Tarih Okulu Dergisi, Year 2021 Issue LIII

Türk-Amerikan İlişkilerinde "Model Ortaklık" Kavramının Suriye Çatışması Sırasında Yeniden Değerlendirilmesi, (2009-2016)

Devrim ÜMİT — 2024-08-29

Turkey and the United States enjoyed a security-centered relationship upon the former’s becoming a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1952. This was challenged with an envision of model partnership in 2009 to transform the relationship into a multidimensional cooperation with the mutual interests respected. Largely drawing on the materials from the White House Archives, a wide array of Presidential collections, this article aims at the careful re-reading of the construction stage of “model partnership” to demonstrate how the concept was spontaneously spelled out without being a pre-formulated and mutually endorsed policy concept and the examination of the Turkish-American relations based on the concept during the Syrian conflict up until the coup attempt of July 15, 2016 in Turkey. The article, being the first study to highlight how the concept first aired, concludes that looking into the construction stage of the notion will bear well-grounded analyses on Turkish-American relations within the concept and that the complexity of the Syrian conflict, particularly the divergent positions of the parties towards the opposition groups, called this process into question as both Turkey and the United States did not find easy agreement on aspects of their national interests and security concerns and fast moved away from the “model partnership,” a vague redefinition of bilateral relations and a concept officially referred by Turkey alone.

The Gulf of Persian in the Age of Mongol (1220-1335)

Özkan DAYI — 2024-08-29

With the dominance of the Mongols in Iran, the trade centers of the Persian Gulf, which were in the hands of the governments in the Southern Iran region, came under the control of the Ilkhanate State indirectly. Persian Gulf trade was one of the important trade routes of the Ilkhanate State in the XIII. century. The trade over the Persian Gulf reached the important stops of the spice route trade through the Oman and Hind seas. Through the Persian Gulf, Ilkhanians were transporting precious goods, brought from Arabia, India, China and Southeast Asia to Europe. The Persian Gulf, which had a very rich commercial life in the age of the Ilkhanians, was also one of the important pillars of the economic structure of the Ilkhanate State. In this context, we will evaluate the Persian Gulf, which has a valuable place in the medieval commercial activities in this geography during the domination of the Ilkhanid State, and the trade route of Oman and the Indian Sea and the important trade ports of this region, which this gulf is adjacent to them. The relations of the local governments, which are located in the vicinity of the Persian Gulf and which are subject to the Ilkhanians, who are subject to the Ilkhanians, and the reflection of this relationship on the trade of the Persian Gulf, will be another issue that we will try to address in our study.

The Pandemics that Caused to Social Earthquakes and Migrations in the 17th Century Ottoman Empire

Osman KİMYA — 2024-08-29

Abstract Diseases were one of the biggest problems that societies encountered since the beginning of humanity. Those diseases which became pandemics had huge impact on socio-economic, cultural, military, and political situations throughout history. Pandemics are viewed as one of the most important causes of large-scale deaths. They also caused severe injuries. As the interaction between societies increased, the spreading speed of the pandemics also increased. The Ottoman Empire which ruled over a large territory that was at the junction of important trade routes was specifically affected by this situation. Therefore, the Ottoman State was also influenced from pandemics several times and had to fight against them. By looking at the pandemics occurred in the 17th Century Ottoman Empire, this study analyzes the negative impacts of pandemics on state and society. Furthermore, the economic problems and migration movements caused by the pandemics will be analyzed as well.

An Example of the Survey Registers of the Bosphorus Fortresses: The Survey Register Dated 1796

Seydi Vakkas TOPRAKHasan ARSLAN — 2024-08-29

While the Ottoman State was losing the battles against Russia in the second half of the 18^thcentury, the victorious Russia step by step approached its goal of reaching the warm seas. Russia, which occupied Crimea during the war of 1768-1774, had a military force in the Black Sea, and also burned the Ottoman fleet by passing through the Strait of Gibraltar to the Mediterranean. Russia's gaining mobility in both the Black Sea and the Mediterranean made the Ottoman capital vulnerable to future attacks through the Straits. The Ottoman State, which did not allow the military ships of foreign states to sail through the Straits until Küçük Kaynarca Treaty, started the fortification of the Straits in order to ensure its own security. As well as the fact that the fortresses and fortifications in Dardanelles were strengthened, fortresses were reinforced with artillery and ammunition. Since the Russian threat was mainly expected from the Black Sea, the arbitration of the Bosphorus in terms of military fortifications, soldiers and ammunition has become an important issue for the Ottoman State in order to defend the capital. Construction activities in the Bosphorus castles were carried out within the framework of pre-decided plans. Like other large public buildings, the construction activities in the castles were carried out by the state. The construction works in these castles are under the responsibility of the chief architect of Hassa. Together with the chief architect, the treasurer, the Bosphorus minister, the building overseer of the Bosphorus castles, an engineer and the building trustee appointed for each castle first made explorations in the castles where the construction would take place. The expeditions recorded the area to be built, the parts to be built and their probable expenses in the exploration book in the presence of the commanders and officers of each castle. The main source of this study is an exploration book prepared by the chief architect during the exploration made in 1796 for the structures to be repaired and rebuilt in the five castles on the Bosphorus. With the help of the literature on the subject, the book in question in the Ottoman Archive will be deciphered and evaluated. Thus, determinations will be made about the preparation, exploration, exploration committee, the arrangement of the exploration logs, the approximate cost induction and the implementation of the construction plan before the construction and repair activities in the castles started.

