Tarih Okulu Dergisi, Year 2020 Issue XLIX

Tarihî’ ve ‘Tarihsel’ Kavramları Çerçevesinde Türkiye’deki Tarih Bilincinin Kökenleri

Sedat KANAT — 2024-08-29

Bu makalenin amacı Tarihle günlük yaşantı arasındaki bağlantıları göstermektir. Bu bağlantılar, bizim gibi zengin bir geçmişin mirasçısı olan ülke için son derece değerlidir. Bu kıymetli alanı değerlendirmenin ön şartı ise onu, tarihsel (historical) yani yaşanmış ve bitmiş konumundan alıp, tarihî (historic) yani günümüzle ‘hâlâ’ irtibatlı konuma taşımaktır. Böylece bu çalışmada Tarihin, jenetik yani şimdiyi mazi ile izah etme yönü ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Şimdi/şu anda sahip olduğumuz Tarih bilincimizin kökenlerinin, farkında olmadığımız veya farkında olup da üzerinde yeterince düşünmediğimiz kısımlarının kültürel bağlamda ortaya serilmesi, bu yaklaşımın sonucudur. Örneğin bir müzik parçasını dinlerken sadece onun o andaki tınısı, ritmi, sözleri vs. üzerinde yoğunlaşırız. Müziğin kültürümüzdeki yolculuğu aklımıza gelmez. Bu durum, aslında, onun en merak edilmesi gereken yönüdür. İşte tam bu merak noktası, her anımızda etkin hale getirilecek olan ‘Tarih Bilinci’nin tekrar tekrar devreye gireceği ve geliştirilmeye devam edeceği yer olacaktır. Bu merak noktası, Tarih denilince aklımıza gelen klişe ve ön yargılardan bizleri kurtaracak ve ona geniş bir vizyonla bakmamızı sağlayabilecektir.

Hüseyin Celal Yardımcı in Trials of YASSIADA

Esma TORUN ÇELİK — 2024-08-29

Celal Yardımcı set his heart on the newly established Democrat Party as the dauntless lawyer of the political cases in the first years of the multi-party system. He served as a deputy in the Turkish Grand National Assembly between 1950 and 1960. During this period, he served as Deputy Chairman of the Parliament, the Minister of State, the Minister of Education and the Minister of Justice. Yardımcı was arrested in the course of the coup on 27 May 1960 and was tried in Yassıada. During the trial, which started on 14 October 1960, he was charged with offences against the Constitution such as Istanbul and Ankara Incidents, the Radio Trial, declaration of Kırşehir a district, seizure of RPP properties, abrogation of the independence of the judiciary and the courts, and formation of the Committee of Inquest. Along with the defence of lawyers, he defended himself successfully at the court as an accomplished lawyer and stood behind the actions of his party. Despite the humiliating attitude of the prosecutor and the chief judge at times, he did not hesitate to mention the unlawful practices that took place during trials. At the end of a 203-day-trial, he was sentenced to life imprisonment and sent to Kayseri Prison. Yardımcı was released in 1965 due to health issues. In this study, official reports of the Yassıada courts and of the The Grand National Assembly of Turkey, periodicals, research works and memoirs were used as well as documents taken from the archive. The study which we try to examine the trial process of Ağrı Deputy Celal Yardımcı in the Yassıada courts is a qualitative study. Analysis and comparison were adopted as methods in our work. In the introduction, political developments from the foundation of the republic to military coup in 1960, transition attempts to multiple party system, democracy efforts after World War II and years of government of the Democrat Party were briefly evaluated. After the biography of Yardımcı until the military coup was examined, the trial process was discussed through the minutes of Yassıada hearings. In this study, political and juridical dimensions of the trials made in Yassıada after the military coup will also be examined through Yardımcı.

Investigation of The Relationship Between Social Studies and Secondary School Students Actual Lifes

Fatma TORUN — 2024-08-29

There are 7 themes, 27 skills, 18 values and a total of 131 gains between 4-7th grades in the social studies curriculum updated in 2017. To achieve the social studies curriculum’ purpose, students are expected to learn the content, skills, values and gains at the end of the seventh grade. In this context, students should be able to relate the knowledge, skills and values they have learned in social studies with their actual lifes. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between students' actual life and social studies. Document analysis, one of the qualitative research approaches, was used in this study. The research study group is consists of 12 volunteer seventh grade students who attending a public school in the central district of Adıyaman in the 2018-2019 school year. Data were collected using student diaries. Descriptive and content analysis were used to analyze the diaries collected within the scope of the research. In the study, the social studies themes, values and skills were determined as themes. As a result of the findings, it has been determined that the students mostly establish a relationship between the content of called the People, Places and Environments theme and their actual lifes. In addition, when the student diaries were examined, it was found that the students established more relationships between responsibility from the values in the program, and digital literacy and media literacy with their actual lifes. In addition, when the student diaries were examined, it was revealed that the students established a greater relationship between the responsibility value and their actual lifes. As for the skills, it was revealed that they establish more relationships between digital literacy and media literacy and their actual lifes.

Orta Asya'yı Anlamak: Tarihsel Perspektif Çerçevesinde Milletler Politikası ve Yaşanan Dönüşümler

