Tarih Okulu Dergisi, Year 2021 Issue LII

An Implication of Ağnam Tax in Turkey: Story of Süleyman the Butcher

Mesut SERT — 2024-08-29

The Ağnam Tax, as one of the taxes inherited from the Ottoman Empire period, had continued to its existence until 1960, with various changes i.e., its name in the Republic era. It is known that the main complaint about this tax is the high amount of tax as compared to the price of the animal subject to tax. It is also known that the taxpayers commonly resort to a method of hiding their animals from the officers. In this study, in order to reach a complete narrative, how the Agnam tax works in the local area is examined in the light of the findings obtained from the oral history method, which includes both sides of the tax relationship, taxpayers and collectors. As a result of the study, the prevalence of the practice of hiding animals from officers was confirmed; more importantly, the narrative of Süleyman the Butcher was identified as an original example of the functioning of the local tax relationship, which is impossible to identify in written sources.

What was France Translating in the Middle Ages?

Seda DURALİlknur BAYTAR — 2024-08-29

Under the political and cultural developments of the Middle Ages lies the perspective that can be defined as translatio imperii et studii, the transfer of power and learning. According to this view, the political and cultural heritage was transferred from the ancient Greek civilizations to Roman Empire and from there to Europe. Countries such as England and France, who claim to be the legal heirs of this legacy, have embarked on a struggle for supremacy by basing their political power on the power and learning of the civilizations that preceded them. This struggle has also manifested itself in cultural studies, and in order to emphasize the legitimate heir in the important works of the period, the rulers were praised under the theme of heroism, and identified with the heroes in the ancient works. On the other hand, countries which was affected by the interaction with the Arab-Islamic society as a result of the Crusades and translation activities at the Toledo School of Translators, entered the field of intensive cultural activities. In this context, through the informative research method, the structure of France will be reviewed and translation activities in general will be focused on, based on the literary activities carried out by France during the social and cultural stages of progress in the middle ages.

The Pantheon of Ancient Rome Expanding With Epidemics

Derya Çığır DİKYOL — 2024-08-29

Epidemics have led to demographic, political or economic changes and several changes in the context of religious beliefs. This situation is seen more intensively, particularly in antiquity, where polytheistic beliefs were held. This study focuses on the gods, goddesses and a number of foreign religious practices that were added to the Roman pantheon during the epidemics that occurred during the Kingdom and Republic periods of ancient Rome. It is known that epidemics cause panic and despair in every society, and of course, this situation has been more effective in orienting towards holiness, particularly in ancient societies where medical knowledge was insufficient. The study used the transmission of ancient sources of information on epidemics in the periods mentioned before, particularly in Rome. In this framework, the focus was on the change that the Roman religion has undergone in the process and the role of epidemics in this change. It is worth noting that, in addition to the powerful influence of Greek culture, epidemics have also contributed to the addition of new gods and new rituals to the Roman pantheon, and over time these cults and practices have become part of Roman faith and culture. Apart from this, the transmissioned information of epidemics is also important since it shows Rome’s communication and interaction with the Etruscan and Greek cultures in the early stages. As a result, in the fight against epidemics, Rome oriented towards holiness with the idea that diseases were sent as a method of punishment by the gods, and at the point where they could not get answers from their gods, they went on the path of adopting foreign beliefs and practices.

Asya Hunları’ndan Karluklara İslam Öncesi Eski Türk Şehirlerinden Örnekler

Mert AĞAOĞLU — 2024-08-29

Sümerler devrinden itibaren şehirlerin yeryüzünde ortaya çıktığı kabul edilmektedir. Doğu Medeniyeti’nde Mezopotamya bölgesinde ilk kez karşımıza çıkan şehirler zamanla dünyanın diğer kısımlarına yayılmışlardır. Şehirlerde kullanılan inşa malzemeleri bölgelere göre farklılık göstermiş, bu durum da şehirlerdeki mimarî yapıların kalıcılığında etkili olmuştur. Tarihte kurulmuş şehirlerin bir kısmı yok olarak günümüze gelememiştir. Bunların bazılarından hiçbir iz kalmazken bir bölümünden ise harabeler zamanımıza ulaşmıştır. Çalışmanın konusu olan İslam öncesi Eski Türk şehirlerinin hemen hemen hiçbiri günümüze ulaşmamıştır. Tarih boyunca şehirlerin su boylarında, nehirlerin yakınında kurulduğu bilinmektedir. Asya Hunlarına ait saptanan ilk şehir kalıntıları M.Ö. 1. Yüzyıl’a tarihlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada; neredeyse hiçbiri zamanımıza gelemeyen İslam öncesi Türk şehirlerinin ortaya çıkışı ve gelişiminden bahsedilmiş, çalışma; Hunlar, Gök-Türkler, Uygurlar ve Karluk başkenti Kayalık şehri ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Makalede kaynak olarak, birinci elden kaynaklara, arkeolojik çalışmalara dayanan araştırma eserlere (kitap, kitap bölümü, makale, tez, ansiklopedi maddesi) yer verilmiş, Türklerin İslamiyeti kabulüyle ortaya çıkan devletleri topluluklar ve bunların inşa ettiği çalışmalar ayrı bir araştırma konusu olduğundan kapsam dışı bırakılmıştır.

A Study on History of Turkish Political Party: Example of CHP

Gökhan Göktürk — 2024-08-29

One of the most important elements of modern political life is political parties. The political parties have become main means of seizing power, especially with the increase of political participation. Modern versions of parties which come into view in the mid-nineteenth century in the West, started to show themselves in the last period of Ottoman State in Turkey. On the other hand, the multi-party system took root in a modern way only in the second half of the twentieth century. This transition brought academic debates on political parties and a revival of publishing. After the transition to multi-party process, the need to define political parties has increased rapidly and the studies of various disciplines on political parties have started to come in view. Among the studies on political parties in Turkey, Republican People’s Party has a special position. The fact that CHP has a founding identity and that it is the only party with continuity throughout the history of republic increases this interest. In this article, the course of the studies on political parties in the context of Turkish political history will be discussed in a historical continuity within the scope of the studies on CHP.