Socioeconomic and Psychological Indicators of the Covid-19 Pandemic and Its Effects on Turkish Education System

Ramazan YİRCİTuncay Yavuz ÖZDEMİR — 2024-08-29

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected the entire world and has caused very important changes in people's lives. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic were not only limited to human health, but strongly felt in every aspect of life. Even the daily routines of people have changed because of the measures taken to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic; concepts such as mask, distance, cleaning have become frequently mentioned around the world. As in all other sectors, the education sector has also been deeply affected by this change and transformation, and most educational institutions have taken a break from face-to-face education and switched to emergency remote teaching. In this arduous process, after the closure of educational institutions, online education has been started at every level in Turkey. While the Ministry of National Education carried out its online education activities in cooperation with the Education Information Network and TRT, universities tried to manage this process through distance education units and various software tools. In this study, in the context of national and international literature, it is aimed to analyze the new situation (new normal) that emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic process in Turkey and to discuss the sociocultural and economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of education. The study was designed in the descriptive survey model and was carried out with the literature review method. Within the scope of the reviewed literature, some proactive solutions and suggestions were presented in order to minimize the negative effects of the current crisis on the Turkish National Education system as a response to the global education crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Views of the Classroom Teachers on Speaking Skills in Turkish Lessons

Başak KASA AYTENBünyamin HATİPOĞLU — 2024-08-29

This study examines the views of classroom teachers on speaking skills in Turkish lessons. The case study model, one of the qualitative research approaches, was applied for this purpose. 17 of the primary school teachers working in a province located in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey selected with the convenience sampling method make up the research group of this study. The data of the research was obtained by semi-structured interview form and the content analysis method was used for their analysis. As a result of the findings, teachers stated that many elements such as the environment and emotional factors affect the speaking skill which was defined as self-expression and communication. While most commonly using the question-answer technique for speaking education, they also referred to techniques such as drama, brainstorming, and reading rhymes a little bit. Being evaluated by observation, speaking anxiety was addressed as the most common problem in speaking skills, and it was underlined that it is necessary to bring up self-confidence and cooperate with families as a solution. To make speaking skill education more qualified, the classroom teachers particularly recommended teacher training.

Türkçe Öğretmen Adaylarının Merak ve Keşfetme Düzeylerinin Bazı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi

Mete Yusuf USTABULUT — 2024-08-29

Bu araştırmanın amacı Türkçe öğretmen adaylarının merak ve keşfetme düzeylerini ve bu düzeylerini etkileyen değişkenleri incelemektir. Araştırmada nicel araştırma desenlerinden tarama (survey) modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma evrenini Bayburt Üniversitesi Türkçe Eğitimi Bölümü öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Merak ve Keşfetme Ölçeği II ve öğrencilerin sosyo-demografik niteliklerini belirlemek amacıyla Kişisel Bilgi Formu (KBF) kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri, gönüllülük esasına dayalı olarak çevrimiçi olarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde anlam çıkarıcı nicel istatistikler kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen veri seti normal dağılım sağlamadığı için verilerin analizinde parametrik olmayan testlerden Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal Wallis testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının merak ve keşfetme düzeylerinin cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi, yaş, anne ve baba eğitim düzeyi, ailelerin gelir düzeyi ve yaşanılan coğrafi bölgeye açısından farklılaşmadığı bulgulanmıştır.

Implicit Codes in Turkish Textbooks

Ramazan ŞİMŞEK — 2024-08-29

Textbooks are a guide for teachers and students in terms of non-formal and formal education processes. Textbooks are used by the Ministry of National Education after being inspected in terms of content, design, curriculum and constitutional requirements. It contains academic contents as well as social, cultural and social inputs. Academic content is usually included in the formal curriculum, while other factors are embedded in the so-called implicit curriculum. The implicit curriculum is directly influenced by the worldview of the individual, society, institution or official authority that shapes it. Naturally, the textbooks contain sociocultural inputs, structures that construct the meaning-value world of the society and social sensitivities, and these structures are transferred to the target audience through the implicit curriculum. In this study, the behavior, attitude and mental schemes indicated by the implicit curriculum in the textbook approved by the Ministry of National Education were investigated; Content analysis was preferred in the analysis of data; executive priorities, behaviors, attitudes and schemes that indicate the target audience have been determined. In this context, it has been determined that traditional values are observed through the implicit curriculum, and students' determination to work is desired. In addition, students should make good use of existing opportunities by comparing their reasoning skills, and their controlled use of technology; It was pointed out that they should develop their empathy skills towards the increasing foreign population in our country and avoid racism. Finally, it was determined that the isolation and individualization brought about by modernism were criticized and students' working together and being organized were supported by the implicit curriculum.