Kaan DİYARBAKIRLIOĞLU — 2024-08-29

Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği’nin dağılışının ardından, Rusya’nın günümüzde dahi “arka bahçesi” olarak adlandırılan Orta Asya Cumhuriyetleri hakkında literatürde var olan “Bağımsızlıklarını nasıl kazandılar?” söylemi hala etkisini sürdürmektedir. Çalışmada, söz konusu söylemden yola çıkılarak, 1980’lerin sonu itibariyle, üç cumhuriyetin topraklarında meydana gelen ayaklanmalar çerçevesinde Sovyetler Birliği’nin dağılma sürecine değinilmiştir. Sonrasında yeni sisteme entegre olmak isteyen cumhuriyetlerin uyguladığı politikalar bütüncül şekilde analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca 3 Türki Cumhuriyet’in De- Sovyetizasyon ve De-Rusifikasyon çerçevesinde izledikleri siyasetle yeni ulus inşa süreci irdelenerek bağımsızlıklarının ardından söz konusu cumhuriyetler tarafından bağımsızlığa bir kutsiyet atfedilse de tüm bu süreçler incelendiğinde bağımsızlık sonrası sürece ilişkin yaşananlar söylemler ile güçlendirilmeye çalışılacaktır. Çalışmada yapılan analizler ile bu bağımsızlık dalgasını daha anlamlı bir hale getirmeyi planlamaktadır. Dil politikaları başta olmak üzere ulus inşa sürecinde uygulanan kültür politikalarına yönelik karşılaştırmalı bir bakış geliştirmeyi amaçlayan çalışma buna ilaveten Türki Cumhuriyetlerin bağımsızlığı hakkında literatürde dağınık halde bulunan konuları bir araya getirilmesi sebebiyle özgün bir nitelik taşımakta ve okuyucuya bu konuda yeni bir perspektif katmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Ottoman Muslim Mercants and Internal Trade in Galata (1600-1650)

Metin Ziya KÖSE — 2024-08-29

In this study, the place and importance of Muslim merchants in Galata between 1600-1650 will be discussed. Based on the records in the Galata court books, the focus will be on the initiatives of Muslim merchants, how they are organized, in which areas they specialize, with whom and where they are in contact. The main purpose is to reveal the importance of Ottoman domestic trade and to approach the activities of the Muslim merchants who took part in this trade from different angles. Another goal is to help domestic trade and Muslim traders (such as non-Muslim and European traders) to find a greater place in Ottoman economic history studies. Thus, it is to make a small contribution to the studies on domestic trade in the Ottoman Empire. Finally, since the court records contain data to be numerical and comparative analysis, there is also a goal to guide the studies to be carried out with this purpose. Since there is an intention to make visible the high availability of the available data in terms of the subject of the article, the method of the study has been adopted to explain the contents of primary sources more. The main problem of this article is "What was the place of Ottoman Muslim merchants in domestic trade in Galata?". While trying to find an answer to the question, it will answer the following questions in line with the intention mentioned above: Does Galata, one of the main centers of international trade, also have a distinct quality in terms of domestic trade? What is the nature of the commercial transactions of Muslim merchants in Galata? Which commercial elements did the merchants benefit from in accordance with the conditions of the period? Do merchants have a specific organizational cycle? What has been the effect and contribution of these traders in the commodity exchange, except for supplying food to Istanbul? Finally, what were the reflections of domestic trade in Galata?

Internal Migrations in Ağri Province in the Republic Period

Sevda BAYRAM — 2024-08-29

The migration movement takes place with the belief that a need that cannot be met or that is thought to be unmet will be reached at the target place. Although a different need to recline during the republican period in Turkey has saved its topicality migration, albeit at different speeds. In this study, the population movements experienced during the republic period in Ağrı, which is one of the most immigrating provinces of Eastern Anatolia, which is one of the regions with the highest immigration, has been examined. The migration took place between the towns and villages of the purpose of the study and Ağrı province as well as to uncover the causes of migration that occurs between other cities of Turkey with pain province is to identify the most intensive migration direction and reach the immigration consequences. While preparing the study, the census results documents prepared by the DİE since 1927 and the publications based on immigration, the population and migration data of TÜİK, the Presidential Republic Archive data, the local and foreign publications written on the phenomenon of immigration were analyzed and important data were obtained. The appropriate data were converted into tables, graphics and maps. In addition to document analysis, interviews were conducted with individuals who migrated from villages and districts in Ağrı. Analyzes were made in the light of all the information, documents and documents obtained and the result was reached.

Reflections to the Local Press of the 1954 General Elections in the Province of Ağrı

Sinan DEMİRAĞ — 2024-08-29

The fact that the Democrat Party (DP) came to power in the General Elections held on 14 May 1950, constitutes an important milestone in the Political History of Turkey. In recent years, political relations have started to be analyzed in terms of local elements while studies concerning this period were generally performed in the upper political segment. Such researches are of great importance in terms of evaluating the effects of the local public opinion on the upper political segment. In this period, the necessity of reaching the local public opinion has increased even more in the strategies of political parties to gain power according to the single-level election system. The intensive use of local media as the main tool for regional effectiveness is frequently seen in the press activities of the period. The purpose of this study is to examine the developments that took place before the 1954 Deputy General Elections, in the context of the propaganda periods and election results according to the "Karaköse" and "Yayla" newspapers published in Ağrı. Thus, it was tried to determine the environment in which the 1954 Deputy General Elections took place in Ağrı and its importance for the history of democracy. In addition to the data obtained from the local press, this article prepared by using research and analysis studies has been prepared with document analysis technique as a product of a qualitative study.

Cebel-i Bereket Türk Ocağı and Its Building (1925-1941)

Mikail KOLUTEK — 2024-08-29

Those who gathered around the idea of Turkism in the freedom environment that emerged with the proclamation of the 2nd Constitutional Monarchy established the Türk Ocakları in 1912. Türk Ocakları, which were rapidly organized in many parts of Anatolia, also had a branch in Cebel-i Bereket Province in 1925. The building used by Cebel-i Bereket Türk Ocakları was built in 1925 and served this establishment until 1931. With the closure of the Türk Ocakları in 1931, the activities of the Cebel-i Bereket Türk Ocağı were ended also. The building, whose ownership passed to CHF, was used by the party after 1931. How the Cebel-i Bereket Türk Ocağı building was used between 1925-1941 and the changes that occurred have been the aim of the study. Archive documents, copyrights and study Works written about Türk Ocakları constituted the sources of the study.

Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Stem Eğitimine İlişkin Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi

Muhammed ZİNCİRLİMustafa UĞRAŞ — 2024-08-29

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sınıf öğretmenlerinin STEM eğitimine ilişkin görüşlerini belirlemektir. Çalışma grubu Elazığ'da görev yapan 20 sınıf öğretmeninden (13 kadın, 7 erkek) oluşmaktadır. Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemleri kapsamında yer alan fenomenoloji yöntemi ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Tüm öğretmenler STEM eğitiminin okul öncesi eğitim sırasında başlatılması gerektiğini önermiştir. STEM eğitiminin öğrencilerin yaratıcılığını, 21. yüzyıl becerilerini, motivasyonunu artıracak, bilime karşı olumlu tutumlar geliştirecek ve anlamlı öğrenmeyi sağlayacak çeşitli faydalar sağlayacağını belirtmişlerdir. Ancak çoğu öğretmenin STEM eğitimini uygulayamayacaklarını düşündükleri belirlenmiştir. Sınıf öğretmenleri, disiplinlerarası bilgi eksikliği, hizmet içi eğitim eksikliği, eğitim sürecinde disiplin sorunları, zaman eksikliği, branş öğretmenleri ile işbirliği yapamama ve materyal eksikliği nedeniyle STEM eğitiminin uygulanmasında sorun yaşayacaklarını ifade etmişlerdir. Katılımcı öğretmenlere uygulanan eğitim programı sonucunda, fen ve mühendisliği daha iyi anlamalarına yönelik görüşlerinde bir değişim olduğu ve disiplinlerarası eğitimin önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir.

The Impact of Using Material in Instruction of Tourist Values on Academic Success

Abdullah GÖKDEMİRNusret KOCA ,İlhan KULACA — 2024-08-29

The aim of the study is to determine the effect of material use in classroom on students' academic achievement in the instruction of touristic values. As the aim of the study was to determine the effect of the material assisted teaching, which is the independent variable on student achievement, which is the dependent variable, a quasi-experimental model of quantitative research methods was used. The study group consisted of 52 fifth grade students attending a state secondary school in the Köşk district of Aydın in the 2018-2019 academic year. The data of the study were collected by an achievement test prepared by taking into account the questions related to the subject from the Public Boarding and Scholarship Exam held for fifth graders between 2004 and 2018. Before starting the application process and at the end of the process, the achievement test was applied as a pre-test and a post-test. In the application process, the students in the experimental group were instructed by using material-supported instruction in accordance with the outcomes determined, and the students in the control group using the method of direct instruction. The Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank test, which are among the non-parametric analyzes, were used to analyze the data. As a result of the research, it was revealed that there was a significant difference between the average of the post-test success scores of the experimental group in which material-supported teaching was applied in the teaching of tourism values and the control group where the traditional direct instruction method was applied.

The Effect of Story Mapping Method Used with Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) Technique in Turkish Language Course on Reading Comprehension Skill and Attitude

Mehmet Nuri GÖMLEKSİZEbru BOZPOLAT — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of story mapping method used with cooperative integrated reading and composition (CIRC) technique in Turkish Language course on developing reading comprehension skill and on attitudes towards Turkish Language course. In research, experimental design with pretest-posttest control group was preferred. The research was administered on 5th grade students enrolled at Behrampaşa Primary School in 2011- 2012 academic year in Sivas city center. The study includes one experimental and one control group. Experimental group included 36 students while control group included 30 students. Experimental group used story mapping method supported with CIRC technique while control group used traditional method. Data of the study were collected by using achievement test, developed by the researchers and the ‘Attitude Scale towards Turkish Language Course (ASTLC)’ developed by Acat (2000). Frequency, percentage, paired groups t test, independent groups t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the data. Study results revealed that experimental group students, who used story mapping method used with CIRC technique achieved more than control group students, who used traditional method. Story mapping method used with CIRC technique has had a positive effect on experimental group students’ attitudes towards Turkish Language course while no significant difference was determined in control group students’ attitudes. The post-attitude scores of students in experimental group were higher than those in control group.

Determining the Perception and Roles of Teachers towards Literacy Courses Open in Primary Schools within the Scope of Adult Education

Fatih Mutlu ÖZBİLENSalih Zeki GENÇ — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this research is to determine the perceptions and roles of teachers towards literacy courses opened in primary schools within the scope of adult education. The study group of the research, which is qualitative and conducted according to the phenomenological pattern, consisted of 10 teachers who took part as instructor in the literacy courses opened for adults within the scope of non-formal education in 5 primary schools in Esenyurt, district of Istanbul province in the first semester of the 2019-2020 academic year. Homogenous sampling, one of the purposeful sampling types was used to determine the schools in the suburbs of Esenyurt district and among the teachers who took part in the adult education literacy courses opened in these schools, those who voluntarily participated in the research were determined according to the criterion sampling method. The data were collected by the first researcher in December 2019 through face-to-face interviews with the teachers, and the interviews were recorded with the cell phone’s voice recorder program. Afterwards, the recorded data were written down using Microsoft Word program and analyzed by the researchers using the content analysis technique. In this process, each question was evaluated independently from each other and the research findings were given by creating common themes, categories and codes in line with the opinions of the teachers. According to the findings of the study, most of the teachers define adult education as the education received by people who cannot benefit from any formal education institution within the normal education-training age. In addition, according to teachers, trainees mostly attend courses in order to facilitate their daily lives, to meet workplace expectations and to gain awareness. Moreover, according to teachers, trainees mostly attend courses in order to facilitate their daily lives, to meet workplace expectations and to gain awareness. In addition, the teachers have stated that they generally find the teaching resources used in the courses and the assessment and evaluation process insufficient, but they find themselves sufficient in the course process. Other results are that teachers generally have the role of educator/instructor in courses, the courses should be expanded, various teaching methods and techniques are used in the courses and some important motivational practices are implemented.