“Tendency to the Shah” in the Last Quarter of XVI Century in the State of Rûm”

Murat ALANDAĞLI — 2024-08-29

Studies on the history of Alevism-Bektashism in our country are mostly the first half of the century XVI with the XIX. century are discussed in the context. In the studies on the first period, the Ottoman-Safavid conflict and the effect of this situation on the subjects of the empire, the Kızılbaş communities, are mostly examined in a political and religious context. On the other hand studies belonging to the second period, are directed towards the centralization efforts of the imperial administration and the effect of this situation on the Qizilbashes. We can see easily, in the Anatolian countryside the efforts of the imperial administration's the period to cut off the contact of the Qizilbash with the Safavids, who were influenced by the political, social and religious atmosphere that emerged due to the peculiar characteristics of the period. Although there is no clear information about what actually happened in the 17th and 18th centuries, it can be thought that a calm life continued until the 19th century with the decreasing Safavid pressure. In fact, this study aims to contribute to the examples of the first period with a different perspective. This point of view is actually has been nourished by the quality and importance of the reference source's. In our country, the registries, which name ise Tahrir, have been examined for political, administrative, financial and military purposes, contain important information also about the Ottoman-Safavid struggle and the situation of the Kızılbaş. Result of the examination of this letters of the Vilayet-i Rum and its environs, it is seen that the issue, which has been in particular handled with its political and religious dimension, also has a financial aspect. Consequently, it is aimed to reveal the determinations on this issue in the study. We only in this way will be possible to find clues about the stalemate was lived, which are of one Anatolian peasant the Kızılbaş both imperial administration and himself in this periot.

The Presence of Hetairas in the Ancient Greek Society

Evren Şar İŞBİLEN — 2024-08-29

Prostitution is a profession with its origins dating back to antiquity in almost every culture, and its purpose and status vary according to society’s characteristic. Within this framework, it is not a surprise, in ancient Greek culture, which oppresses woman in a rigorous way and holds behind the scenes, to see this career group divide into many classes. However, the advent of a class like “hetaira” which is distinct and hard to define, quite well ahead of other classes belonging to this profession in terms of status, far freer and more educated than noblewomen, is well worth the attention. However, hetairism assessments in antiquity were mostly restricted to the compiling of the lives of famous hetairas and the presence of hetairas was not approached as part of the social whole. In this study, our aim is to investigate the historical identity of hetairai in the light of ancient sources and assess why ancient Greek civilization might have formed the hetaira institution within the framework of the theory of gender relations.

The Arrest of Niğde and Nevşehir Delegates from the Sivas Congress and The Process to the Elections

Aslıhan KILINÇ — 2024-08-29

During the years of the War of Independence, he resisted the occupations with all his might, along with other boroughs, especially in Niğde and Nevşehir. Especially the occupation of İzmir increased the organizational activities in the region, and the people of Niğde took their place in the National Struggle with the telegrams they sent to the sultan and regional activities. The Representation Committee and Mustafa Kemal Pasha supported the organizational efforts without interrupting communication with Niğde and its borougs during this critical process leading to the Sivas Congress and elections. With the efforts of both the people of Niğde and the Representation Committee, a delegate could be sent to Sivas Congress from Niğde and its districts. The executive directors attended the Sivas Congress, despite all the difficulties they encountered on the road, including the interceptions of bandits and their arrests, and did their best to implement the decisions taken here in Niğde and its districts. These elections were held and Sâbık Deputy Niğdeli Muhiddin Bey, Nevşehirli Ata Ataullah Bey and Darü-l Fünun Literature Faculty Director Mehmed Emin Bey were elected as MPs. The MPs served in the Last Parliament until the occupation of the parliament on March 16, 1920, and then they entered the Turkish Grand National Assembly.

Kemalism and Religious Politics of the Parties in Turkey

Muhterem ALTIN — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this study is to put forward how political parties in Turkey follow regarding the religious field, and how they are affected by Kemalist ideology while doing their politics in this field. In this context, first of all, the approach of Kemalist ideology towards religion and the understanding of secularism were discussed. Then, the religious policies of the Republican People's Party, important center-right parties and national vision parties, which were influential in the Republican period, were discussed. Within the scope of the study, the programs of these parties, their discourses on religion and their actions in this field were examined. In addition to these, other sources related to the subject were also used and the results were tried to be reached by interpreting the obtained data. As a result of the study, it was determined that in Turkey there are three perspectives on the relation between religion and politics, and political parties’ religious politics are shaped according to these viewpoints. However, it was concluded that the Kemalist ideology and the understanding of secularism formed in line with this ideology were the dominant understanding, that institutions with this ideology and secularism were interfering with other parties in various ways, and therefore, other parties, except the Republican People's Party, could not determine their religious policies in the way they wanted.

Teacher Opinions on Teaching Text Types According to School Type in Secondary Education Turkish Language and Literature Lessons (Malatya Province Example)

Selahattin TOPBAŞİlhan ERDEM — 2024-08-29

In this study, it was aimed to find solutions for the teaching of text types, which are the main materials in TAT teaching, by determining the situation related to the teaching of text types in secondary education Turkish language and literature (TAT) lessons in detail according to the type of school. Phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research designs, was used in the study. The study population of the research consists of TAT teachers working in Malatya. In the study, 32 teachers were interviewed using a semi-structured interview form to collect qualitative data, and the data were analyzed by content analysis method. Accordingly, while determining the text types, students pay attention to variables such as the unit that creates the text, the purpose of the text, its relation to reality, and the type of expression used in the text. While teachers are teaching the text types to students, the structural elements in the event writings, the purpose of writing the text, its relationship with reality, the presence / absence of the event in the text, the presence of fiction, the semantic changes gained by the words, etc. draws attention. The texts in the textbooks generally reflect the distinctive features of the genre. In accordance with the results obtained in the study, various suggestions were made that similar studies can be carried out in different provinces at the secondary and high school levels, teachers can be made aware of the teaching of text types, and the effect of theater genre on speaking skills should be investigated.