Opinions of Classroom Teacher Candidates on Writing: A Phenomenology Research

Fatih CANYakup ALAN — 2024-08-29

The opinions, attitudes or behaviors of teachers and teacher candidates have an important role in terms of the knowledge and skills that they will help students to achieve. Therefore, the attitudes or opinions of teacher candidates towards writing are also important in this respect. The reason is that in order for the students to develop their writing skills and to enable them to engage in the act of writing, teachers first need to use these skill themselves. The aim of this research is to reveal the thoughts of classroom teacher candidates about writing. For this purpose, the sample of the study, which was prepared by using the phenomenology design, which is one of the qualitative research methods, consists of 27 teacher candidates studying in the Primary Education Program of the Faculty of Education of Amasya University. In the selection of the sample, easily accessible case sampling was preferred. The data of the study were collected using a semi-structured interview form prepared by the researchers and shaped after receiving expert opinion. The obtained data were subjected to descriptive analysis and the findings were presented in tables and interpreted. According to the results of the research, it was revealed that the primary school teacher candidates usually do occasional writing exercises. Writing means more self-expression for them. They usually write essays. They write mostly to express their feelings and to relax. Before they start writing, they make various preparations and they have an awareness of the qualities that should be found in a good article.

The Effect of Writing Education Course on Writing Skills of Turkish Teacher Candidates

Bilge BAĞCI AYRANCI — 2024-08-29

In the study, one group pre-test and post-test design was used among the “real experimental design” models, which is one of the quantitative research methods. The data obtained were evaluated on a scale by taking into consideration the mean scores of the two experts. The participants of the researcher were chosen among the students of the faculty of education on a voluntary basis. Participant data were provided among the prospective Turkish teacher students who took Writing Education course at the undergraduate level in the 2018-2019 academic year. During the research, among the students of the faculty of education who did not take the Writing Education course, the first writings were written to the Turkish teacher candidates. These writings were evaluated with a scale in the literature by taking into consideration the average scores of two different experts, and then the second writings on the subject of freelance were re-written to Turkish teacher candidates after the Writing Education course. Since the Writing Education course is a practical course and is based on skills training, it is important in developing the writing skills of prospective teachers. The effectiveness of the Writing Education lessons is important in training teachers who will serve as role models for students in terms of writing skills. In this respect, the results of the article are important. Considering the evaluation of the writings of the participants before and after taking the Writing Education course, it can be said that the positive scores increase after taking the course.

Investigating the Educational Outcomes of Including 5th Grades in Secondary School after the Implementation of 4+4+4 Staging System

Eyüp İZCİÖzlem GÖKTAŞ — 2024-08-29

The aim of this research is to investigate educational outcomes of including 5^th grades in secondary school after the implementation of current 4+4+4 staging system according to teachers' opinions. The research was designed based on exploratory mixed method model. The qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interview forms, while the quantitative data were collected using a scale was developed by the researcher. To collect qualitative data, interviews were done with 44 teachers. To collect quantitative data, "Teachers’ Opinion Scale on the Educational Outcomes of Including 5^thGrade in Secondary School with 4+4+4 Staging System” developed by the researcher was administered to 637 teachers. On the qualitative dimension of the research, when the themes are evaluated separately, it is seen that the most positive result is in "Pedagogical Content Knowledge" theme and the most negative results are in "Students' Childish Behaviours" and "Students' Educational Levels" themes in terms of teachers. Meanwhile, it is also seen that in terms of students the most positive result is in "Happiness of Student" and the most negative results are in "Not Getting Used to Branch Teachers" and "Emotional Emptiness" themes. On the quantitative dimension of the research, teachers find elective subjects negative, they are indecisive in terms of students and curriculum, and they found positive educational results for teachers.

Assessment of Distance Learning and Face to Face Education Applications by Primary School Teachers

Mümine Güher ÖZERCAN İLHANHilal KAZU ,Ferhat BAHÇECİ — 2024-08-29

The purpose of the research is to evaluate the opinions of primary school teachers on distance education and face-to-face education. Teachers who teach with face-to-face education applications have started distance education as a result of countries' transition to distance education with the Covid-19 virus spreading rapidly around the world. Although this process was difficult for primary school teachers who did not have experience in distance education applications, it enabled teachers to closely familiarize themselves with distance education applications and facilitated their comparative evaluation of face-to-face education and distance education. The data was collected by interview technique in this research which was carried out via phenomenology, which is one of the qualitative research patterns. Descriptive analysis method was used for analyzing the data. The data of the study was obtained through interviews with 15 active working classroom teachers in the 2019-2020 academic year. It was determined that the teachers who participated in the study spent the process more efficiently in relation to their experience of using technology, but teachers who had less experience in using technology had difficulties during the process. Teachers stated that parent support is very important because of the small age group of the students in the distance education process. Participants mentioned that distance education can be used in case of necessity, however they prefer face-to-face education rather than dıstance education in normal conditions. In conclusion, it is thought that diversification and increase of the in-service training should be given to teachers in terms of the quality of education, and providing the training for parents at the same time could be beneficial.

A Comparison of Vocational Courses in Turkey, United States and Australian Faculties of Education

Ahmet AykanŞefik KARTAL — 2024-08-29

In general, the fields determined by higher education institutions that train teachers are; it is seen that there is occupational knowledge, field knowledge and general culture. In this context, it is thought that it is very important to consider the teacher training processes of countries that are successful within the scope of educational activities and to examine this process carefully. In this study, it was aimed to compare the vocational knowledge courses offered within the Penn State University (USA) and Queensland University (Australia) Faculties of Education, which are at the top of the success rankings within the scope of Education Faculties, with the vocational knowledge courses in the new program in our country. Within the scope of the research, document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. In this study, in which the horizontal comparison approach was used, the data were analyzed by descriptive analysis method. In this regard, Turkey, United States and teacher training programs of vocational knowledge courses in Australia, the course and content of the loans have dealt with similar and different aspects. When the data obtained are examined; On the basis of these data, it is suggested that the courses in our country can be rearranged with a more simple, up-to-date and practical content.