The Effect of the Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning Environment on the Elimination of Concept Mistakes; Example Force and Energy Unit

Hatice GÜLMEZ GÜNGÖRMEZAbuzer AKGÜN — 2024-08-29

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of Nature of Science activities, that are included in progress oriented guided inquiry learning on the elimination of misconceptions of middle school 7th grade students regarding the 2 sub-subjects in the “Force and Energy” unit. In the study, pretest-posttest control group model, which is one of the experimental research methods, was used. The study group of the study consisted of 60 students, 30 of whom were experimental and 30 were control group, studying in a public secondary school in Adıyaman. In collecting the data, worksheets prepared for the sub-topics "Mass and Weight Relationship" and "Force-Solid Pressure Relationship" in the Force and Energy Unit were used. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistical method. After the analysis of the worksheets was completed, interviews were made with 2 students in the randomly selected experimental group in order to examine the answers given by the students in more detail. According to the research findings, it was seen that students in both experimental and control groups had some common misconceptions in the “Force and Energy” unit. According to the results obtained from the findings of the study, it was seen that the natural science activities included in the process-oriented guided inquiry learning environment used during conducting of the lessons in the experimental group were more effective in eliminating the students' misconceptions. According to this result, it is suggested that using the SORSÖ method as a "method" to overcome misconceptions in the Force and Energy unit in the Science course may be useful.

Examination of Computer Game Dependency Levels of Primary School Students within the Respect of Various Variables

İrem ŞAHİN ÖZTÜRKOsman DALAMAN — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to examine the level of computer game dependency in primary school third grade students in terms of various variables. This study is a descriptive study using a scanning model. The study was carried out with 137 primary school third grade students studying at two private schools in Konya Selcuklu. Within the scope of research, personal information form and “Computer Game Dependency Scale” was used as data collecting tool. SPSS 23 package program was used for the analysis of datas. A sort of descriptive statistics and parametric tests; independent samples t test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis were used as data analysis methods. At the findings, significant differences were found between the computer game dependency levels of students according to their gender, mothers' educational level and school variable. The computer game dependency scores of students who use the computer for gaming purposes are higher than those who use the computer for other purposes; It is seen that the majority of students use the computer at home, between 30 minutes and 1 hour. It is also among the findings of the research that the computer game dependency score is directly proportional to the duration of computer use.

Combining Role of Education: Turkish People and Ideological Education

Yavuz Ercan GÜL — 2024-08-29

In this study, it is aimed to investigate the educational activities of Turkish republics before the USSR, after the USSR and during the Bologna process. For this reason, the unity activities of Turkish peoples in pre-USSR education, Education systems of the USSR period and the education systems of Turkish states in the context of Bologna Process were investigated. In addition, the concepts of the Soviet Citizen and the European Citizen targeted by the Bologna Process, which are planned to be trained with the political education of the USSR, are discussed based on the literature. Today, there is a need for Turkish citizens who have grown up with their own values instead of Soviet Citizens, European Citizens. Especially in the face of the cultures of the big states spread by globalization and information and communication technologies, the survival of the fragmented Turkish states without losing their culture depends on this. This study is important in creating a common Turkish culture and transferring it to future generations. Preparing common textbooks in fields such as history and literature is important in terms of carrying national consciousness to the public. In this context, at the end of the research, it can contribute to a possible future Turkish unity; Some suggestions such as the preparation of a higher education system according to the values and beliefs of the Turkish peoples, which will include all Turkish republics in higher education, have been included.

Investigation of Scientific Process Skills of 6th Year Students with Learning Disabilities

ZENNURE ABDUSSELAM Bilge GÖK — 2024-08-29

In this study, it was aimed to reveal the situation of students with learning disabilities in terms of science process skills. In the research, scanning method, one of the quantitative research methods, was used. Qualitative and quantitative data collection sources were used together in the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data obtained in the research. The study group of the study consisted of students who had learning disabilities in a public school in the 6^th grade in Giresun province under the Ministry of Education in 2018-2019 academic year, and their three classes, thirty teachers attending classes in these classes and two guidance teachers of the schools. In the research, " Science Process Skills Scale" developed by Aydoğdu et al. (2012) was used to measure students' science process skills. On the other hand, qualitative data of the research were obtained through unstructured interviews of teachers' opinions about the social skills of students with learning disabilities. While the frequency, percentage and average values were used in the analysis of the quantitative data obtained from the research, the opinions of the teachers about the students who had learning disabilities were analyzed with the descriptive analysis method. It has been observed that some of science process skills of students with learning disabilities are higher than other students in the classes. Therefore, it is important to include science process skills as well as determining reading, writing and arithmetic skills while identifying students with learning disabilities.

Problems of Refugee Students in Social Studies Course from the Perspective of Teachers and Students

Fadime SEÇGİNRüveyde ERTEN ÖZALP — 2024-08-29

This study, which used the phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research models, aimed to reveal the problems of refugee students that they face in social studies course from the perspective of both social studies teachers and refugee students. The study group consisted of 11 social studies teachers working in a public secondary school in Sivas city center in the 2017-2018 academic year and 44 refugee students from different countries studying in this school. The study employed the interview technique to reveal the views of refugee students and social studies teachers. Semi-structured interview forms developed by the researchers were used as data collection tools. The descriptive analysis technique was employed in the analysis of the data obtained in the study. The study concluded that according to the teachers, refugee students were generally uninterested and unsuccessful in social studies course and their academic achievement was low due to their inadequate level of Turkish; social studies teachers did not usually prepare a different test or exam for refugee students in terms of measurement and evaluation, instead, the majority of social studies teachers approached these students in a different way as the students did not have a good command of Turkish; the teachers supported the students in terms of social integration; the teachers always revised the topics that refugee students could not understand; the teachers were more understanding and tolerant towards the students; they frequently called these students to the blackboard during in-class activities to ensure their participation; and that the teachers were more sensitive in emphasizing national and spiritual subjects and giving topics such as war and immigration while teaching areas related to history and geography. On the other hand, the statements of the refugee students revealed that they did not generally like the subjects related to Turkish history and geography, they had difficulty understanding the social studies courses, and that they mostly failed the exams.

