Tarih Okulu Dergisi, Year 2021 Issue LV

Yeni Kamu İşletmeciliği Paradigmasında Kamu-Özel Ortaklık Modeli: Şehir Hastanelerinin Düalist Yönetsel Yapıları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Berat AKINCI — 2024-08-29

After the Second World War, the understanding of the welfare state, which prevailed in meeting the demands and expectations of the citizens, led to the excessive growth of the public sector over time. These developments, which have made themselves felt on a global basis since the 1980s and formed the basis of new public management, have enabled some public services to be performed by benefiting from the business technique and financial resources of the private sector. Thus, some public-private partnership models have emerged in order to provide public services effectively and efficiently as a result of a market-based approach. The public-private partnership model, which was applied in the health sector in many European countries, especially in the UK, in the early 1990s, started to be implemented in our country within the scope of the health transformation program that started in 2003. Subsequently, the Law No. 6428 of 2013, which defines the public-private cooperation in clearer lines, "Building, Renovation and Service by Public-Private Partnership Model, and Amending Certain Decree Laws" was adopted. In the city hospitals projects planned to be implemented within the scope of this law, it is foreseen that the construction of 18 hospitals will be completed by the private sector and delivered to the Ministry of Health by the end of 2021. However, this system, which is new in health service delivery, has a double-headed organizational and managerial structure that ensures that core health services are provided by the public sector and other support services by the contractor firm. Therefore, in this study, the administrative structures of city hospitals, which contain a new situation in terms of authority and responsibility balances, are analyzed and solutions are offered for possible problems.

Trends of Research Made in The Field of Inclusion in Early Childhood Education: Systematic Review

Begümhan YÜKSELAdile DEĞİRMENCİ KURT — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this study is to determine general research trends in the field of inclusion in early childhood education in Turkey by analyzing studies published between the years 2010-2020 in this field. For this purpose, 78 scientific studies were obtained thanks to the Higher Education Council (YÖK) National Thesis Center, Dergipark, ULAKBIM, EBSCOhost, ASOS Index, and made in Turkey between the years of 2010-2020 created the scope of this research. A systematic review which is one of the qualitative methods was used as a research method in the study. The "Article Classification Form" developed by Çiltaş, Güler, and Sözbilir (2012) was revised and used to code and classify the articles and theses systematically in this field. The studies obtained were analyzed in terms of research type, the year it was published, the research method, the research design, the sample group, the sampling technique, the data collection tools, the theme, the data analysis methods, and the validity and reliability studies by using the content analysis technique. The findings obtained as a result of the analysis were reported and discussed within the framework of the literature. The studies related to inclusion in early childhood was mostly conducted on the views of teacher, and accordingly mostly studied with the samples of the teacher. In addition, scales and interview forms were used as data collection tools in these studies according to findings.

Revisiting the Memorandum of March 12th after Fifty Years

Bilal TUNÇBilal TUNÇ — 2024-08-29

What will be analyzed in this paper is the March 12 Memorandum and the March 9 coup attempt which was actually averted thanks to the memorandum. The March 9 can also be called as a coup plan, rather than an attempt, that could not be put into practice by force. The March 12 Memorandum will be examined in terms of both the careerist anxiety experienced by the higher ranks in the face of the deviation signals from the hierarchy within the army that began with the May 27 due to the pressure from the lower ranks and the seizure of power through civilian coup plotters who were “beguiled”, to use the common term in that period. The paper also explores the tendency to take power through the army, which is the most effective element of the coalition of national forces against the backdrop of the representation of the first legal socialist party in the parliament which established its party organization during the sixties but unable to find the opportunity to popularize and eventually declined. As a matter of course, in the study, the events before the May 27 Coup and the subsequent parliamentary transition, the Aydemir Revolts and the developments during the rule of Adalet Partisi (Justice Party) will also be tackled to the point of their relevance to the March 9-12 process.