Philosophy Books in Teaching the Values Placed in the Social Studies Curriculum: The Case of Stoics

Mustafa DOLMAZGenç Osman İLHAN — 2024-08-29

This research aims to determine how the books written by the late stoic philosophers can be used in teaching the values in the social studies curriculum. The research is designed in qualitative research design and the document analysis method is used. One each work written by Marcus Aurelius, Seneca, and Epictetus, who are the late stoic writers are identified as the study group of the study. While determining the study group, criterion sampling which is one of the sampling methods is used. The value analysis form developed by the researchers was used to collect the related data. The findings of the study present that expressions directly related to all the values that are included in the social studies programs and intended to be acquired by the students along with the root values that social studies aiming to bring students in just as the other disciplines are generally included in the sampled books. As a result of the research, it is concluded that stoic artifacts at which values such as justice, giving importance to family unity, independence, peace, scientificness, diligence, solidarity, friendship, sensitivity, honesty, aesthetics, equality, freedom, self-control, patience, respect, love, responsibility, austerity, patriotism, and charity can be seen could be used to bring the students in them.

A Study on the Relationship between Pre-service Teachers' Earthquake Awareness and Earthquake Preparedness Levels

Ömer TÜRKSEVER — 2024-08-29

This study was carried out to examine the earthquake awareness levels of pre-service teachers in terms of various variables (gender, place of residence and number of floors of the house/dormitory they live in) and to reveal the relationship between earthquake zone awareness levels and earthquake preparedness levels. The study was carried out in a survey design as a quantitative research. Surveys are studies that collect data to identify various characteristics of any group. The study group of the research consisted of 99 (73.3%) females and 36 (26.7%) students studying in Social Studies, mathematics and science education at Yozgat Bozok University Faculty of Education in the 2020-2021 academic year. consists of a total of 135 teacher candidates, including male. For the study, the "Earthquake Knowledge Level" factor of the "Earthquake Knowledge Level" scale and the "Earthquake Preparedness" factors of the "Sustainable Earthquake Awareness" scale were used for the data collection tool, Genç and Sözen (2021).According to the results of the study, it can be said that the knowledge level of the pre-service teachers about the awareness of earthquake zones is high. Again, it can be said that the awareness of pre-service teachers about the effects of earthquakes is high. There is no significant difference between the gender of the pre-service teachers and the sub-dimension of knowledge of earthquake zones [t (135) = 0.376; p>.05].There is a statistically significant difference between pre-service teachers' awareness of earthquake zones and the number of floors in the house/dormitory they live in [F (2-135)= 5.85; p< .05]. According to the results of the study, it was seen that the pre-service teachers had awareness about the earthquake, but this knowledge did not turn into action. According to these results, it can be suggested that teacher candidates have activities that will turn into action against earthquakes.

Investigation of Self-Organization and Information Sharing Status of Turkish Teacher Candidates in Online Learning Environments during Covid-19 Process

Muhammed TUNAGÜR — 2024-08-29

In this study, it was aimed to examine the level of knowledge sharing behaviors of Turkish teacher candidates in online learning environments and their online self-regulation and the relationship between them. The research was carried out with a scanning model. The study group of the research consists of a total of 198 Turkish teacher candidates, 121 of whom are female and 77 male, studying at Agri İbrahim Çeçen University and Van Yuzuncu Yil University. Easy accessibility sampling, which is one of the purposeful sampling methods, was preferred in the study. The data collection tools of the research consist of "Information Sharing Behavior Scale" and "Online Self-Regulation Scale". Independent samples t-test, one-way variance analysis and Pearson correlation were used in the data analysis of the study. According to the results of the research, it was concluded that Turkish teacher candidates' knowledge sharing behaviors in online learning environments and online self-regulation did not make a significant difference according to gender and grade variable. It was concluded that information sharing behaviors and online self-regulation made a significant difference in terms of the daily online frequency variable. In addition, it was found that there was a strong and positive relationship between online information sharing situations and online self-regulation situations. Some suggestions were made in line with the results obtained.

A Different Touch of Technology to Our Lives: Being Online in Family Education

Burcu GEZER ŞENYelda SEVİM — 2024-08-29

In this study, the effects of technological developments on education and consequently on family, marriage and divorce education are discussed. Nowadays, there is an increase in online training with the effect of epidemic diseases. The recent increases in divorce rates show us how important pre-marriage, divorce and post-divorce training is. The history of family, marriage and divorce education abroad is old. Although pre-marital and marital education is relatively common in our country, it is seen that divorce education is very low. Online technologies are a functional alternative to family, marriage and divorce education. In order to meet the needs of our country, it is necessary to develop and update family, marriage and divorce trainings suitable for the society in a scientific framework. Family trainings aim to strengthen the relationships at home and support the development of the family. Marriage training aims to enable individuals to marry or married couples to get to know each other better and to establish a healthy communication. The purpose of divorce trainings is to increase the knowledge of husbands and wives who decide to divorce about how to cope with the stress and negativities that may arise during and after the divorce process, to accelerate the adaptation process of the children regarding the new life with the conclusion of the divorce, and to minimize the conflicts and negative effects that may arise between individuals. These trainings are extremely important for the mental health of children, parents and their immediate environment. Increasing these trainings is important for public health.