An Important Institution of Turkish Sports During the Second World War: The General Directorate of Physical Education (1939-1945)

Nadir YURTOĞLU — 2024-08-29

This study addressed the sports activities of the General Directorate of Physical Education (GDPE) in Turkey during the Second World War that took place between September 1, 1939, and September 2, 1945. The study discussed the topic under two headings; the activities of the GDPE (1938-1945) and the budget of the GDPE (1939-1945). The study focused on numerical data for the activities and budget of the GDPE during the Second World War. Data were collected from the Presidency Republican Archive Documents, Memorandum Diary of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, journals on minutes and laws, Official Gazette of the Republic of Turkey, and magazines and newspapers of the period. The results are as follows: The GDPE continued its operations during the Second World War, although Turkey plunged into an economic crisis due to excessive increases in prices and the cost of living. The reason for this was that the budget of the GDPE was growing steadily every year. There was an association established between physical education and national defense due to the Second World War, paving the way for the improvement of sports activities and attracting investments in the field. The goal of the GDPE was, on the one hand, to encourage citizens to participate in sports and thus create a physically and mentally healthy society, and, on the other hand, to turn citizens into “able-bodied” soldiers who are willing to defend their homeland.

Foucault's Concept of Discourse

Mahmut Sami TÜRK — 2024-08-29

The aim of this article is to work out the concept of discourse as it occurs in Foucault's work. To do this, the lexical meaning of the word is first given in order to have a basis. Then it is assumed from Foucault's definition that the discourse would be a set of statements in a formation system. This then provides a basis for making a comparison of the relationship between the discourse term and the lexical meaning of the word and what differences it has. Then the discourse is examined in a wider framework and the function of the statements in the discourse is emphasized. The inflationary use of the term in everyday life as well as in academic work gives the impression that one knows its meaning. The aim of this article is to prevent misunderstandings of this kind by attempting to define it clearly. Since one can also speak of various discourses such as scientific or political, weight is also placed on discourse analysis, not primarily in a methodological but rather in a theoretical sense. Therefore, the aim of a discourse analysis is also explained. At the end it is also briefly explained what kind of contribution Foucault made to the history of ideas with his concept.

Simple Present Time Plural First-Person Negativity Suffix Used in the Mouth of Giresun Province and its Region: {-mazuķ/ġ ; -mezük/g}

Serdar BULUT — 2024-08-29

Dialect studies, Compilation Dictionary and Turkish Dictionary enriches the Turkish language, and it also makes contributions at the affix and root point. Time suffixes are the first to come to mind for these contributions. Turkey Turkish dialects particularly from the point of time suffixes are extremely rich and colourful. When we look from the past to the present, it will be noticed that there are different suffixes in time suffixes and present tense suffixes used. In this study, the simple present plural first-person negativity suffix "-mazuķ/ġ ; -mezük/g" in the dialects of Giresun province and its region will be focused. The uses about this suffix compiled from the relevant public will be given in detail. It is noticed that that personal suffixes -ıķ / -ik and -uķ / -ük detected in some regional dialects in Turkish Cypriots in particular Eastern Anatolia, North-Eastern Anatolia, South-Eastern Anatolia and some of Central Anatolia continues its existence in in the dialects of Giresun province and its region especially as the round vowels together with the -mAz negativity suffix. This study was conducted by scanning the studies related to Giresun province and its region and making collections from people. Especially, compilations from the people made from form the main lines of this study.

The Reflection of Yahya Kemal Beyatlı's Poetic Views on The Poems

Taner NAMLIFerda ATLI — 2024-08-29

Yahya Kemal Beyatlı has achieved the qualification of being one of the founding names of modern Turkish poetry with his poems and poetry art. As a neoclassical, he connected the elements of old poetry and the cultural world connected to it to the world of new poetry, new cultural life, with a difficult to reach saying. Like every great artist, he was leaning against a poetic background while building his poetry. Therefore, while forming the order from inspiration to aesthetic plan in his poem, he adhered to some plinths and established a poetic-poetry weave. This study aims to determine the poetics of poetry and prose of Yahya Kemal Beyatlı and to determine the relationship between poetics and poetry. In the article, the titles of “recipes, exterior structure, language, including of arts, interior structure, content and reader of poetry” are taken into consideration, depending on the classification offered by Orhan Okay while examining the poetic texts.

A Comparison between the Emphases on Quality by Translation Companies and the Opinions of Freelance Translators with the Focus on Total Quality Management

Hüseyin ERSOY — 2024-08-29

Companies have entered a competition to sell products also to the people outside their countries as a result of the peak in the transportation and logistics opportunities in the "global" era. A competition to increase the quality in production has also started in order to get ahead. This condition has also accelerated the scientific studies in the field of Quality. Today, quality studies have turned into the field of "Total Quality Management". The field of "Total Quality Management" has set the most "perfect" criteria that can be reached at the moment in order to produce quality products. Today, all the big companies in the world produce quality products by applying these criteria and their products are demanded and purchased by more and more customers. For this reason, the number of companies and sectors applying or intending to apply the "Total Quality Management" criteria is increasing day by day. Therefore, the "Total" Quality Management "criteria can be deemed the most perfect criteria in order to produce quality products. Today, translators do not often undertake the task themselves directly, they work either as staff translators for a company or as freelance translators. Therefore, translation companies and agencies also carry out the process of producing a product. As a consequence, when they produce translation products according to the criteria of "Total Quality Management", they will reach an advantageous position in the sector. However, are the translation companies and agencies sensitive about applying the “Quality” criteria or to what extent are they sensitive? This study will review the criteria and practices of translation companies or agencies regarding the "Quality" by using their expressions on the related criteria on their websites. On the other hand, particularly freelance translators in the sector have complaints conflicting with the "Quality" criteria. Based on the complaints expressed by the freelance translators, this study tries to obtain results about whether or to what extent translation companies actually apply the criteria regarding the "quality" stated on their websites. According to the results, translation companies will be offered some suggestions for the application of the "Total Quality Management" criteria.