Problems Experienced by Teachers in the Distance Education Process

Mehmet ŞAHİN — 2024-08-29

In order to solve the problems experienced by teachers in the distance education process during the pandemic period, these problems need to be determined first. The aim of this study is to determine the problems teachers experience in the distance education process applied during the pandemic period. In this research conducted with qualitative research method, the case study model was used. The working group of the research consists of 20 teachers working in secondary education institutions (High School) in Ankara's Altındağ district. Semi-structured interview form was used in this study. 4 open-ended questions were prepared in accordance with the aims of the study. In the study, it was found that some teachers do not have a computer, they use them at home with their spouses or children, and they have technical problems with the computer. It has been determined that most of the teachers do not have an independent study room at home, there is noise when their spouses or children work for distance education / business purposes, and some teachers do not have a desk. In addition, it was concluded that during the distance education process, most of the students did not attend the course and there were problems in homework follow-up, the content of the courses was not suitable for distance education, there were no suitable places and materials especially for applied courses, and there were difficulties in teaching the courses.

Suitability of Reading Outcomes in the Turkish Course Curriculum in 2019 for Creative Reading

Elif AKTAŞ — 2024-08-29

Reading, which is one of the learning areas of the Turkish course, is one of the basic skills that the student will use throughout his/her life. Based on this understanding, the curricula of the Turkish course focus on improving students' reading-comprehension skills from first grade to eighth grade. Recently, alternative reading methods and techniques such as creative reading, critical reading, guessing reading, reading by discussion, reading by asking questions and reading by acting have come to the fore in improving reading skills. Among these, especially creative reading emerges as an important technique that positively affects reading comprehension skills, reading motivation and reading attitude. This study aims to determine the suitability of reading outcomes in Turkish Course Curriculum (TCC) for creative reading. In the study, "Creative Reading Conformity Criteria Form" determined by the compilation of the relevant literature was used as the data collection tool. The study objects of the research constitute the reading outcomes in the 2019 Turkish Course Curriculum (TCC). Document analysis method was used in the research, which was designed with a qualitative approach. Content analysis and descriptive analysis, which are among qualitative research techniques, were used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the research, it was determined that 14 out of 103 reading outcomes at primary school level (grades 1-4) in 2019 TCC and 15 out of 142 reading outcomes at secondary school level were suitable for creative reading. Despite the numerical increase in reading outcomes from primary to secondary school, it was determined

Argümantasyon Uygulamalarının Öğrenen Deneyimleri Açısından İncelenmesi

Sümeyra Zeynep ETMehmet Nuri GÖMLEKSİZ — 2024-08-29

Problem çözme, araştırma-sorgulama yapma, karar verme ve bu kararları gerekçelerle destekleyebilme günümüz bireylerinden beklenen yeterlilikler arasında yer almaktadır. Bireylerin kendilerinden beklenen bu yeterlilikleri yerine getirebilmelerinde araştırma-sorgulamaya dayalı öğrenme ortamlarında edindikleri deneyimler çok önemlidir. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın amacını araştırma-sorgulama aktivitelerinden biri olan argümantasyon tabanlı bilim öğrenme yaklaşımı (ATBÖ) uygulamalarına katılan 24 fen bilgisi öğretmen adayının bu sürece ilişkin görüş ve deneyimlerinin belirlenmesi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri öğrenci günlükleri aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Öğrenci günlükleriyle öğretmen adaylarının argümatasyon uygulamalarına ilişkin duygu ve düşüncelerini neler olduğunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma verileri, içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen sonuçlardan bazıları şu şekildedir: öğretmen adayları ATBÖ yaklaşımının dersi eğlenceli ve ilgi çekici hale getirdiğini ifade etmişlerdir. Sürece aktif katılabildiklerini böylelikle cevap aradıkları soruların yanıtlarına ilişkin edindikleri bilgilerin kendileri için daha anlamlı hale geldiğini belirtmişleridir. Ayrıca öğretmen adayları bu süreçte iddia oluşturabilme, iddialarını delillerle destekleme yani fikirlerini savunabilme yönünde önemli bir farkındalık yaşadıklarını tutmuş oldukları günlüklerde sık sık dile getirmişlerdir.

The Relationship Between the Emotion Management Skills of Teachers and the Emotional Climate of Schools

Efraim ÖZTÜRKMukadder BOYDAK ÖZAN — 2024-08-29

Emotions are impulses that are highly influential on the dominant and behaviors of every human being, who is a thinking, social being. It is important to contribute to education by bringing this effect to the desired level and the effect of emotions on human education in schools. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between emotion management skills and emotional climate in schools according to teachers' views. The sample of the study consists of teachers working in primary and secondary schools in Elazig province center in the 2018-2019 academic year. The research was carried out in relational screening design. According to the results, a weakly significant relationship was found between the emotion management skills of teachers and the emotional climate of the schools. The highest level of relationship was between emotional fatigue and anger management; it was determined that the lowest level of relationship was between empathy and being able to control negative physical reactions. In order to transfer positive emotions to education, it is important that teachers receive training on emotion management both in theory and practice. In addition, it can be said that the school environment, which will be organized in an emotionally positive way, will have positive effects on teachers and therefore on education