The Effect of Self-Regulation Education Program Prepared for Pre-School Children Aged 60-72 Months on the Development of Self-Regulation Skills of Children

Hande Hasibe ARSLANSerpil PEKDOĞAN — 2024-08-29

Considering the importance self-regulation skills have gained in international pre-school literature, it seems that these skills should be emphasized as much as other skills that are tried to be developed in the pre-school period. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to examine the effect of self-regulation education program in the pre-school period on the development of self-regulation skills of 60-72 month-old children attending pre-school. The study has a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. A total of 46 children (23 in the experimental, 23 in the control group) aged between 60-72 months who are attending kindergarten participated in the study. The research data were collected using the Self-Regulation Skills Scale for Age 4–6 (Teacher Form). The "Pre-School Self-Regulation Skills Education Program" was implemented with children in the experimental group three times a week for seven weeks. Comparison of the pre-test scores of the experimental and control groups was made using t-test for independent samples and the pre-test-post-test comparisons were made using t-test for the paired samples. In the study, it was found that there was a significant difference between the scores of self-regulation skills of the children in the experimental and control groups and that the implemented education program resulted in a desirable and effective outcome. Various suggestions were made based on the results obtained from the study.

Examination of The Relationship Between Social Justice Leadership of School Principals and Organizational Identification of Teachers and Loyalty to The Principal

Necati ÇOBANOĞLU — 2024-08-29

This study aims to examine the relationship between primary school principals 'social justice leadership and teachers' organizational identification and loyalty to the principal. The model of the research is the relational model. The sampling method in the research is the simple random method. The data were collected from 428 primary school teachers working in state schools in Malatya in the 2020-2021 academic year. Data collection tools are the "Social Justice Leadership Scale" developed by Bozkurt (2017); the "Organizational Identification Scale" developed by Mael and Ashforth (1992) and adapted into Turkish by Tüzün (2006); the "Loyalty to the Manager Scale" developed by Chen et al (2002) and adapted into Turkish by Ceylan and Doğanyılmaz (2007). While analyzing the data, arithmetic mean, T-test, ANOVA test, correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were performed. As a result of the research; In primary schools, principals' leadership of social justice, organizational identification of teachers and loyalty levels to the principal were at the level of “Generally High”. It has been observed that there are positive, moderate and significant relationships between principals 'social justice leadership and teachers' organizational identification and loyalty to the principal. In addition, it was concluded that the social justice leadership of principals predicted teachers' organizational identification and their loyalty to the principal.

Okul Öncesi Dönemde Sosyal-Duygusal Uyum Konusunda Türkiye’de Yapılan Araştırmalara Yönelik Bir İncelenme

Seda ŞAHİNNuran Çalış TOKTANIŞ — 2024-08-29

The development progress of children in the preschool period is quite fast. In this period, they acquire social and emotional skills thanks to the support of their parents at home and preschool teachers at school. By means of the social skills acquired, children adapt socially both to the school and to their peers. Social-emotional adjustment is especially important for children's early socialization. This study aimed to determine the social-emotional adjustment of preschool children by examining the distributions of the research conducted in the body of literature in Turkey, according to the publishing types, models, working groups, issues, data collection tools, and data analysis methods. The research was prepared by examining a total of 32 studies including 21 masters’, three doctoral dissertations, and eight articles, which included the phrase "social-emotional adjustment " between 2006 and 2020, they were scanned in the YÖK thesis center, Google Academic and Ulakbim databases. Content analysis method was used in the analysis of the data. The analyzes conducted show that there were no studies on social emotional adjustment in the pre-school period in 2009 and 2011; researches are mostly done in scanning model; Although the study group was composed of children, mostly the data were taken from teachers and mothers; Among these studies, studies that associate the social emotional adjustment of children with parenting roles and intra-family relationships are predominant; It has been revealed that "Marmara Social Emotional Adaptation Scale” is used in 25 of these studies to determine the social emotional adjustment of children

Approaches of Turkist to Women Issue Within the Yeni Felsefe Mecmuası (Magazine/Journal of New Philosophy)

Bahattin ÇATMA — 2024-08-29

Ottoman-Turkish modernization became more complete after the declaration of the Tanzimat Edict. So that, in addition to military, political and economic issues, the social issues also became discussed elements by the Ottoman statesmen and intellectual environment. “Woman” is one of the main issues of aforementioned social issues. Considering the desire to carry out the modernization phenomenon through women, this issue also gains importance. Although their orientations were different, the intellectual enterprises of the last period of the Ottoman Empire, whose aims were common, displayed their own approaches to social issues. This difference of approach has also manifested itself in the place of women and women in social life. The mentioned issue was also examined in the meeting places, which prioritized Turkishness as a political, social and cultural way of thinking as an opportunity to salute the Ottoman State and some ideas were put forward. In this inspired study, Yeni Felsefe Mecmuası, which can be considered as one of the important journals for the idea of Turkism, focused on the way the "woman" issue is handled and what kinds of opinions are put forward about this issue. The study was written by taking the Yeni Felsefe Mecmuası into the center.