The Functions Ascribed to The Place in Particular the Seaside Residence and Mansion in Ahmet Mithat Efendi’s Novels

Hakan DEĞİRMENCİ — 2024-08-29

Westernization or modernization is a process of change and innovation. Therefore, it first sprouted in the minds of the intellectuals, developed and matured through them, and then presented to the state officials and society. This process, which started with the Tulip Period and was supported by some sultans who came later, reached its peak with the Tanzimat announced in 1839 and thus took on an official character. However, Tanzimat was not only a political and administrative project, but also a civil project supported by the intellectuals, journalists and print circles of the period, some of whom were statesmen. We can say that although very few of them were cautiously critical, the intellectuals supported the new era. In this respect, the Tanzimat ceased to be a text containing some legal arrangements, proceeded in a wide social and artistic framework, thus seeking a legitimacy ground for itself. There are places where Tanzimat is kept alive, discussed and developed in social and civil areas. One of them is the mansion. The number of mansions, which started to be seen since Selim III, increased with the Tanzimat and started to be located more in Beyoğlu and its surroundings. In the narratives of Ahmet Mithat Efendi, the mansion and the mansion appear as an important place in terms of residing in the mansion and also the social neighborhood consists of people living in the mansions. Considering its era and in the context of "space-human", "space-history" relationship, it will not be difficult to understand that the mansion means more than a plain place in Mithat Efendi's narration. Mansions and mansions have become a "stage" in his works, where current issues and problems are exhibited. In the context of Westernization serendipity, especially Westernization, East-West conflict, social change, the transformation of the mansion in the architectural sense, the mansion becoming a home for education, the establishment of governess inspired by European family life, intrigue and debauchery in the mansions in the context of European family life, are some of the themes that the mansions have witnessed themselves. In this study, thematic evaluations will be made on the scenes of the themes mentioned above in residance and mansion life.

Change of Soviet Woman After The October Revolution in A. Tolstoy's Story The Viper

Yasemin GÜRSOY — 2024-08-29

The October Revolution of 1917, the Civil War that followed, and the War Communism that was implemented in this process affected the Soviet people in different ways. After 1917, there was also a revolution in families ruled by the patriarchal order for centuries, and women were given many rights and freedoms. But according to the policies of the administration, in exchange for these rights and freedoms, women are expected to change, becoming in line with the new human image of the Soviet ideal. With the idea that a new person who will serve in the war and become part of the proletariat will be strong and durable, the woman also sets aside her feminine qualities and begins to become a man. But the traumas experienced by women who are used to carrying a male identity in women's bodies when this difficult process of about a decade is over deeply affect society. Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy, who carries this important subject to his art, also reveals the psychological dimension of the process through the character Olga in the story of The Viper. In this study, the changes experienced by women after the October Revolution of 1917 are transferred to historical information. In the context of Tolstoy's story The Viper, the influence of management and the period on gender roles is given especially on female characters.

The Toponyms About Alañ, Beleñ, Söbeleñ

Erol ÖZTÜRK — 2024-08-29

The science of toponomy studies the names of geographical shapes such as mountain, hill, stream, and lake. Studies in this field in Turkey began with Fuad Koprulu’s articles at Turkiyat Mecmuası. Scientists such as Andreas Tietze, Ahmet Caferoğlu, Doğan Aksan and Hasan Eren have important studies on this subject. Toponymous studies are important for the continuity of Turkish culture as well as vocable science. This discipline examines the names in terms of phonetics, morphology and semantics like other names in the language, focuses on the reasons for giving the names, their history, and their relationship with other names. The words of Alañ and Beleñ in Turkish place names are often used in combination with color names, organ names, and some other nouns and adjectives. It is seen that they are used together in Bilecik / Osmaneli, Antalya / Akseki, Ankara / Nallıhan in the name of a village in the shape from of Belenalan. The name Söbeleñ is the name given to a mountain ridge in the town of Hatipli in Tokat. This word has used as a mushroom name in Anatolia, in the Reşidüddin Oğuzname, it is rumored that when Oğuz Kağan came to Azerbaijan and settled in Azerbaijan, the highlands of the Oghuzes were the Ucan highlands, Alatag mountains and Sabalan mountains in the south of Tabriz. This rumor shows that the name has been used in the Turkish language for a long time. In this study, the names Alañ, Beleñ, Söbeleñ, which are related to each other, are emphasized. In relation to the structure of the name Söbeleñ. Söbü and Belen were examined, and the closeness of the words alan belen was emphasized. The variants of the words in the Compilation Dictionary, their historical and current forms in dictionaries were determined, and the relationship between them was discussed by making use of the examples in Hasan Eren’s works.

Analysis of Social Studies Textbooks in Terms of Values

Sibel OĞUZ HAÇATFatıma Betül DEMİR — 2024-08-29

As of 2018, primary and secondary education curricula were revised and some innovations were made in the curricula. The value that are one of the core elements of the curriculums have been influenced by the innovations that have been made. 2018 social studies course curriculum includes 18 values. Social studies textbooks play an important role in gaining these values. In this study, it was aimed to determine the status of including values in social studies textbooks of 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th grade. The pattern of the research is case study. The research was carried out by document review method. The data is analyzed by descriptive analysis method. The sample of the study consists of social studies textbooks approved by the Ministry of National Education and the Chairman of the Board of Education and decided to use them for the last 5 years. Within the scope of the research, a total of 4 textbooks, including social studies 4, 5, 6 and 7 grade textbooks, were examined. As a result of the research, it was determined that various values were included in each learning area. In the 4th grade textbook, the most solidarity and responsibility, the least justice; in the 5th grade textbook, the most solidarity, the least honesty; in the 6th grade textbook, the most sensitivity, the least savings; in the 7th grade textbook, the most freedom and the least saving values are included. It is seen that the values in social studies textbooks differ in the distribution of both classroom and learning areas. In line with the results of the research, values can be equally included in the textbooks within the scope of class level and learning area.