Analyzing of the Relationship between the Motivation Levels and Creativity of Children between 60-72 Months Attending Preschool Education Institution

Canan YILDIZ ÇİÇEKLERGAYRET — 2024-08-29

In this study, the relationship between the motivation and creativity levels of 60-72 months-old children attending pre-school education institutions was examined. This research is in correlational survey model, which is one of the general scanning models. The study group of the research constitutes 401 children in total, who have been attending official kindergartens and nursery schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in Şırnak province and its districts in the 2020-2021 academic year. As a result of the study, it was concluded that there was a significant relationship between the motivation and creativity levels of children between the ages of 60-72 months attending pre-school education institutions. It was observed that the motivation levels of preschool children explained 74% of their creativity level. In the study, it was determined that the gender, birth order, number of children in the family, education status of the mother and father differ with the children's creativity levels. In the study, between preschool education duration of children, the age of parents and the creativity levels of children were not found significant difference. As a result of the study, it can be suggested that preschool teachers should include more activities to increase the motivation levels of children and contribute to support the creativity skills of children by obtaining a relationship between creativity and motivation.

Depresyon Tanılı Hastalarda Sosyo-Ekonomik Özellikler ile Depresyon Tedavi Süresi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Elif AKKAŞMustafa AKKUŞ ,Ömer Selçuk EMSEN — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between socio-economic characteristics and period of depression treatment in patients diagnosed with depression in Erzincan. Face-to-face questionnaire was performed to the patients diagnosed with depression in the Psychiatry Clinic of Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital. This questionnaire was performed to 311 patients diagnosed with depression. The analysis was performed using ordered probit model. For the questionnaire, 26.12.2019 dated and 12/18 protocol numbered "Human Research Ethics Committee" approval was obtained from Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University. The duration for the treatment was shorter in female patients treated for depression for more than 3 years rather than males. The duration of treatment for depression decreased as the level of education increased. The patients with higher monthly income had longer treatment periods rather than the ones with lower monthly income. The duration of treatment was shorter in patients with extended families. The duration of treatment was shorter in patients who had no assets. The period for depression treatment was longer in patients who worked for 21 years and more rather than the ones who had never been employed. These findings were totally opposite for the treatment period of 1 year and less. Socioeconomic factors were correlated with periods of depression. However, this relationship differed according to the duration of depression.

Examination of Academic Motivation Levels of Printing and Publishing Technologies Program in Terms of Various Variables

Elif URAL — 2024-08-29

The purpose of the research is to examine whether the academic motivation levels of the students of the Printing and Publishing Technologies program differ according to the variables such as gender, department preference rank, income level, and university type. In line with this purpose, the research was carried out with the relational screening model. The population of the research consists of the students enrolled in the Vocational School Printing and Publishing Technologies Program of 2 state and 3 foundation universities in Istanbul, and the sample consists of 337 students selected by random sampling from this population. Academic Motivation Scale was used as data collection tool. In the analysis of the data, Mann-Whitney U was used for pairwise group comparisons of gender and university type at a significance level of 0.05, and Kruskal-Wallis H test for multi-group comparisons of department preference rank graduated high school type, graduated department, and income level. From the findings obtained; it was concluded that students had high levels of internal motivation, that self-proofing and achievement in academic motivation was a moderately important factor, that the school's positive contribution to their future lives in the context of external motivation-order and recognization, and that the school was competent in gaining sufficient professional knowledge and skills were also an important factor.

Teacher's Opinions on Listening Texts in Teaching Turkish Foreign Textbooks

Emine AKYÜZ — 2024-08-29

The present study is a qualitative study that aims to uncover the perceptions of Turkish instructors on the listening texts in the textbooks used for teaching Turkish to foreigners. The participants of the study consist of 7 instructors working at Cukurova University, Turkish Teaching Center. The study is limited to the “Textbook of Teaching Turkish to Foreigners” (A1, A2) which is prepared by Istanbul University Language Teaching Center and utilized at Cukurova University, TOMER. The data was gathered via semi-structured interviews and analyzed by use of content analysis. Perceptions of the instructors who are in a direct contact with students and guide using of the books are very important in terms of determining and solving the problems correctly. It can be stated that collaboration with instructors is required for upcoming innovations about teaching Turkish to foreigners and preparing materials. In this sense, it is considered that the findings of the study will contribute to the literature.