A Semiotic Approach to Award-Winning Children's Books

Ayşegül AVŞAR TUNCAY — 2024-08-29

When a children’s book receives awards, it often gets translated into various languages and reaches more readers. The children’s book used in the present study was the winner of the picture book category at the annual Parents’ Choice Awards (PCA) in 2016. The book Madeline Finn and the Library Dog was written and illustrated by the award-winning author Lisa Papp. It draws inspiration from the “Read to Dogs” project and aims to use dogs to encourage children who have difficulty reading. Award-winning books are expected to intrigue the reader with details, have a good plot, feature relatable themes, and contain a deeper layer of meaning within the text. Semiotics developed further after the 1960s and applied across fields such as photography, architecture, advertising, film, fashion, and texts, and continues to be an influential approach. Used especially in text analysis, this approach thoroughly examines the layers of meaning in a text and thus generates an effort to reinterpret the processes that produce meaning. This study aims to reinterpret the award-winning book Madeline Finn and the Library Dog, which has an audience that spans children of all ages, from a semiotic perspective. Therefore, it features a semiotic analysis of the book’s literary and visual text. The study utilizes the semiotic analysis method developed by Greimas based on Propp's analysis of folktales. The study results show that the author wrote a successful story that helps children build more confidence to read, teaches them the importance of working towards a goal, and contributes to their native language development. Furthermore, the surprise ending of the storyline keeps the target reader interested until the end of the book. This book is a unique body of work that deals with the realities of childhood and shows the reader that help can arrive from unexpected places.

An Example of Bibliotherapy in Context of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Simyacı Novel

Özgür DEMİRCİ SEYREKErcümend ERSANLI ,Abdullah Nuri DİCLE — 2024-08-29

Psychological flexibility can be defined as a key concept for the individual to live and lead a meaningful life for Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, one of the last generation cognitive behavioural therapies. Six components of psychological flexibility are the individual’s taking values as a guide, cognitive defusion, focusing on the present moment, acceptance in line with values, self as a context and action for a valuable life. According to acceptance and commitment therapy, there are many techniques that can be used in psychological help relationship. This study discussed the bibliotherapy technique, which is based on bringing together reading materials addressing the difficulty experienced by the client in developing insight to dysfunctional attitudes. For this purpose, Paulo Coelho’s “Alchemist” was examined from the perspective of acceptance and commitment therapy for bibliotherapy and evaluated in detail with the quotations made within the context of six components of psychological flexibility. In conclusion, this study emphasizes that the novel Alchemist can be useful for bibliotherapy practice in order to help the client to develop insight to analyse the difficulties s/he has experienced.

Social Realism in Behiç Ak’s Novels

Esma DUMANLI KADIZADENasif SARIÇETİN — 2024-08-29

The source of social realism is Marxism. Marxism first appeared in Russia as party politics. Marxism, which emerged to make the people adopt the official ideology of the party, became the official art understanding of the country. Marxists aim to raise awareness of workers and peasants by expressing the troubles of the oppressed and the working class. In the first years of the republic in Turkey, works in the genres of poetry, novels and stories began to be produced. After 1940, works that are competent in terms of quantity and quality were produced in this field. In a social realist approach, the authors do not merely shed light on the period in which they live and express the problems of that period. At the same time, they adopt the principle of leading the society to what is ideal. Although the social realism aimed to raise awareness of the workers and peasants at first, it later addressed the problems of the city and the nation. In this study, Behiç Ak's children's books were examined in terms of social realist art understanding. In his books, Behiç Ak reveals the flawed aspects of society, its corrupt and consumed values, on one hand, and reveal what is ideal, on the other. In this context, the themes of social realism were examined in the author's five children's books “Akvaryumdaki Tiyatro” (Theatre in the Aquarium), “Vapurları Seven Çocuk” (The Child Who Loves the Boats), “Geçmişe Tırmanan Merdiven” (The Staircase to the Past), “Bulutlara Şiir Yazan Çocuk” (The Child Who Writes Poems to the Clouds), “Galata'nın Tembel Martısı” (Lazy Seagull of Galata). In the study prepared in accordance with the qualitative approach, the data collected through document analysis were analyzed by content analysis. As a result, the following technology codes were found: a. lifestyle, b. communication, c. alienation from nature, d. consumption-commodification and e. technology. It is observed that all the codes are included in all of the books examined, but the life style code is included the most while alienation from nature code the least.

Deneysel Sinemada Kurgunun Soyut Anlatısı: Visions in Meditation Kısa Film Dörtlemesi

Serkan ÖZTÜRKEcem GÜLEÇ — 2024-08-29

Cinema is one of the mediums that artists can reflect their perspectives, intuitions, feelings, and emotions, and it is highly prominent from the time of its conception. Since from its conception, cinema, has renovated itself through auteur directors and their styles and movements. And one of cinema’s greatest building block have always been editing which gave its finalized form. The artist can reflect his/her aesthetic language and can direct his/her narrative through the usage of editing. This reflection and direction make the editing one of the more fundamental dynamics of the art of filmmaking. Especially Russian Avant-garde filmmakers developed various editing techniques to make the narrative of the movie to reflect subjective and social realities in a way that it is closer to the “truth” while also placing it in the center of the cinematic narrative. In time, editing become free from its shackles and opened itself to experimental cinema. The editing techniques that were invented to relay the truth better became one of the tools that let artists detach themselves from reality to better articulate their points. This research aims to investigate the role of editing that made detachment of the artist in their own cinematic narrative from their realities. This research will examine Stan Barkhage’s Visions in Meditation (1989-1990) short movie tetralogy through the exemplifications of Eisenstein’s avant-garde editing styles that underlies editing in cinema and Vertov’s avant-garde brotherhood while utilizing literature reviews and content analyses methodologies. From the findings that are gathered within the research, how a cinematic narrative become abstracted by editing and how editing creates an aesthetic language will be discussed.