An Investigation on Fazıl Ahmet Aykaç's Opinions About Education

Emine ÖZLEKHasan KAVRUK — 2024-08-29

In The Second Constitutional Era when educational problems were mostly discussed considerable works were also written about the subject. As a poet, writer and educationalist Fazıl Ahmet Aykaç’s (1884-1967) work named Terbiyeye Dair is one of them. In this study, which aims to determine the author’s opinions about education, data were collected by document analysis method. Data that collected were analyzed by descriptive analysis technique and it was tried to be determined the work’s place in educational sciences and the educational understanding of the author. According to the findings, it was stated that the author adopted an understanding of education that should be considered as a whole mentally, physically and morally (the principle of integrity in education). In the work, in which the purpose and quality of education were widely included, it was emphasized importance of family and sensory education in early childhood in terms of to be training the qualified person that needed by the society. Physical characteristics of the school were accentuated acutely and it was underlined importance of basic education and vocational education should to be carried out simultaneously in the intellectual development of individuals. In the work, it was stated that progress in all these topics could be possible with education of girls and mothers. At the end of the study it has been concluded that the work is in feature of contemporary pedagogy book and it has an important place in terms of educational sciences and education history. That no study has been dealt with the work is a great deficiency in terms of Turkish education history and pedagogy history. In this study, it was tried to be revealed importance of Terbiyeye Dair by determining Fazıl Ahmet Aykaç's views on education in the light of his work.

The Analysis of Primary School Teachers' Curriculum Literacy Skills from the Administrators' Perspective

Fatih Selim ERDAMARBürhan AKPUNAR — 2024-08-29

This study, which aims to analyse the perceptions of primary school administrators and primary school teachers towards curriculum literacy skills, was conducted in a survey model. In the research conducted on 163 administrators working in primary schools in Diyarbakır, Şırnak and Şanlıurfa provinces, the data collected with the “Administrator Perception Scale” and analysed with descriptive statistical techniques. The results obtained in the analyses summarized below. According to primary school administrators who participated in the study, primary school teachers' ability to apply the curriculum are higher than their knowledge of the curriculum. Accordingly, primary school teachers have the competence to apply at high level the teaching curricula they know at medium level. These competencies, which do not reflect the balance between theoretical and practical dimensions, in the curriculum literacy skill of primary school teachers, is a contradictory situation. This contradictory situation discussed in the research within the framework of the balance between theory and practice with knowledge and application. In these discussions, it was pointed out that primary school teachers applied these curricula as neglected curricula and extra curriculum without considering some theoretical predictions of existing (official) curricula. The practices of primary school teachers in the form of a neglected curriculum, partially independent of the official curriculum theory, described as random and unconscious motion. It is predicted that this will lead to a difference between the planned (theory) and the applied (practice) in the teaching process. It stated that this difference also carries the risk of hindering the macro goals of TES (Turkish Education System) with the micro gains of the schools. Finally, in this study, the importance of teachers' curriculum literacy to be sufficient in both theoretical and practical dimensions was emphasized in terms of the integrity and goal of formal education in schools and achieving the macro goals of TES.

Okul Yöneticilerinin "Eğitim Yönetimi" Kavramına İlişkin Metaforik Algılarının İncelenmesi

Nesip DEMİRBİLEKFerhat HAN — 2024-08-29

Bu araştırmanın amacı eğitim yöneticilerinin eğitim yönetimi kavramını nasıl kavramsallaştırdıklarını ve algıladıklarını metaforlar aracılığı ile belirlemektir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomonolojik desen, çalışma grubunun belirlenmesinde ise amaçlı örnekleme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim yılında Bingöl İli devlet okullarında görev yapan toplam 152 okul yöneticisi yer almıştır. Eğitim yöneticilerine metafor cümlesi online olarak gönderilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde “içerik analizi” tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmada üretilen 116 farklı metafor 13 kategori altında toplanmıştır. Bu Araştırma sonuçlarına göre eğitim yöneticileri tarafından en fazla “koordinasyonu sağlaması” kategorisinde metafor üretilmiştir. Kategoriler frekans değerlerine göre yüksekten aşağıya doğru; koordinasyonun sağlanması, uzmanlık gerektirmesi, geleceğe yön vermesi ve yönlendirmesi, çalışma ve uygulama gerektirmesi, verimlilik sağlaması, planlı ve düzenli olması, karar verici olması, yenilik gerektirmesi, kontrol sağlaması, bağlılık gerektirmesi, rasyonel olması, sistematik olması ve teorik olması şeklindedir. Eğitim yöneticilerinin, eğitim yönetimi ile ilgili bölümlerde doktora yapmasını teşvik edecek düzenlemeler yapılabilir.

Investigation of Teacher Candidates' Smart Phone Addiction in Terms of Various Variables

Ayşenur KULOĞLUFulya Görkem ORHAN — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to analyze the teacher candidates’ smartphone dependence in terms of various variables. A total 624 people participated in this study of which 472 were female and 152 were male. Data collection tools used in this study; demographic information form and a smartphone scale. With the demographic information were tried to be determined form, gender, department, class, income level, mother education status, father education status, sheltered place, smartphone usage tool of teacher candidates number of social media accountts, average daily usage time of smartphone and average amount of smartphone change per year. In addition, The smartphone scale developed by Know and his friends (2013) and adaptation to Turkish made by Demirci and his firends (2014). Since the numerical data revealed by the scales are parametric, t test was used for binary comparisons and variance analysis (Anova-Oneway) was used for comparisons between more than two variables. The significance level was taken as .05 in comparisons. In cases where there is a significant difference, LSD test technique was applied to determine the significant difference between the groups. Data analysis was carried out with the software package SPSS . As a result of the analysis; It was concluded that there was a significant difference betweeen the number of gender, department, social media and smartphone dependence with the average usage time of the smatphone day. There were no significant differences between the level of class, income level, parental education status, housing, socail media number and average smartphone replacement per year. When the purpose of using smartphone is examined most of the participants are mentioned in information, social media, shopping , transportation, and play options.