Analysing the Respect of Football Fans for the Opposing View and Their Self-Control Levels

Emine ÖZTÜRK KARATAŞ — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this study is to determine the respect of football fans for the opposing view and their self-control levels. This is an applied study in the form of a descriptive survey model. The population of the research consists of the students of İnönü University in the 2021-2022 academic year while the sample group consists of randomly selected 388 fans of Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray football teams of İnönü University. “Respect for Opposing View in Sports and Self-Control Scale” developed by Gülle was used in the study. The Cronbach's Alpha value of the scale was determined as .75, and the Cronbach Alpha values of the sub-dimensions of the scale were determined as .73 for “hatred towards the opponent” and .78 for “respect for the opponent”. In the study, t-test was used for independent groups in paired comparisons, one-way ANOVA test was used for multiple comparisons, and Tukey test was applied as post-hoc test to determine between which groups the difference was in multiple comparisons. No significant difference was found in the level of respect of football fans for the opposing view and their self-control levels according to the gender variable following the study. The difference was found to be significant according to the variables of age, supported team, and membership in fan associations. It is important to perform informative studies about hatred and respect in football for those who are members of fan associations.

Contributions to The Turkish Education System of The German Scientists Who Came to Turkey after The 1933-University Reform

Mehmet GİRGİNErdem YAVUZ — 2024-08-29

In this research, the contributions of German scientists who came to Turkey with the university reform in 1933 to Turkish higher education life and scientific research literatüre are examined. In the research, first of all, a panoramic transfer of the development of the university in the history of Turkish education is presented. Both before and with the university reform, it is seen that dozens of foreign scientists and auxiliary personnel, especially Germans and Austrians, participated in higher education in Turkey. These faculty members and their assistants who came to our country have made positive contributions to their studies in various branches of positive sciences in Turkey.The leading of these is that these faculty members establish many institutes and carry out their research under one center. Establishing and managing journals for scientific publishing, training many Turkish scientists who will have a reputation in the field, and leaving dozens of text books and materials and establishing libraries are among the very important contributions. These contributions made by foreign faculty members have formed an important force in the shaping and growth of Turkish higher education. These foreign faculty members have significant contributions in the training of many academicians and researchers working in Turkish universities, whose numbers will increase later. In addition, these professors have been the ones who mediated Turkish researchers and scientists who went abroad to study high education or to learn foreign languages, to acquire different research disciplines, and who hosted them after returning to their home countries from Turkey. Therefore, the contribution of especially German professors is observed in many areas such as library collections becoming worthy to university the proliferation of scientific publications and activities, informing the public about scientific studies, organizing various events for the public from time to time, and bringing modern scientific concepts into Turkish.

Determining the Ethnocentric Trend Level of Sports Products: A Research on Students Athletes

Esra BAYRAK AYAŞAtalay GACAR ,Eyyup NACAR — 2024-08-29

Technological development factor not only contributed to the increase in production, but also decreased the interest of consumers in domestic products. This situation has led to the necessity of domestic enterprises to struggle with the global market. As a result of this necessity, the concepts of ethnocentrism and consumer ethnocentrism have emerged. Consumer ethnocentrism can be defined as the tendency of consumers to prefer domestic products and reject foreign products. For this reason, in our study, it was aimed to determine the ethnocentric tendency levels of athlete students who use sports products. The population of the research is Adıyaman University students, and the sample is Physical Education and Sports Highschool students. A total of 385 students participated in the research. Ethnocentric Tendency Scale for Sports Products, consisting of 17 items and a single sub-dimension, was used as a data collection tool in the study. Since there was no face-to-face education due to the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic, the scale was presented to the student group online and was based on volunteerism. As a result, it was understood that the ethnocentric tendencies of the students participating in the research were low. It has been determined that these students prefer famous, foreign brands that have been in the consumer market for years instead of domestic products.

An Unusual Course of Education: Early Education of J. S. Mill

Fatih ÖZTÜRK — 2024-08-29

John Stuart Mill is considered the most important English philosopher of the 19th century. His contributions to the utilitarian moral philosophy systematized by Jeremey Bentham, liberalism, the representative government system, political economy, and women's rights show that he was a versatile thinker. He is also a remarkable figure with his own education which started at a very young age. In this educational course characterized by the direction and administration of his father James Mill, J. S. Mill learned Greek at the age of 3, Latin at the age of 8, and internalized a very comprehensive collection of philosophy, literature, history, political economy and law by the age of 14 by reading them in their original languages. One of the factors that makes his education process extraordinary is his father's philosophy of education. According to this, his father found the aim of education as reaching happiness in utilitarianism. Setting the empiricism of John Locke and the environmentalist approach of Robert Owen as the basic principles, he preferred the Socratic method and secular education in the application phase. This study aims to present a historical and philosophical example to today's educational approaches by making a philosophical analysis of this educational process that enabled J. S. Mill to grow up as a philosopher.