New Trends in Religion and Religion in The Modernization Process

İbrahim KAYGUSUZMetin ÖZKUL ,Yaşar KAYA — 2024-08-29

The phenomenon of modernization, which corresponds to a new cultural situation and level of consciousness in human history, has reached a widespread lifestyle with the processes of enlightenment, industrialization and globalization. Modernization, which affects traditional forms of relationship and belief systems, has directly affected all institutions, especially family, law, economy and politics. Modernization has eliminated the historical power and monopoly position of religion. Thus, the conservative character of traditional society, which is intertwined with religion, has changed, the human being has been stripped of its sacredness and the thinking has become secular. The phenomena of secularization, pluralism and individualization, which are the reflections of modernization, have replaced traditional, institutional religion with an understanding of religion that becomes subjective. In this context, the uncertainties and crisis of meaning of the modern world brought a new orientation towards religion. New Religious Movements and New Age movements have been the areas where this orientation has been embodied. The New Religious Movements, which affect many people in the Western world at the level of belief and behavior, find a living space as reactive manifestations of adaptation and disharmony to the new conditions of the modern era. New Religious Movements, in addition to religious belief, scientific thought, mental, mental and physical health, medical treatment, consumption and so on. It has a structure that includes fields. The phenomenon of modernization that transforms cultures and beliefs has transformed the character of the community by affecting Islamic societies in time. This study, the effects of modernization on religious formations; it aimed to analyze within the framework of the facts expressed in terms of secularization, pluralism and individualization.

A Wounded Female Artist in a Wedding Night by Adalet Ağaoğlu: Tezel

Alev ÖNDER — 2024-08-29

Adalet Ağaoğlu, one of the most important authors of Turkish literature, described the social transformation of the country with a focus on the inner world of the characters in the Narrow Times Trilogy (Lying to Die, A Wedding Night, No). Through a sincere discussion, she revealed the impact of political, economic and cultural changes experienced in Turkey on the lives of the intellectuals, primarily on the scientist Aysel and her husband Ömer. While interpreting wedding symbolizing military-bourgeois cooperation, social corruption is criticized in the novel. After the social break created by the periods of military coups, the inner worlds of the intellectuals who turn into sorrowful and resentful individuals are mirrored. In this study, the fictionalization of the individual and social identity of Aysel's sister-painter Tezel is reviewed. In the novel, Tezel is portrayed as an alcoholic painter and her journey which leads to nihilism is examined. The female painter’s reckoning with her environment and herself is evaluated with a focus on the events conveyed from Tezel's consciousness. Having problems with her family, Tezel frequently remembers her older sister, Aysel, in the novel. Her relationship with the scientist Aysel has an important role in Tezel's identity. The concept of sisterhood in the novel is handled through their painful relationships. In this study, criticism of both capitalism and patriarchal order is detected in the conflict with Tezel's brother İlhan who is fond of money and rank. The characters are the representatives of the class they belong to in the novel in which Turkey's painful modernization process and the stifling atmosphere of 12 March period are reflected. In the novel in which external and internal realities are conveyed simultaneously, the parallelism of individual and social history are emphasized while discussing the marriages that Tezel cannot continue, her maternal role, and career problems. In this study the criticism of Tezel towards all systems against freedom is determined. The change in the artistic identity of Tezel is scrutinized. The confrontations experienced by Tezel at the moments she remembers the past have a significant role in her identity formation.

Art Work as a Consumptıon Object in Today's Art

Tamer ASLANEce Büşra ERYILMAZ , — 2024-08-29

Consumption culture keeps the object at the center of human life. The main theme of the article emphasizes how and in what objective situations the aesthetic value and understanding of art, work of art, and art manifest in the daily life styles of the individual as a consumer. At the same time, in the world of images, where the consumption of culture and aesthetics is based, to be able to show the interaction in the spiral of ‘Consumer (daily life) – art (object)– aesthetic (subject). The work of art should be seen as a universal reflection of both the culture it belongs to and the interaction between cultures, and its aesthetic approach in the preservation of these interactions. The global displacement of the work of art with today's understanding of consumption (object) also means the consumption of aesthetic concerns (subject).Consumption is basically a concept that we can make sense of by meeting the needs that shape our lives. In addition, it gains new meanings in the focus of changing social and cultural values as a result of the developments in the historical process. Especially after the Industrial Revolution, the consumption culture, which started to be settled in societies, has been the mediator of the capitalist system, where cultural aesthetic approaches have been almost completely destroyed in the work of art, as in many other fields, and has begun to cause "desire production" in individuals. Regarding this situation, it has been observed that at the beginning of the postmodern period, artists generally adopted a protest attitude in their works by being influenced by consumption culture. After Marcel Duchamp's work named Fountain, the difference between the work of art and the object of consumption began to be questioned. Nowadays, with the gradual decrease of the questioning attitude, it is observed that artistic productions are transformed into consumption objects and that artists evolve from the position of the manager of the art market to the one who is managed The causes and consequences of this change in art in the process the work of ‘’Art Work As A Consumptıon Object In Today's Art'’ was studied through the historical process of art as well as current examples by analyzing the content of qualitative materials obtained by examining the sources related to the subject of the article and collecting data.

Teyamun beside Prayers

Muhammed Latif ALTUN — 2024-08-29

People should give importance to the right side in their daily life as they give in their prayers. In Qur’an, after the statements "aṣḥāb al-maymana" and "aṣḥāb al-yamīn" which are used as people who are at the right side, there are rewards and blessings which are for those people. In Sunnah Prophet Muḥammad gave importance to the right side, mainly in prayers, he gave importance to it apart from the prayers as well. Moreover he advised and encouraged people to use the right side in the actions and situations which are taken kindly by the society. Companions of Prophet Muḥammad took into consideration his sensitivity on this point, and practised it sensitively. Afterwards the scribes stated the decrees about the right side by making reference to the hadiths which were narrated. In this study the descriptions of two Arabic concepts yamīn, tayāmün, yasār and shimāl are going to be discussed and their importance in Qur’an and Sunnah is going to be emphasized. Following that, fiqh-related aspects of the right side apart from the prayers and the importance which is given to it is going to be mentioned. Besides eating and drinking with right hand, the decrees about wearing, combing, entering to a mosque and leaving a lavatory are going to be noted. Additionally the approach to the right side and its practice in daily life by Muslim ulama is going to be touched on.