Yükseköğretimde İngilizce Öğretiminde Otantik Materyaller ve Yenilikçi Yollarla Kültürlerarası Yeterliliğin Teşvik Edilmesi

Sevda İMANOVA — 2024-08-29

Bu makale, öğrencilerin gelecekleri için çok önemli olan, liselerde gelişen kültürlerarası yeterliliğin bir aracı olarak yabancı dil öğrenme sürecini kabul etme fikrini ele alıyor. Avrupa Konseyi, modern bilgi toplumunda ve çalışma koşullarında herhangi bir alanda okuyan geleceğin profesyonellerinin başarılı bir şekilde gerçekleştirilmesi ve adaptasyonu için önemli olan yeterlikler listesine zaten kültürlerarası yeterliliği dâhil etmiştir. Bu konunun teorik arka planı, öğretim materyalinin içeriği de dâhil olmak üzere incelendi: otantik materyaller ve bunların artıları ve eksileri kapsamlı bir şekilde analiz edildi. İngilizce öğretmenleri, tüm kültürlerin temsilcileriyle başarılı bir şekilde yaşayabilecek ve çalışabilecek genç nesil yetiştirmede toplumun kültürlerarası gelişimine katkıda bulunmak için büyük bir fırsata sahiptir. Birden fazla dil bilen kişi, farklı düşünen ve inanan, kabul eden, kültürünü, geleneklerini, yaşam tarzlarını, psikolojisini deneyimleyen diğer insanların dünyasına girme fırsatına sahiptir. Aynı şekilde kendi ülkelerinin kültürünü ve değerlerini sergiliyor ve tanıtıyor. Bu çalışma, yerli kültür bileşeninin derslere etkili bir şekilde dâhil edilmesinin yollarını tanımlayan ve yerli ve yabancı kültürlerin birlikte çalışma sürecinde temel yöntemsel ilkelerin gerçekleştirilmesini ele alan yerli ve yabancı kültür ortak çalışmasının gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışma aynı zamanda Azerbaycan üniversitelerinde küresel dünyaya başarılı entegrasyon için TFL aracılığıyla yerli kültür, ulusal kimlik ve değerlere hakim olmanın gerekliliğini ele almaktadır. Ayrıca bu makalede kültürün tanıtımı için bazı fikirler ve ders kitapları, özgün materyaller, farklı etkinlikler vb. yoluyla nasıl, neden ve neyin öğretileceği konusunda faydalı öneriler sunulmuştur.

Primary School Teachers’ Opinions Towards to the STEM Practices: A Case Study

Sevim ATALAYHülya HAMURCU — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this study is to examine the opinions of primary school teachers about STEM applications. STEM education; it is an educational approach that aims to integrate knowledge and skills in the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics to help students acquire them. The case study model was used in the study. As a data collection tool, "Semi-Structured Interview Form for STEM Practices of Primary School Teachers" consisting of 15 questions developed by the researcher was used. The working group of the research consists of 24 primary school teachers working in İzmir province Bornova district in the 2019-2020 academic year. Content analysis was used in the analysis of the data. According to the findings obtained from the study, primary school teachers heard STEM, were able to define STEM, did not receive training in STEM, some of them found their professional competencies in STEM sufficient, had difficulty in practicing in their lessons, and cost, material/materials, classroom environment/group work in STEM education practices. It was determined that the time was insufficient, but students thought that they could improve their manual skills. However, It was concluded that they have many advantages/disadvantages in terms of teachers and students, they consider STEM as suitable for all science subjects, some of them do not use STEM applications that they recommend teachers to apply STEM disciplines, and that they do not know most of the book published by EBA (Education Information Network), while doing so, it was concluded that they had difficulty in all areas.

New Approach to Turkish Music Violin Education

Süleyman Cem ŞAKTANLISerdar BUDAK — 2024-08-29

This research was carried out in order to present solutions to the problems faced by the performers and instructors in the Turkish Music initial violin education by writing exercises for the works they are working on. For this purpose, an experimental model based on practice 4 Turkish music violin students and 4 Turkish music violin students with a control group were used in the research. For the research, 10 makams with the highest number of works in the TRT repertoire and 10 pieces from these makams suitable for the sample beginner level were determined. The pretest was applied to the experimental and control groups of the study using the evaluation scale developed by the researchers, and the education and performance levels of the groups were equalized according to the measurement results. 10 artifacts determined to be used in the experiment were analyzed and exercises were written for solving the right and left hand difficulties determined as a result of the analysis. The experimental process of the research took 4 weeks. The exercises written by the researcher were run to the students in the experimental group for four weeks, and both groups were post-tested at the end of 4 weeks. As a result of the posttest, it was concluded that there were significant results in favor of the experimental group. Based on these results, it has been suggested that the proposed model has an effect on success and it may be beneficial to use it in the initial violin education of Turkish music.

Devoloping An Attitude Scale Towards Autorship and Writing Skillls Course: Validity And Reliability Study Abstract

Niymet BAHŞİNesrin SİS — 2024-08-29

In this study, it was aimed to develop a valid and reliable attitude scale to measure the attitudes of middle school students towards the Writing and Writing Skills Course. Validity and reliability studies were conducted by applying the Likert-type scale draft consisting of 44 items to 224 students. The KMO sample fit coefficient of the scale developed as a result of the factor analysis was found to be 0.919, the Barlett test x2 value was found to be 2417.603 and p <000.These values reveal a high correlation between variables. After determining the suitability of the scale for factor analysis, factor analysis was performed on the scale. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis performed with the participation of 224 students with the help of Varimax rotation, 21 items that did not fit the structure of the scale or loaded on more than one factor were removed from the scale. As a result of the factor analysis made with the remaining 23 items after the items eliminated as a result of the exploratory factor analysis, a 3-factor structure was obtained. It was determined that the total variance explained by the factors was 54,074%. Content validity of the scale was obtained by obtaining expert opinions. While 224 students participated in the exploratory factor analysis for the construct validity of the scale, 230 students participated in the study for the confirmatory factor analysis. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationship between the total of the items of the scale and the factors, and the Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient of the attitude scale was found to be 0,87.