The Place That Turned Hierapolis Name to Pamukkale: Seljuk Castle

Hasan KARAİbrahim BALIK ,İbrahim GÖKBURUN — 2024-08-29

Place names are one of the important elements that reveal the geographical and social characteristics of a place from past to present. The name of Pamukkale, one of the most important tourism centers in Turkey, also reflects these features. Although the origin, meaning and emergence process of the name Pamukkale attracts the attention of researchers; So far, it has not been dealt with in a separate study. This study a perspective on where the name Pamukkale comes from is determined; It is aimed to reveal the natural and human factors that are effective in the emergence of the name. In the light of historical sources, with the observations made in the research area, the source of the name Pamukkale has been evaluated within the framework of the principles of toponymical science. Pamukkale; It was known as Hierapolis until the Seljuks made Anatolia their homeland. A “Fortress” was built here during the Turkish Seljuk State, and the name “Pamukkale” was used instead of “Hierapolis”. Seljuk coins were also found in the archaeological excavations carried out around the castle. Located at a point dominating the valley, the castle is the structure that turned the name Hierapolis into Pamukkale by fusing with the cotton evoked by the white color of the travertines around it.

Evaluation of the Reflections of Astronomy Events from the Past to Present in Our Geography

İbrahim ÜNALHülya GÜNGÖR ,Emine GÜLSEVEN ,Sultan ŞAN — 2024-08-29

The purpose of in this study is to examine the cultural values and beliefs that the folks produced in our geography as a result of their sky observations depending on the movements of celestial bodies by handling with the equivalent in astronomy. In the study, thoughts and ideas interested with some synthesis and analysis were evaluated by using the analysis method, which is one of the analytical research methods. The calendars created depending on the movements of the celestial bodies have been given in chronological order and the conversion between the calendars has been explained with calculations. In addition, it has been discussed whether some special days and meteorological events that have a place in the culture of the people have an equivalent in astronomy. It has been explained that astrology is not a science and consists of the meaning that people attribute to the stars and their movements as a result of sky observations. Lunar and Solar eclipses have occurred as a result of the natural movements of celestial bodies, so the meanings and inferences attributed to eclipses do not have a scientific dimension. It has been concluded that the idea that the cause of the eclipses, which are called Blood Lunar Eclipses and Blue Lunar Eclipses, is a natural phenomenon caused by the refraction of light, and that it affects people's lives and futures is completely unrealistic. As a result, observing the celestial bodies in the sky, examining their systematic movements and evaluating them in terms of the laws of physics can only give an idea about their future movements and situations. Apart from this, giving meaning to celestial bodies will not go beyond a cultural dimension.

The Effects of Using Individual and Group Mind Mapping on Students’ Academic Achievement, Retention and Affective Characteristics in Social Studies Course

Mehmet Nuri GÖMLEKSİZAyşe Ülkü KAN — 2024-08-29

This study aims at determining the effects of using individual and group mind mapping (GMM) on students’ academic achievement, attitudes, motivation, permanence and students’ perceptions of experimental process in sixth grade Social Studies Course. The research, which was carried out according to the mixed research model, was carried out in 2010.The study included three groups. Experimental I group (n:25) used individual mind mapping, experimental II group (n:24) used group mind mapping and control group (n:25) used traditional teaching method. Mixed research method that utilizes both quantitative and qualitative research designs was used in the study. Data were collected through achievement test, attitude and motivation scales; interview and observation forms. Pretest-posttest control group experimental design was used in quantitative part. Students and teacher were interviewed and observed. Learning diaries were collected every week. Study results revealed that group mind mapping was more successful than the traditional method. No significant difference was observed among the three groups in terms of retention scores. Attitude scores and intrinsic motivation perception levels of experimental groups were higher than those of control group. Based on the study results, it is suggested that both mind mapping and computer assisted mind mapping be used in teaching different courses and subjects during longer periods covering more participants. The participants found mind mapping effective, entertaining and useful.