2030 Sustainable Development Agenda and Urban Development: Problems, Threats and Opportunities

Ali YEŞİLDAL — 2024-08-29

Today, cities are home to about half of the world's population and three quarters of its economic output. Especially in the last two decades, while the urban population of the world continues to increase rapidly, the environmental damage that started in cities and spread to other regions has reached an unprecedented level. Therefore, Sustainable Development Goals have been determined by the UN in order to control urban development and provide a healthy structure. The transformation envisaged by the Sustainable Development Agenda, which also forms part of Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development, requires attention to cities as a more sustainable center. Comprising a total of 17 main goals at the global level, goal number 11 of this agenda focuses on Sustainable Cities and Communities and aims to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. This goal is also a response to the claim that social development should start locally, and indicates that urban development will be the main driver of overall development.

COVID-19’s Effects on Environmental Values

Yasemin HAYTAŞerif ÖNER — 2024-08-29

It is estimated that COVID-19 will negatively affect much more people than the deaths and economic losses caused by other epidemics experienced worldwide. In addition to the effects it has caused since the day it started until now, COVID-19 also constitutes an unquestionable threat in terms of human health and global environmental changes such as soil degradation, depletion of the ozone layer and urbanization. This article discusses the pandemics that have been experienced in history, and the effects of COVID-19 on the environment are emphasized as the focus point. The study shows that there is a significant relationship between the emergency precautions taken during the COVID-19 process and improvement in air quality, clean beaches and reduction of environmental noise, while it attracts attention to reduced amount of recycling, waste management and pollution of physical spaces (water and soil).

Kyrgyzstan-China Security Relations and the East Turkestan Issue

Şeyda ÇEVİKEL — 2024-08-29

Kyrgyzstan, a small power, and the People’s Republic of China, defined as a great or rising power, are two countries with gaps in many areas such as economy, population, military power and so on. Therefore, this situation has also affected the course of security relations. While China, the strong side, takes a leading position in relations; Kyrgyzstan has been the compliant side. The concept of "3 evils" put forward by China has formed the focus of security relations. Defining terrorism, separatism and extremism acts as "3 evils", China has used this concept mostly in relation to the activities of Uyghurs and then Muslim communities in East Turkistan. At the same time, the military exercises in which the concept of "3 evils" was emphasized in order to ensure border security by ending the border problem inherited from the Soviet Union period of the two countries, were carried out under the umbrella of the SCO. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relations between the two countries, in which China's security concerns come to the forefront, in the context of the East Turkestan issue, beyond Kyrgyzstan's own security problems. In addition, it is aimed to contribute to and up-to-date studies on Kyrgyzstan-China relations, which are few in the literature. Thus, in the first part of the study consisting of four titles, the security relations of the two countries will be examined in the context of the SCO; In the next section, bilateral relations will be viewed from the axis of security strategies. In the third part, the border problem of the two countries and how they reached a solution will be discussed and finally, the security relations in the context of East Turkistan will be examined.

Investigation of Consumer Views on Foodstuff Sold Unpackaged

Kazım KILINÇ — 2024-08-29

Nowadays, packaging is very developed in order to ensure food safety, but there are still open (unpackaged) foodstuffs sold. Consumers obtain some of the foodstuffs they need from unpackaged sold food. Many of these foods are basic foodstuffs (various spices, snack types, animal foodstuffs, various cereals, etc.) that are used in daily consumption. A questionnaire form consisting of 462 participants and 35 structured questions was used to reveal consumer opinions. Statistical analyses of the data were made. It has been concluded that demographic factors are effective at different levels on consumer opinions about food sold in the open market, consumer perceptions and motivations are important determinants in preferring the food sold in accordance with their different characteristics and making different choices according to the type of food.

Akhism Narrated by Ibn Battuta: An Ulgeneralist View

Cumali BOZPINAR — 2024-08-29

There is no consensus among social scientists, especially economic historians on the reason why the Ottoman economy could not transform from a pre-capitalism structure to a capitalist one. Various arguments are being put forward on the subject. Among these, it is possible to talk about the determinism of the mindset and therefore the effects of Sufism. The influence of Sufism on economic activities emerged through the craft structures that were pre-capitalism production organization. The first manifestation of this channel in the historical development of Anatolian geography was Akhism. In this study, Anatolian Akhism was examined in the pre-Ottoman period. The work was limited to the stories of the famous traveller Ibn Battuta about Akhism and akhis in Anatolian cities. The study examined whether Ulgener's views also apply to akhis. It is possible to evaluate the hospitality of akhis towards Ibn Battuta in the context of Ulgener's concept of “agha consciousness”. We do not know if the hospitality of these people was really related to the values of faith, but it is possible to admit that they had made some kind of advertisement through the traveller that their country was suitable for trade and living. The gifts they gave to the traveller should be considered in this context.

Two Approaches Regarding Internatıonal Position of Turkey: Example of Fikret Başkaya and Ahmet Davutoğlu

Yunus KOÇGökhan TOPLUK — 2024-08-29

In the world system identify the position of Turkey in the hierarchy of states is important in terms of foreign policy vision. There are different assesments of what this position is. Different world wiew of evaluators The different world views on which the assessors rely leads to different conclusions about the international position of Turkey. In this study, the approaches of two intellectuals who think/talk through two different paradigms are tried to be presented. Thus, it is desired to show that the international position is first of all a perspective issue. Through their meanings on history, geography, economy, culture and socio-political elements, it has tried to understand how these two different approaches read the position of Turkey in the world system. While economic factors predominate Fikret Başkaya's evaluation style, Davutoğlu emphasizes historical, cultural and philosophical phenomena.