Sustainability Criteria for Library Spaces

Gizem ARICIMurat ARISAL — 2024-08-29

Developments in information technology, innovations in learning environments, new architectural approaches, and the widespread use of green and smart building concepts have affected the library space designs like all space designs and revealed the concept of sustainable library. Sustainable libraries are interpreted as structures in which all elements such as the ecological system, human, building architecture, library services, technological infrastructure and equipment are integrated in a balanced and harmonious manner and designed in a flexible way that will enable the use of future generations. It is possible to say that there are examples of libraries in the world where this design has been successfully implemented. In our country, it is observed that the studies on sustainable library space design are relatively insufficient and the criteria for sustainable libraries are not determined. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the sustainability components and criteria specific to libraries by evaluating the concept of sustainability in the literature according to the life cycle of libraries. Since it is thought that it will be very difficult to obtain measurable data due to the lack of sustainable library practices and the lack of standardization, the literature review method was used in this study. Qualitative data were obtained by conducting research on sustainable space design studies with the literature review. Based on these qualitative data, sustainability in libraries was examined in 6 (six) main dimensions. As a result, in addition to the environmental, economic and social components, which are the 3 (three) components of sustainability, 10 new concepts specific to libraries have been added and sustainable library spaces have been based on a theoretical basis within the framework of 13 criteria.

The Effect of Physical Activity Level of University Students on Quality of Life During the COVID-19 Epidemic

2024-08-29

In this study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between physical activity levels and quality of life of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic and to compare these variables according to gender. 338 students (female=170, male=168) studying at Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University voluntarily participated in the study. "International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form" and "World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Short Form" were applied to the participants. Pearson Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the physical activity levels of the participants and their quality of life, and the independent sample t-test was used to compare these parameters by gender. A positive significant relationship was found between the physical activity levels of both male and female participants and the sub-dimensions of quality of life (p<,05). In addition, while it was determined that the level of physical activity was statistically significantly higher in favor of men, no significant difference was found between the genders in the quality of life (p<,05). As a conclusion, it is thought that ensuring that people participate in physical activities in order to reduce the negative effects of sedentary life on general health in situations that require people to be at home for a long time due to pandemic or other reasons will increase the quality of life.

Examination of Barriers to Participate In Physical Activities: A Sample of Vocational High School For Girls

Gamze DERYAHANOĞLU Serkan DÜZ ,Rabia Hürrem ÖZDURAK SINGIN — 2024-08-29

While physical activity should be one of the most important aspect in our daily live, unfortunately the development of technology and rapid change in living style forces people to be physically inactive. Especially participation of women in physical activities is dramatically low in our country because of cultural habits and barriers. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the variables that prevent female students’ participation in physical activity in their adolescent period and figure out low female participation in adulthood. In this study, data collection was performed via the "Factors Preventing Participation in Physical Activities" scale developed by Özbek (2019), results were evaluated according to the scale, further statistical analysis was performed by making pairwise comparisons with independent sample t-test for two variables, whereas one-way analysis of variance and Hochberg post-hoc analysis were used for comparison of more than two variables. Results showed that class, body mass index, family type and mother's education status are not barriers for female students and did not prevent them from participating to physical activity. However, income of the family and school, sportive background and educational system, weekly frequency of physical activity and family participation in sport, surprisingly father's educational status and family, satisfaction with weight and educational system sub-dimensions in addition to total score of scale and sleep status were discriminating variables for physical activity participation of females and their differences were statistically significant. It can be concluded that school, family, and educational system are the most dominating variables for prevention of female students from physical activity participation when compared with the other sub-dimensions.

Rönesans Dönemi İngiliz Aristokrat Portrelerinde Betimlenen Türk Halılarının Motifsel Özellikleri ve Halılarin İngiliz Halı Üretimine Olan Etkileri

Hülya KALYONCU — 2024-08-29

Dünya halı tarihinde büyük önemi olan Türk halılarının kökeni, Orta Asya Türklerinin üretimi, dünyanın en eski ve ilk düğümlü halısı Pazırık Halısına dayanmaktadır. Türk halı geleneği, Anadolu Selçukluları ile devam etmiş, 16. yüzyıl’da Osmanlı dönemi Uşak ve çevre bölgesi halıları ile zirveye ulaşmıştır. Rönesans döneminde Avrupalı ressamların yaptıkları dini ve sosyal içerikli tablolarda görünen Türk halıları, zenginliğin ihtişamın ifadesi sayılmışlar, İngiliz aristokratlarının portrelerinde tasvirlenen Osmanlı-Türk halıları ise tablolara kattıkları estetik değerler yanında, İngiliz halı sanatına etki de etmişlerdir. İngiliz portre sanatında tasvirlenen Türk halılarının motif özelliklerinin, İngiliz halı sanatına olan etkilerinin saptanmasının amaçlandığı bu çalışmada yöntem olarak, İngiliz aristokratlarının Türk halıları ile göründükleri portre çalışmalarının literatür taramaları yapılmış, tabloların sanatçıları, betimlenen aristokratlar ve Türk halılarının motifsel özellikleri detayları ile ele alınmıştır. Dünya halı sanatına etki eden Türk halı sanatının her yönüyle geliştirilerek yaşatılmasının, Türk kültür ve sanatı açısından büyük önemi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