Türk Film ve Televizyon Dizilerinde Bulgar Karakterlerin Farklı Temsilleri: Sosyolojik bir Analiz

Melih ÇOBAN — 2024-08-29

Cinematic works like movies and television series include various social representations. These representations may emanate from political, cultural, social, economic and historical sources. A type of social representation common in cinematic products is the portrayal of members of different ethnic and/or national groups through various character typologies. One of the national groups represented in Turkish cinema is Bulgarians whom Turks have encountered for centuries. In this respect, this study aims to analyse various representations of Bulgarians in Turkish movies and television series in the light of various historical, political and social factors. To this aim, ten films and five television series produced between 1954 and 2019 have been studied. The study is based on two main research problematics: in which periods and under what conditions these cinematic works were produced and through which character categories Bulgarians were portrayed. It has been observed that these cinematic works have been produced, following the initiation of mistreatments by the Bulgarian state of her Turkish minority, with this theme and other themes like the Macedonian issue and that while characters representing the Bulgarian state have mostly been portrayed as villains, civilian Bulgarians have mostly been described as friendly characters. Same themes and characters have been adapted in the period of normalisation between two countries in a traditionalised way.

A Meta-Synthesis Study for New Hittite Foreigners on Cultural Transfer in Turkish Course Books

Nebahat Merve HİMOĞLUMuhammet MEMİŞ — 2024-08-29

Meta-synthesis method, which is a qualitative research method, was used in this study, which was carried out in order to identify and evaluate the findings of academic studies examining Turkish textbooks for New Hittite Foreigners, which is one of the teaching sets frequently used in Turkish teaching to foreigners, and to collect scattered studies under one roof. In the process of determining the data, the document examination technique was used. In the literature search made with the help of keywords, a total of twenty-nine (29) studies were obtained using various databases, including fourteen (14) theses, fourteen (14) articles and one (1) full text of the paper. Studies are determined from purposeful sampling methods according to criteria sampling method. The specified studies are encoded according to the types of studies by subjecting them to content analysis during the analysis phase. Accordingly. T1, T2, T3...for thesis studies, M1, M2, M3... for articles, B1, B2, B3 for papers... code system has been implemented. In this context, objectives of studies examining Turkish textbooks for New Hittite Foreigners in the dimension of cultural transfer, problems, results, proposals, levels discussed, tables and graphs in which many different sets were evaluated in the studies were collected under a common roof. According to the results of the examinations, it was determined that there were many studies that examined Turkish textbooks for New Hittite Foreigners from different angles in terms of cultural transfer and that some problems and deficiencies related to textbooks were observed in these studies. Accordingly, based on the findings of the studies examining Turkish textbooks for New Hittite Foreigners in terms of cultural transfer, the current situation was presented and various suggestions were presented about the places that should be updated in the textbooks.

Öğretmen Adaylarının Sosyal Medya Kullanma Eğilimleri: Türkiye Örneği

Nesrin HARK SÖYLEMEZBehçet ORAL — 2024-08-29

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the student teachers’ tendency to use social network sites which are currently studying in the final year of BA programs at education faculties. General survey method was used to evaluate the overall status of student teachers' tendency to use social media sites. The senior student teachers of education faculties at the state universities in Turkey constitutes the population of the study. To this end, 2152 student teachers across 10 state universities, that includes samples from each geographical region of Turkey, participated in the study. Descriptive statistical approaches were used to analyze the data. Some results from the research are as follows: 85% of student teachers’ do have membership to social media sites more than 3 years and 65.9% are actively using more than 2 social media sites. The purpose of using social media sites is “to follow the news and agenda” by 49.1%.

Reflection of Internal Migration and Social Change in Turkish Novel

Nurefşan ESKİYURTEmre CENGİZ — 2024-08-29

Many different definitions have been made by researchers for the migration movement, which has a multifaceted dimension. Migration movement, which is a movement of displacement, is not instantaneous and expresses a process. Many reasons such as the division of agricultural lands, mechanization in agriculture, better education and socio-cultural opportunities in cities compared to rural areas, individuals desire to avoid blood feuds, and concern over terror incidents in the living area are among the reasons for internal migration in Turkey. The concept of social change, on the other hand, expresses a change in the cultural structures of societies. There is a relationship between the migration movement and social or cultural changes. This relationship has an important place in the Turkish novel. In the novels, the causes of migration, the urbanization processes of immigrants and the social changes they experience are discussed. A total of five Turkish novels, namely Kente İndi İdris, Toprak Kovgunları, Sevgili Arsız Ölüm, Aykırı Ölümler and Köygöçüren novels, were selected to be used in the study, and the ways in which the social changes caused by the internal migration movement were reflected in the selected novels are discussed.

