ideas to state elites about various aspects of society including rural problems. This study analyses how Kadro writers dealt with the problem areas of rural life within the framework of developmentalist discourse. In this context, the study tries to clarify how the problem fields mentioned above was engaged with the analysis of the functioning periodical/mental framework. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=42715 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=42715 Umut BAŞAR In the work of Risale-yi Tekellüm, which was addressed in this study, it was understood that the sentences used in common cases like home, work, shopping, etc. are given in Turkish – Persian versions to enable someone who don’t speak any Turkish to meet their daily requirements especially when they travel to Turkey. It is seen that some Turkish adjectives and Turkish numbers are added to the end of the work. In this aspect, it is possible to point out that the work is compatible with the grammar – translation method, one of the foreign language teaching methods. Within this framework, the aim of the study is to examine the manuscript Risale-yi Tekellüm, which was written in 1879 for Persian people who do not speak Turkish, in terms of foreign language teaching principles and methods. In the study, document analysis has been implemented as a quantitative method. The text was broadly examined in the light of foreign language teaching principles and methods. In addition, the way that the author had pursued while teaching Turkish as a foreign language was discovered. It was determined that the author implemented the grammar translation method while teaching Turkish, applying the question-answer technique effectively, and took into account the cultural dimension of the target language. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=42895 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=42895 Muhammet Cevat ACARMuhammed Said ÜNVERDİ The aim of this study is to examine the level of self-confidence of religious officials in terms of some variables. Relational screening model was used in the study. The Self-Confidence Scale, which was developed by Akın (2007) and consists of two sub-dimensions, was used to determine the self-confidence levels of religious officials. While determining the sample group, purposeful and random sampling methods were used and 262 religious officials working in the province of Mardin were reached in this way. In accordance with the research purposes, t test and One Way Variance Analysis tests were used. According to the results of the research, the average self-confidence level of religious officials was determined. Another result obtained in the study is that religious officials do not cause a significant difference in their gender, age, marital status and educational status. The positions of religious officials are external self-confidence; Memory states, internal self-confidence, and health states also led to a significant differentiation on general self-confidence levels. The self-confidence levels of religious officials who value them are also significantly higher than others. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=24948 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=24948 Yasin BEYAZ Many important names of Turkish Literature have resided in Syria and Palestine for various reasons and have written their impressions about these places. Ahmet Rasim is also one of them. Ahmet Rasim has travelled to Syrian and the Palestinian territories three times. The first one was the visit of German Emperor Wilhelm II to Syria and Jerusalem in 1898. The second one was in 1904 when he was sent to the region to follow the opening of the Damascus-Maan railway line. The third one was in 1914 when Raid on the Suez Canal occurred. Ahmet Rasim has published his impressions regarding his travels in newspapers and magazines such as Servet, Tasfir-i Efkâr, İkdâm, Sabah, Resimli Persembe, and Donanma Mecmuası and on the books which are called Muharrir Bu Ya and Menâkıb-ı İslam. In this article, author’s ideas about the region, Cemal Pasha, Islamic Unity, Arabs and the army will be covered based on his memories and letters that he wrote in newspapers, magazines and books which we mentioned above about Syria and Palestine. Ahmet Rasim has written them in addition to his memories later after the events occurred and actually he has expressed his real feelings in these writings. In this study, the differences in the author's memories and the reasons will be discussed. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=46395 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=46395 Yaşar KAYA Economic sociology has been used as a concept since 1879. Economics sociology, which requires looking at the economic events from the perspective of the sociology discipline, has been one of the important topics of sociology in the process starting with the evaluations of Weber and Durkheim. Economic sociology is not a field that almost every sociologist deal with, such as social change, social structure, inequality and social differentiation, but it is the intersection of sociology and economics. Changes in economic policies and practices affect the reputation of economic sociology. The policy changes implemented after the 1980s have increased the importance of economic sociology. In this period, traditional boundaries separating economics and sociology began to be redefined. The most important difficulty of economic sociology is the excess of sociological approaches compared to economic policies. One of the ways to overcome this difficulty is to define human and those related to human. In this study, the human depiction of social sciences was re-evaluated, the relationship between people's actions and structure was questioned. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=39345 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=39345 Nurten KİRİŞ YILMAZMuhammed KARAMOLLA Enlightenment is one of the important stages in the history of thought. Enlightenment ideal confronts religious conception, mythology and superstitions, while having an unwavering confidence in human, reason and experience. The progress in technology and natural sciences in the modern age is undoubtedly the result of this value given to reason and facts. But does progress in these areas show that we are also moving forward morally? Adorno and Horkheimer will answer this question as "no". According to them, the Enlightenment, which took place in the form of a dialectical historical process, has existed in every period of history and when it reaches its peak, it turns into a myth again. According to Adorno and Horkheimer, the aim of the Enlightenment, which represents a progressive ideal from the very beginning, has been to eliminate myths, remove the magic of the world, and save humanity from fear and make them masters. But at the point where this process came, the Enlightenment harmed itself and humanity was condemned to a new kind of barbarism instead of advancing. Reason, previously a critical force in its own right, was reduced to instrumentality and began to serve the preservation of the status quo. Thought is now such a tool that it has lost its objective basis to prevent it from turning to the bad and destructive instead of the good and the right. Because of the obsession with openness and simplicity that arise in philosophy, speculative thinking (capable of criticizing the dominant way of thinking) eats the label of verbal. The positivist understanding in the modern period denies any thought that cannot be transformed into quantitative expressions by pasting a literature label. The objects of thought have been reduced to matter, leaving aside quality and meaning, quantity and benefit have begun to be respected. In this study, it is aimed to examine the criticism of Enlightenment made by the two philosophers of the Frankfurt School in the context of instrumental reason and to reveal the aspects of the criticism that are not accurate to us. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45294 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45294 N. Gamze ILICAK Turkish bath (hammam) is a world of its own, a structure where privacy and socialization take place. Marble columns, engraved washbowls, hot springs and light beaming from domes create a dreamy and magical universe for the visitors. Hammam is a world in a universe. It is a place where material and spiritual purification occurs, and a home to supernatural beings. Interpersonal relationships are established in a hammam, people socialize, social stratification is exposed, plots and conspiracies take place there. Hammam means folk medicine. It exposes the rituals of the transition period. Hammam is a world that finds a role for itself in various disciplines including music, art, miniature, sculpture, movie, art and communication science. Turkish baths are in literature, fine arts, economy, actually everywhere concerning life. Turkish bath’s reflections in different disciplines should be discussed. Turkish bath has been a source of inspiration for folk songs, poems, rhymes, fairy tales, many works of anonymous literature. Turkish baths seen in almost every product of anonymous folk literature are examined regarding “the relationship between Turkish bath and legend” in this study. Turkish baths are mostly seen in studies on genres like tales. It could be interpreted that the place of Turkish bath in different types of anonymous literature is worth examination. In this study, the importance of Turkish bath as a cultural value and its reflections in different literary genres were addressed. The review method, one of the qualitative research models was used in the study. The data obtained after the document review were evaluated with “descriptive analyses”. Moreover, “20 narratives concerning Turkish baths” among 150 narratives examined were included in the study and an observation was presented. The study is important in terms of revealing the relationship between Turkish baths and the legends. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=46189 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=46189 Eylem BEYAZITUmut Seren YARIM Housing is a basic need recognized as a human right in many national constitutions and international declarations, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Access to good quality affordable housing is essential to achieve broad social policy objectives, including the fight against poverty and the strengthening of equal opportunities, fair sharing and social inclusion as well as living in well-being and health. The housing, which still exists as a problem area in terms of right to life and property right, is a working area that must be closely monitored with different country and different regime experiences. The guidance of different experiences in terms of approach to the problem and solution reveals the impossibility of being able to reach a conclusion through a single solution. This study discusses current typologies and approaches in the context of comparative housing policies through experience and classifications in welfare state and policies. Undoubtedly, it is understood that the role of the State is increasing day by day to solve the problem of individuals in access to housing. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45372 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45372 Arzu ERSÖZ TÜĞENM. Ali ÖZDEMİR In this study, the effects of physical geography characteristics of Merkezefendi and Pamukkale districts within the administrative borders of Denizli province are discussed. The most important factor that influences the choice of residential areas where people live and draws the boundaries of the settlement is physical geography elements. The geological and geomorphological factors, soil characteristics, climatic conditions, vegetation, hydrographic features included in these elements constitute the infrastructure of sustainable urbanization. As of 2018, physical geography elements were effective in the distribution of the settlement in the central districts where 62% of the city of Denizli lived. Therefore, the field research was done and the data of the districts were obtained from public institutions, and the data obtained were mapped in GIS environment and extensive literature research was conducted. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45792 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=45792 Mesut KASAP The purpose of this research is to determine the technological leadership characteristics of service managers. In the research, relational scanning model, one of the quantitative research models, was used. Service managers working in the Marmara Region constitute the universe of the research. The sample group of the study consists of service managers working in a public institution of a province in the Marmara Region. "Technology Leadership Competencies Scale of Educational Managers" was used in the study. Explanatory factor analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, t-test and ANOVA statistical analyzes were performed on the data obtained in the study. It is observed that the majority of service managers participating in the study received in-service training on technology. Service managers see themselves as visionary leaders. Service managers state that they are doing the necessary work to ensure the continuous development of the school in the field of technology. There is a significant difference between visionary leadership, digital age learning culture, excellence in professional development, systematic development and digital citizenship factors in the technological leadership scale and the gender of service managers, whether they receive in-service training or not, their professional seniority and fields (being classroom teachers and branch teachers). 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=44778 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=44778 Songül ULUTAŞ Towards the end of 19th century, gas was an important energy source in the Ottoman geography, as in the whole world. Gas and other flammable products most of which were imported from abroad especially during the Balkan Wars and afterwards, and companies that provided these products occupied an important place on the country’s agenda. Large petroleum companies that imported gas and other flammable products, sought to build warehouses and pools especially in Istanbul to store and stack gas and other flammable products. Thus they would have own property in various parts of the country, especially in Istanbul. An American company the Standard Oil of New York requested a concession to bring oil to Istanbul and build warehouses and pools to protect the oil it brought, regarding the right to make warehouses to protect their own goods, which were given to the merchants by the 1906 Gas Tanks Regulation. However the Ottoman Empire was not in favor of giving the concession of flammable products such as gas and oil to foreign companies in this process with the influence of the national economic view. Another reason for the government’s rejection of this concession request was that the concession period for the gas tanks in Cubuklu, which the company especially wanted, was not over yet. Concessionaire Sami Bey, a member of the Shura-i Devlet, marked this process by a series of events that take place between the Istanbul Şehremaneti would take over the management of the warehouses at the end of the concession period, and Standard Oil Company. With the Balkan Wars that erupted in the same period, the shortage of energy resources, especially gas, brought to the agenda in many parts of the country and especially in Istanbul. This need increased day by day and gas import and warehouse construction by foreign companies became essential on the eve of the First World War. At this point, the American Company Standart Oil, which continued its activities in the country, engaged in many parts of the country, especially in Istanbul, to meet its gas needs. The aim of this study is to address the problem of gas tanks in Istanbul while revealing the relationship established by Standart Oil Company with the Ottoman Government in the light of the Ottoman Archive Documents, which is the primary source of the subject. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=44087 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=44087 Metin YILDIZAbdurrahman KIRTEPE, Since Turkey is located in earthquake zone and is often exposed to frequent earthquake disasters and suffers great destructions, it makes the need for institutions related to disaster management and qualified human resources important before and after disaster. The aim of this study is to examine the post-disaster activities of youth centers, affiliated to the ministry of youth sports and to present their results and suggestions after the earthquake in Van on October 23, 2011 and the earthquake disaster in Elazığ on January 24,2020. Document scanning was applied in this study. As a result; it is seen that integrated, systematic and detailed disaster management plans are required for the post-disaster planning of youth centers and employees of youth center are required to receive psycho-social training at certain times of the year. While planning youth centers, it should also be considered for disaster service and when the youth centers are often exposed to disaster for a country like Turkey, believed to be used for the disaster of investments to be made, also it is likely that the training given to youth center employees will be efficient in many respects. The results are expected to provide a guiding contribution to those in our country’s management structure. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=43358 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=43358 Hüseyin KUTBAY In the study, the effects of financial burdens (taxes and social security contribution) on income distribution inequality were investigated by using panel data analysis method, using data from 2004 to 2017 belonging to 17 OECD countries, whose data can be accessed regularly. In the study, the Gini coefficient representing the income distribution inequality as the dependent variable, and the taxes on goods and services, personal income tax, taxes on corporate income, taxes on property and social security contributions are used as independent variables. Since the model established for selected OECD countries does not have a horizontal cross-section dependency, the existence of the unit root in the variables was investigated with Levin, Lin & Chu (2002) and Hadri (2000) tests. Afterwards, it was decided to apply the fixed effect model as a result of the F, LR and Hausmann tests. Since variance and autocorrelation were detected in the model, the analysis was estimated by Arellano (1987), Froot (1989) and Rogers (1993) test. As a result of the study, the effect of taxes on goods and services on income distribution inequality was found to be positive and statistically significant, whereas the effect of income and corporate tax and social security contributions on income distribution inequality was found to be negative and statistically significant. Accordingly, it has been determined that indirect financial burdens increase income distribution inequality and direct financial burdens decrease income distribution inequality. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=43307 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=43307 Galip Afşin RAVANOĞLU Dış ticaret ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki iktisat literatürünün en eski konularından biri konumundadır ve halen güncel olarak araştırılmaktadır. Dış ticaretin ekonomik büyümeyi nasıl etkilediği yönünde iki farklı görüş bulunmaktadır. Sırasıyla bu görüşler İthalata dayalı büyüme hipotezinde, ithalatın ekonomik büyümeyi dolaylı bir şekilde olumlu etkilediği, ihracata dayalı hipotezde ise, ekonomik büyümeye paralel olarak ülkenin üretim kapasitesinin artması ve girdi ihtiyacının artması nedeniyle daha fazla sermaye ve ara mal ihraç edilerek, böylece ihracat artmaktadır. 1991 yılında Sovyetler Birliğinin dağılmasıyla birlikte bağımsızlığa kavuşan ülkeler, hızlı bir şekilde liberal ekonomiye uyum sağlamak zorunda kalmışlardır. Ekonomik yapıları farklı olan bu ülkeler daha çok doğrudan yabancı yatırım çekerek ve ihracatlarını arttırarak ekonomik büyümelerini hızlandırmaya çalışmışlardır. Avrasya Ekonomik Birliğine üye olan Belarus, Kazakistan, Kırgızistan, Ermenistan ve Rusya ülkelerinin 1995-2018 yıllarına ait verileriyle panel veri analizi yöntemiyle kurulan modelde doğrudan yabancı yatırım, ihracat ve ithalat değişkenleri istatistiksel olarak gayrisafi yurtiçi hasılanın üzerinde anlamlı etkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Bunlar arasında ithalat ve ihracat değişkenlerinin etkisi pozitif, doğrudan yabancı yatırım ise negatif etkili olarak tahmin edilmiştir. İhracat, ithalat ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımlardaki bir birimlik artış karşısında GSYİH sırasıyla 2.3810, 0.1114 ve -1.3789 birimlik değişikliğe neden olmaktadır. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=42873 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=42873 Duygu ÖZAKIN The purpose of this paper focusing primarily on recent theories of the body is to review liquidation operations known as the Great Purge in the history of Soviet Union and carried out by Stalin’s initiative from 1936 to 1938. The organic theory of the state is based on “the body politic” metaphor, which asserts that while the leader constitutes the head and immortal sublime body; his citizens constitute other organs and small mortal bodies. In the case of the Soviet Union, the organic understanding of the state is integrated with the strategy of removing diseases and viruses from the body politic. Consequently, many intellectuals, artists and writers found themselves in prisons, places of exile and forced-labor camps (Gulag) through the purge. In the oeuvre of Varlam Shalamov, one of the camp prose writers of Soviet era, the prisoners and the victims of the purge are depicted as using phrases “pulp, feces, remnant, slag, waste, garbage” that imply dirt and outcast. In this study, the legitimizing mechanisms behind the The Great Purge and its traces in Shalamov's literature will be examined through the historical analysis method referring contemporary theories of the body by Bauman, Vigarello, Kristeva and Douglas, that inquire the dicotomies of “clean and dirty”, “ore and slag”. 2024-08-29