An Ontological Analysis on Sezai Karakoç's “Masal” Poem

Celal ASLANTalha ÇİÇEK — 2024-08-29

It can be easily said that the modern literature products that exhibit similar subjects in their content benefit from folk literature products that are accepted as a different sub-branch. It is quite common to find traditional codes that we hold in our cultural memory in stories, novels or poems. We see a similar situation in Sezai Karakoç's poem titled “Masal”. Although he is the Second New poet, considered the title of the tale appropriate in his poem and tried to create a fairy tale atmosphere in the introduction of the poem. However, fairy tales are known as oral products that contain traditional codes that are mostly told to children and are later transferred to writing like other folk literature products. Different analysis methods applied in literary works are very important in terms of revealing the literary value of the work. The ontological analysis method, which is an analysis method, can be defined as the comparison of the existence of the work of art and the structures of other entities. In this study, Karakoç's "Masal" poem will be examined ontologically.

Contributions to the

Ramazan BÖLÜKMehmet Dursun ERDEM — 2024-08-29

Today’s Turkey Turkish dialects tend to disappear day by day due to a variety of reasons such as technological advancements, increasing rural-urban migration and literacy rate. In order to prevent these losses, the language materials living in the dialects must be compiled and archived. To this end, “The Journal of Dialect Compilation in Turkey” was issued with the compilation practices of the Turkish Language Research Society. Following the publication of this journal, studies expanded and the “Compilation Dictionary” was created by bringing all the materials together between 1963-1979. There are many words and vocabulary in dialects that have survived for centuries with the written language but have not yet been compiled and recorded in this dictionary. In many parts of Turkey, certain studies are conducted under the name of Contributions to Compilation Dictionary by researchers. One district that has not been studied in this respect is Kaş district of Antalya. In the current study, there are words and vocabulary that were compiled by making use of the texts compiled by Bölük and Erdem between 2008-2010 and Bölük’s own notes. Within the scope of the study, more than 160 words and vocabulary that are not included in the Compilation Dictionary or are included in the dictionary but are not given with the same meaning were given. The aim of the study is to contribute to the Compilation Dictionary and reveal the richness of Turkish Language as well as relatively contributing indirectly to a variety of fields such as etymology, ethnology, folklore, sociology and history.

Nutritional Supplements Used in Racquet Sports

Hakan EKİNSerkan DÜZ — 2024-08-29

Racquet sports include sports branches where the ball is thrown between two or four players in a way that cannot be met by the opponent through the racquet or that leads the opponent to make mistakes. The best-known racquet sports are tennis, badminton, squash and table tennis. The fact that racquet sports are watched by more and more viewers day by day and their popularity increases, these sports have been subject to scientific research and examined in detail. Since racquet sports, by their nature, involve short rest intervals and very intense loading periods, the energy required to overcome these intense loads is provided by both anaerobic and aerobic pathways. Because of the requirements of each sports branch, rules, field dimensions, competition time and frequency, season length, training period, climatic conditions, game level, gender, and age are different, the characteristics of the relevant branch should be taken into consideration in the planning of nutrition strategies. Therefore, as in other sports branches, training and nutrition should be coordinated with each other for top-level success in racquet sports. Athletes need energy above-average energy and consequently nutrition to exhibit a high level of physical performance in training or competitions, to maintain activity, and to accelerate recovery. For this reason, athletes frequently use nutritional supplements to increase their performance. Therefore, the aim of this study is to perform a systematic review of nutritional supplements used in racquet sports.

Antrenörlerin Değerler Eğitimine Yönelik Görüşleri: Elazığ İli Örneği

Abdullah BİNGÖLBALICumaali YAVUZ ,Yunus Emre KARAKAYA — 2024-08-29

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Elazığ ilinde spor kulüplerinde görev yapan antrenörlerin değerler eğitimine yönelik görüşlerini tespit etmektir. Araştırma grubunu, Elazığ ilinde spor kulüplerinde görev yapan 44 antrenör oluşturmaktadır. Elde edilen veriler, lisanslı SPSS 22 paket programı kullanılarak analizler yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, “Değerler eğitimi, çocukların geleceği için önemlidir” maddesine 4.77 ile en çok katılımı gerçekleştirdikleri, “Antrenörlerin antrenman içi etkinliklerinde değerler eğitimi çalışmalarına yer vermelerine gerek yoktur” maddesine 1.97 ile en az katılımı gerçekleştirdikleri tespit edilmiştir. Bazı maddelerde bağımsız değişkenlerde (Cinsiyet, Değerler Eğitimiyle İlgili Kurs/Seminer Alma Durumu ve Eğitim Durumu) istatiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, antrenörler ve spor çalıştırıcıları, sporcularla en kolay iletişim kurabilecek ayrıcalığa sahiptir. Bu sebeple değerler eğitimi konusunda, en fazla etkili olabilecek kişiler olarak karşımıza çıkabilmektedirler. Sporcularla antrenörlerin etkileşim sürecinde, değerler eğitimine yönelik bir içerik antrenör programlarına eklenebilir.