Late Republican Roman Colonization in Outline

Olcay TURAN — 2024-08-29

Colonization is based on the idea that the settlers, who had to leave their homeland for various reasons, occupy the lands belonging to foreign elements for agricultural, commerical or political purposes and establish settlements there. Unlike the Romans, Hellenes and Phoenicians, in the early stages of colonization, it established colonies in order to ensure the safety of the lands within its sovereignty and at the same time to secure its dominance by spreading its culture. However, in connection with the changes and transformation that emerged in Rome in the internal and external areas over time, the reasons for he establishment of the colonies and the goals they hoped to achieve also differed. When it comes to the Late Republic Petiod, the changes that emerged in the political, social and economic fields directly affected the establishment purposes of the colonies. In this context, while the colonies were established mostly for economic reasons with the Gracchus period, after the military reform of Marius, the colonies were used to provide land to the soldiers who were demobilized during the reigns of Sulla, Caesar and Triumvirs. In the wake of Social War between 91-88 BC, the colonies in Italy were disappeared, and with specified date, colonies began to be established in overseas lands.

Psychological Counselors’ Evaluations about Their Own Mental Health

Sinem ACARUğur DOĞAN — 2024-08-29

The aim of the study is to determine how psychological counselors evaluate their own mental health. This work is in qualitative design. Interview technique, which can be used frequently in educational research, was used as data collection method in the study. In the interviews, a semi-structured interview form, developed by the researcher and revised by submitting to expert opinion, was used to collect data. The study was carried out with 11 school counselors, six male and five female. Two researchers analyzed the data independently and created categories and codes. According to the findings obtained from the study, the emerging themes are "Psychological counselors' views on their own mental health", "Psychological counselors' views on protecting their own mental health", "The methods used by psychological counselors to protect their mental health", "Psychological counselors' professional experiences their evaluations about their impact on their health”. According to a result of the research, psychological counselors' evaluations about mental health include positive and negative factors. According to another result, there are some factors that help psychological counselors protect their mental health. Most of the psychological counselors participating in the research state that they have difficulty in maintaining their mental health and some professional experiences make this situation more difficult. At this point, suggestions about supervision support are presented.

Reflection of Augmented Reality Applications to Social Studies Education

Süleyman ASLAN — 2024-08-29

Today, we live in the Information Age, it is observed that a new stakeholder such as technology has been added to the stakeholders of students, programs and teachers, which are the main variables of the teaching process. This new situation in the teaching process has become more evident during the Covid-19 Pandemic we have experienced recently. In the discussions about this new situation, rather than the necessity of technology articulated teaching, how it should be is discussed. Therefore, technology integrated teaching has been at the forefront of educational studies in recent years. The aim of this study is to discuss the place, importance and effect of Augmented Reality (AR) applications, one of the leading technologies of the Information Age, in social studies teaching. The method of the compilation study is documentary analysis, and the data were obtained from scientific documents (documents) selected according to certain criteria from the relevant literature. These documents were scanned with descriptive analysis in line with the general purpose and sub-purposes of the study, and the reflections of AR and AR applications in education in general and social studies teaching in particular were examined. In these examinations, the scanned documents were read, first described, then interpreted, and finally certain inferences were made. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the reflections of AR applications on education are a necessity of the Age; In terms of the subject, it was understood that these reflections support academic success, affective development and the effectiveness of the school in social studies teaching. Another result reached in the study is the determination that there are many more steps to be taken in the context of the curriculum and teaching process in the integration of AR applications into social studies teaching.