The Changing Role of the Customer in the Historical Process of Industrial Revolutions

Ali Rıza İNCEDerya KUTLU ,Murat Sami BAYKIZ — 2024-08-29

Industry 4.0; uncover and product development on the basis of customer requests from procurement, production, marketing, after-sales service people at all stages in the product life cycle-product-machine-information factors were associated with each other and the customer requests that is active and decisive in all stages of a systematic process that makes it possible. Like many important changes in the industrial revolutions, there are also significant changes in the focus points of companies, the meaning they have imposed on the customer, and the role of customers. In this study, conducted in accordance with the literature study and market observations, the differences between the industrial revolutions and their reflections in Industry 4.0 were revealed in terms of focus, customer perception and role. Accordingly; the first and Second Industrial Revolution in customer, product-oriented approach in the framework of a person who only buys the product, while the product is designed in a customer-focused approach, the Third Industrial Revolution by itself with a data provider that demonstrated the role of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, a value-oriented approach by taking on a broader role within the framework of the product together with the design, production contribution to a location that offers it.

A Study on Measuring Disabled Persons' Satisfaction in Accommodation Companies

Salih TELLİOĞLUMahmut TEKİN — 2024-08-29

Dünyada önemli bir nüfusa sahip olan engelli bireylerin refahını artırmaya yönelik uygulanan sosyal politikalar ile birlikte onlar da toplumun diğer bireyleri gibi yaşamaya başlamışlardır. Engelli bireylerin sosyalleşmesini sağlayan önemli etkenlerden birisi de turistik faaliyetlerdir. Onların turistik faaliyette bulunması toplum ile iç içe olmasını sağlayan önemli bir faktördür. Ancak yapılan birçok düzenlemelere rağmen engelli bireylerin turistik faaliyetleri süresince birçok engel ile karşılaştıkları görülmektedir. Seyahat ve konaklama süreçlerinde yaşanan sorunlardan dolayı birçok engelli birey turistik faaliyetlere katılma konusunda isteksiz davranmaktadırlar. Bu bağlamda turizm pazarında önemli bir yere sahip olan engelli bireylerin seyahat ve konaklama işletmelerindeki memnuniyetlerinin ölçülmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu araştırma, engelli bireylerin konaklama işletmelerdeki memnuniyet düzeyini ölçerek sorunları belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Ayrıca tespit edilen sorunlara göre de öneriler sunulmultur. Araştırma kapsamında 2017 yılında Alanya’da faaliyet gösteren 4 ve 5 yıldızlı tesislerde konaklayan 253 adet engelli bireye anket çalışması uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre katılımcıların önemli bir oranının otelin girişine ve iletişim faaliyetlerine yönelik düzenlemelerden memnun olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca engelli bireylerin memnuniyet oranının en düşük olduğu faaliyetin ise yiyecek ve içecek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

A Theoretical Discussion on the History of Consumer Decision Theory

Hüseyin Çağatay KARABIYIKMahmut Nevfel ELGÜN — 2024-08-29

Consumer Decision Theory is one of the basic building blocks of marketing. Because - apart from the ethical discussions - the ultimate goal of marketing practices today is the realization of sales. The realization goal of the sale depends on positive consumer decisions and behaviors. For this reason, a correct understanding of Consumer Decision Theory is of great importance both in theory and practice. In this study, its historical development was examined in order to understand the Consumer Decision Theory correctly. In this context, Rational Approach, Cognitive Approach, Passive Approach, Emotional Approach, Interpretative Approach and Postmodern Approach were examined depending on the Traditional and Modern Approaches. Historical development of each approach throughout the study was evaluated in the context of practice, philosophy of science and economic history. In the conclusion part of the study, the changes in each approach and the paradigm shifts seen in the relevant periods were examined. Finally, the future of the Consumer Decision Theory was examined by taking the historical changes examined as reference. As a result, it was determined that traditional approaches in marketing history have developed in parallel with Classical and Neo-Classical economic approaches. However, as can be seen later in economics, the problem of theory-practice compatibility was seen in marketing. thus, a transition from traditional approaches to modern approaches has been observed. Today, this trend continues. Methodological trends show that this process is conducted with interdisciplinary studies.

Disasters from The Perspective of The Quran

Ahmet GÜNDÜZ — 2024-08-29

Allah has made the universe livable for man. Disasters that cause it to become uninhabitable are also things that are within his knowledge. His knowledge is broad enough to include the fall of a leaf to the ground. Lightning, rains, waters, seas, animals, etc.that we see around us. many elements are presented to the benefit of the human being. But when we look at the events of past peoples within the framework of the Qur'an, it seems that they have turned into a disaster in some periods. The Qur'an, which reports on these disasters, basically points to the transgression of man as the justification for this. It is seen that the events reported about the break of the apocalypse and the elements considered within the scope of the disaster bear similarities in many ways. There are things that need to be done so as not to be subjected to disasters of the nature of punishment and not to be caught in both situations suddenly. To determine the reasons for these disasters again by acting from the Qur'an and through the Qur'an with flour, Almighty Allah