Farklı Branşlardaki Öğretmenlerin Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenlerinin Yeterliklerine İlişkin Görüşleri

Mehmet Hasan SELÇUKYasin KARACA — 2024-08-29

Bu çalışmada, farklı branşlardaki öğretmenlerin beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenlerinin yeterliliklerine ilişkin görüşlerinin cinsiyet, yaş, medeni durum, öğretim çalışma yılı, okul türü ve branş değişkenlerine göre incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Adıyaman ili Gölbaşı ilçesi merkez okullarında görev yapan basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemine göre seçilen 186 gönüllü öğretmen oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada "Farklı Branşlardan Öğretmenlerin Beden Eğitimi Öğretmenlerinin Yeterliliklerine İlişkin Görüşleri Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. Tanımlayıcı istatistikler için araştırma veri analizi, frekans ve yüzde analizi; ilişkisiz ölçümlerdeki ortalama puanları karşılaştırmak için varyans analizi (Tek yönlü ANOVA, bağımsız örneklem t testi), hangi gruplar arasında anlamlı farkın olduğunu belirlemek için Tukey testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda farklı branşlardaki öğretmenlerin beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin yeterliliklerine ilişkin görüşlerinin yaş, medeni durum, okul türü değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılıklar ortaya çıktığı tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre yaş düzeyi yüksek olan, evli olan ve lisede görev yapan farklı branştaki öğretmenlerin, beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin yeterliklerine ilişkin görüşlerinde anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu görülmüştür.

Child Sexual Abuse and Social Risk Factors

Ahmet ÇETİNTAŞErsan ERSOY ,Yaşar KAYA ,Yeliz AKSÜT — 2024-08-29

Child sexual abuse is an issue that causes important social problems in addition to individual victimization and traumas, but is not wanted to be revealed. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the social risk factors that cause child sexual abuse and to determine the results of the victimization cycle experienced as a result of abuse. The data of the study were obtained by examining the forensic case files of a total of 678 children under the age of 18 who were sexually abused and referred to the Child Monitoring Center by forensic institutions in Malatya between 2015 and 2019. The files were analyzed using Content Analysis. As a result of the study, it was observed that negligent and indifferent parental behaviors, lack of love and affection, domestic violence, economic difficulties, and alcohol and drug use of family members were effective in child sexual abuse cases. In addition, it was determined that sexual abuse cases were concealed due to the concern of harming family privacy, and stigma concerns of the victims and their families played a role here. Again, it was determined that the understanding of honor that places women at the center of the society and is defined over women, stereotypes accepting that men are important and valuable, and women are potential criminals, and gender inequality are effective in keeping sexual abuses hidden.

Bukhari’s Explanation the Rare Words in the Hadith Texts by the Qur’anic Verses (The Case of al-Jami al-Sahih)

Ekrem YÜCEL — 2024-08-29

Bukhari’s scientific competence and his success in classification and arrangement have an effect in the reputation of al-Jami al-Sahih, which is accepted as the most reliable book in hadith literature. Although al-Jami al-Sahih is a hadith book actually, it also contains some explanations about verses and hadiths because Bukhari wants to reach a judgment by evaluating the verses and hadiths that he transmitted together. In this context, it is one of the methods that he uses to explain the rare words in the hadith by verses and when necessary to benefit from narratives for this purpose. The main purpose of this method is to determine the common words between the hadith and the verse and to explain the hadith by the original word or similar ones in the Qur’an. However, it is also seen that instead of the word in the hadith text, another synonymous word is explained or used to take attention to the fact that words are different from each other. Generally, Bukhari makes these kinds of explanations after transmitting hadiths, but sometimes does at the beginning of heading of the sub-chapters (abwāb). It is clear that explanation of the rare words in the hadith texts by verse will contribute to the understanding and interpretation of the hadith under the supervision of the Qur’an. However, it is not possible to claim that it is the only method of understanding and interpretation, and it is also too difficult to apply it to all hadith texts.

Reflection of Participation As a Culture on Local Level Administration: The Case of Eskişehir Metropolitan Municipality

Sinem ŞAHNAGİL — 2024-08-29

The development and spread of understanding and values of democracy featured the administrative dimension of participation and brought about an effort to put forward a structure in which the people are included in the management mechanism as much as possible. This has changed the nature of the relationship between the public service beneficiary and the service provider. With this case has passed to a period that predicting for both the public and practitioners to actively participate in the process of making administrative decisions and policy-making. Encouraging participation has taken its place among the main goals. Local governments have been accepted as the most suitable environments in terms of creating and maintaining a culture of participation. The aim of the study is to tackle the concept of participation culture with its administrative, in other words, bureaucratic and organizational dimensions and to analyze both the perspectives on the participation of the employees, who providing services work under the umbrella of the municipality at the local level and how the culture of intra-organizational participation is shaped on the basis of solidarity, cooperation and participation in parallel with the new administrative approaches. This study is a field research. Eskişehir Metropolitan Municipality was preferred as a field of application and a questionnaire consisting of 5 demographic questions and 20 proposals was applied to 260 employees working under the umbrella of the municipality. As a result of the research, it was observed that the employees had a willing and positive profile in the participation processes, but they could not fully actively and effectively participate in the decision-making and policy-making process. Among the primary reasons for this situation, depending on the operating habits of the management channel, there is a relationship network model that has more bureaucratic features in subordinate-superior relations within the institution. Accordingly, in the study, it was determined what could be done to solve the problems by drawing attention to possible deficiencies regarding the internal functioning of the organization, and suggestions were developed in order to establish a more effective and democratic metropolitan tradition.

Factors Affecting Labor Force Participation by Gender: Health Status, Socio-Economic and Demographic Variables

Banu BEYAZ SİPAHİ — 2024-08-29

Labor force participation is important in terms of increasing economic activities and ensuring development. Because labor force participation rate between genders varies in Turkey, the study estimated the models for men and women separately. The aim of the study is to examine the effects of socio-economic and demographic variables besides obesity, health status, effects of alcohol and smoking, on the employment status of labor force participants with ‘’2016 Health Survey’’ data. It was analyzed by the multinominal logit regression method. According to model results, women are lower in employment status than men. As the level of education is important in employment. According to being out of employment for women, the risk of being out of work was high at high education level. It can also be said that there is a negative relationship between household income and the preferences of employment. Especially for women, the increase in household income and education level makes them be shyer about employment status.