A Discussion Between Mahmud Al-Lubabidi (d. ?) and Muhammed Muhammed Al-Madani (d. 1968): The Authority of the Muslim Society (Ummah) to Abrogate

Şükrü AYRAN — 2024-08-29

Divine religions, with its many provisions regarding belief, worship and morality, offered believers to arrange the life of the world in a material and spiritual order in accordance with the hereafter. But a subsequent shari’ah was able to completely abolish all aspects of the previous shari’ah’s term of effect. The end of validity period of a religious decree during the revelation process could be explained by another religious evidence. But the principle of religion to live a worldly life in accordance with the calculation of the hereafter has never changed. The taxpayer has adopted an afterlife-centered charity rather than a world-indexed charity expectation. For this reason, the fact that the newly arrived evidence brings a new provision that is lighter, heavier or equivalent, just as it does not bring any provision and only replaces the previous provision. In any case, the understanding of abrogation interpreted for good; It is in line with the vision of a devotional religion-world that aims to reach his love, prefers the eternal to the temporary, prioritizes the afterlife to the world and sees the world as the field of the hereafter. But this religious-world imagination has not always continued like this. Abrogation, which was once within the scope of interpretation shaped entirely by divine intervention, has changed with the understanding of religion of a period in which the criteria of reality are attributed to the transcendent realm, nature, history or society. Now, at least according to some scholars, the criterion for the validity of the contents expressed by the teachings has changed. This criterion has sometimes been the jurisprudence of man with all its derivatives; sometimes, of course, it has become a historical, economic, social and political situation and witness.

Bioart and Ethics Problems in Science Art Integration

Tamer ASLANSerpil UYSAL — 2024-08-29

Today's art is taking shape and transforming in the integration of science and technology. The new media technologies and scientific paradigm of the 21st century offer the artist new means of art expression and art production environments, and interdisciplinary interactions come to the fore. The artist questions the ecosystem created under the influence of cultural dynamics, the universe from micro to macro and human perceptions, and transforms his/her projective approaches into artistic expression. In this study, the development process and scope of bioart in the ecosystem where the ancient wisdom of nature meets new technologies and scientific developments are examined. Bioart is an art expression method in which biotechnologies are used as a means of art production. Bacteria, algae, yeasts, molds, genetically modified organisms form the production material of the bioartist, while laboratory equipment such as microscope, petri dish, transparent tube and incubator become the artist's art production tools. Bioart has a wide spectrum from studies in which living things, plant breeding and various biomaterials are used in artistic applications to interspecies manipulations. Bioartists prefer different biotechnology applications according to method, technique and production purpose. In bioart practices, the individual, social and environmental effects of the dynamics that make up the cultural ecosystem are reflected. It is seen that the practices in which bioethical and biopolitical inquiries are made similarly cause philosophical, political, economic and moral complexities. In the study, the interdisciplinary interactions, orientations and practices of bioartists in the 21st century cultural ecosystem are examined and ethical dilemmas related to the practices are discussed.

Compatibility Levels of Listening/Watching Text Activities in Turkish Course Book With the Achievements in the MEB (Ministry of National Education) Turkish Course Curriculum

Vedat HALİTOĞLU — 2024-08-29

Listening/watching learning domain stands out as the most neglected area in Turkish teaching. The Turkish Course Curriculum published by the Ministry of National Education in 2019 includes listening/watching learning domain and achievements. In this study, the compatibility of the aforementioned learning domain and its achievements with the activities in the secondary school Turkish course book listening/watching texts were researched. Within the scope of the research selected randomly the 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th grade Turkish course books of the Secondary School and Imam Hatip Secondary School were examined using the document analysis method within the qualitative research approach. The data obtained within the scope of the research were subjected to descriptive analysis and interpreted by explaining in the framework of pre-categorized titles by the researcher. When the book activities that are the subject of the research are examined, it is seen that there are at least four listening/watching texts in all themes and many activities related to these texts. In this respect, it can be stated that the Turkish Course Curriculum and the textbooks are compatible with each other. However, although some of the achievements in the Turkish Course Curriculum (answers the questions related to things s/he listens/watches, expresses opinions, etc.) are compatible with all course book activities, it is seen that some of the achievements (makes predictions about the development and outcome of events in the text s/he listens/watches, comprehends the speaker's non-verbal messages, questions the consistency) are not included in the 7th and 8th-grade secondary school Turkish course book activities. In addition, it is seen that many Turkish Course Curriculum achievements are not fully represented, especially in the 7th and 8th-grade books, within the framework of the activities in some listening/watching texts, only one or two achievements expressed in the curriculum are included, so the expected diversity and systematicity are not achieved.