Observing the Reaction of Corporations on Social Issues in Advertisements: Examination of Ads in the Process Including COVID19 Initial and Its First Peak

Sarp BAĞCAN — 2024-08-29

The Covid 19 pandemic poses major economic and health problems worldwide. The disease, which has become a social problem with the combination of economy and health problems in national and global levels, has brought uncertainty and threats in the social order, especially from the first moment it emerged. At this point, the behaviors of public and private institutions (corporations) may intersect to meet the feelings and needs of both the economy and people in this new era. Turkey and the world is in a panic and negativity. People withdraw from the workforce due to health concerns, unemployment, etc. feel the concerns at the same time. Panic is especially high at the outbreak of the pandemic, when the uncertainty is at its highest, and is a process worth examining with the chaos it creates. In this environment, in order to observe the approaches of institutions to society, “Which appeals are used in related advertisements during a pandemic (social panic)?”, “How do companies/brands react and act in terms of communication in a time of social panic?” questions were asked. In this respect, five of the related advertisements made by these corporations when the pandemic first appeared were selected. In the study, the reaction, emotional and rational messages of the corporations to the society with these advertisements were evaluated in the context of Pollay's advertising appeals. It is seen that corporations tried to understand the public's emotions and rationality, and respond to public's expectations. In this process, it was observed that the threats were given in an ambiguous and reduced form, and the positive rational messages conveyed in emotionality were given quite clearly. It has been observed that corporations act in accordance with the sense of society.

Yapay Zekânın Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri Üzerine Etkisi

Şebnem ÖZDEMİRPınar ÖZUYAR ,Mustafa SUNDU — 2024-08-29

Daha iyi bir dünya sloganı ile geliştirilen yapay zekâ, pek çok alanda potansiyeli ortaya koymaktadır. Ancak bu iyi niyete rağmen yapay zekâ tabanlı sistemler önyargı, yanılgı, sapmaya neden olmakta ve toplumsal önyargıları keskinleştirmektedir. Daha kuvvetli yapay zeka tabanlı sistemler, önyargısız makineler oluşturmak için toplanan işlenen depolanan yüksek yığınlı veriler ise yüksek enerji sarfıyatı, ekolojik bozulmalara yol açmaktadır. Yapay zekanın sürdürülebilirlik alanına entegre edilmesine yönelik tüm çalışmalara rağmen, temel kısıt geliştiricinin bakış açısıdır. Bu çalışmada sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları’na yapay zekânın katkısının nasıl gerçekleştiği araştırılmıştır. Bu noktada yapay zekâ alanında geliştirici olarak çalışan, eğitim almış 30 bireyden analitik hiyerarşi prosesi kullanılarak veri toplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak geliştiriciler yapay zekânın en çok endüstri, ekonomi ile ilgili alanlarda katkı yapacağına inanırken, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği tarafında önyargı, yanılgı ve sapma sorunları nedeniyle yok denecek kadar az katkı yapacağına inandıkları anlaşılmıştır.

The Effect of Financial Literacy Education Model Associated with the Field on Financial Literacy and Financial Attitudes of Social Studies Teacher Candidates

Hayati ADALARBahri ATA — 2024-08-29

In this study, it was sought an answer to the question how to improve the financial literacy of social studies teacher candidates. In this context, it is aimed to reveal that the effectiveness of implementation of the financial literacy education model [FL-EM] developed by the researcher integrating into the Economics course given within the scope of social studies education in Turkey on teacher candidates’ financial literacy and financial attitudes. In the study, it was followed the "convergent parallel pattern" procedure, which is one of the mixed method designs in which quantitative and qualitative research models are used together in order to obtain a rich variety of data. Concordantly, the experimental method was used for the quantitative dimension of the research and the case study method was used for the qualitative dimension. The study group of the study consisted of 76 teacher candidates (37 girls and 39 boys) studying at the first grade level of social studies education at the education faculty of a state university. In the study, "Financial Literacy Test" and "Financial Literacy Attitude and Behavior Scale" were used to collect quantitative data. In order to collect qualitative data, the "semi-structured interview form" created by the researcher within the framework of the focus group interview technique was used. In order to collect qualitative data, the "semi-structured interview form" created by the researcher within the framework of the focus group interview technique was used. The implementation and data collection process of the research lasted 14 weeks in total within the scope of the "Economy" course given in the spring semester of the 2015-2016 academic year. The results of the research revealed that the financial literacy teaching activities implemented within the FL-EM integrated into the Economics course had a statistically significant and positive effect on the financial literacy and financial attitudes and behaviors of social studies teacher candidates. In addition, it was concluded that the results obtained from the focus group interviews substantially supported the findings obtained with quantitative data collection tools.

The Effect of the General Elections Held Between 1980-2010 on the Budget Deficit in Turkey for the Reasons

İsmail CİĞERCİTülin CANBAY — 2024-08-29

In this study, the effect of election economy practices on the budget deficits in the general elections held in Turkey between 1980 and 2010 has been tried to be discussed with trend analysis. First of all, theoretical information about the budget deficits is given, and then the election economics practices are analyzed in detail by considering the variables of public expenditures, public revenues and budget deficit in the election periods between1980-2010. While conducting the economic analysis between 1980 and 2010, election periods are generally taken as five-year periods in order to see the relationship between the years more easily. Thus, since the variables in the pre-election and post-election periods are clearly seen, more realistic information about the election economy practice about that period is obtained. When analyzed in terms of both public expenditures and public revenues, different results were obtained in each election period. However, populist policies were implemented by using public expenditures during election periods. Increasing transfer expenditures and current expenditures among public expenditures, especially during election periods, is the most typical election economy practice. However, in some election periods, public revenue tools were also used by the governments as an election economy application. In summary, in most of the election periods, governments have implemented electoral economy by increasing public expenditures and reducing public revenues.