Investigation of the Factors Affecting the Job Satisfaction of Teachers in the Context of Turkish Culture

Yusuf Celal EROLMuhammed TURHAN — 2024-08-29

In this study, the factors that affect teachers' job satisfaction in the context of Turkish culture are revealed. The first part of this research, which was designed in the exploratory sequential mixed model, is qualitative and the second part is quantitative. The qualitative part, which is the first part of the study, is the grounded theory study. For this part, data were collected through a semi-structured interview form from a study group consisting of 77 teachers and 48 school principals, using the theoretical sampling method, in the 2018-2019 academic year. The collected data were passed through the open, axial and selective coding stages with the content analysis method. The selective coding phase of the qualitative part was carried out together with the scale development phase, which was the quantitative part of the study. The factors that determine teachers' job satisfaction in the context of Turkish culture are presented in this section. In the quantitative part of the study, data were collected from 501 teachers working in the city center of Elazig in the 2020-2021 academic year, and the validity and reliability studies of the Teacher Job Satisfaction Scale for Turkish Culture, which was developed within the scope of the study, were carried out. In the study, it was concluded that in the context of Turkish culture, teacher job satisfaction has four main sources: school management and leadership, teacher self-actualization, relations with students/parents, and relations with colleagues. According to the results of the study, it was emphasized that all four main sources of teacher job satisfaction should be provided in order to ensure teachers' job satisfaction. In the light of the results obtained in the research, it is suggested that studies that are specific to Turkish culture and that prioritize the problems of people living in Turkey should be conducted and understandings should be developed according to the results of these studies.

A Mıscellaneous to Surveillance Practices in Istanbul between 1838-1840: Tahaffuz (quarantine) Jurnals (journals)

Mustafa Mesut ÖZEKMEKÇİ — 2024-08-29

Since the reign of Mahmud II, the Ottoman Empire wanted to have more detailed information about the individuals that make up the population for a qualified public administration. Depending to this purpose, various applications referred to as surveillance practices have been implemented since the first half of the 19th century, especially in the capital Istanbul. Studies such as censuses conducted after 1826, temettuat registers containing data on the movable and immovable assets of taxpayers, and city maps prepared especially for Istanbul can be given as examples of these surveillance practices. In this context, the Quarantine Organization, which was established in 1838 and aims to prevent possible epidemics in the capital, is one of the structures that serve the surveillance practice. As a matter of fact, the Quarantine Organization creates an inventory of the diseases seen in the capital every month with its establishment, and also prepares the data on those who died from them into summary reports and presents them to the Babıâli (Sublime Porte). In the article, especially the data in the reports prepared with the studies of the Quarantine Organization, which can be accepted as a part of a common modernity phenomenon all over the world in the 19th century, have been examined.

Abstract Asia is the largest and most populated continent in the world. As core co

Mohd MİNHAJ — 2024-08-29

Asia is the largest and most populated continent in the world. As core country located in South Asia region, India is reknowned for high diversified culture, language and religion’s landscape. The country remains quite incomparable when considering the aforementioned background. This rich context had been drawn over history predominantly from Arabs, Mughals and English’s legacy and influence that added to local realities. In same line, even though its impacts are lesser, Ottoman Empire relationship with India mattered as well. Given India’s large openness to foreign cultures, language background is also highly affected. Therefore numrious languages are currently being teaching across the country. Among them Turkish Language might be outlined. Turkish is an important language spoken over a wide geographical area of the world and taught as a foreign language in many countries. Turkey carried out the Turkish language teaching activities for Turkish origin children living abroad with the help of Ministry of Education and the Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency in the past and has been doing the same with Yunus Emre Institute and Presidency for Turks Abroad and Related Communities in the present. The aim of this paper is to reveal when the teaching of Turkish language and literature in India started and examine data related to facts like when, in which states and which universities Turkish courses started to be given including the number of credits and reserved seats. The paper emphasizes the importance of Yunus Emre Institute in the field of Turkish teaching in India has been emphasized and explores previous researches related to the field. Document analysis has been used as a method for the research. The web links of Google Academic, YÖK Thesis Scan and the relevant institutions in India have also been benefitted from throughout the research. In conclusion, what kind of studies should be done in the next phase in the field of Turkish teaching in India has been suggested.

Abstract In this research, the studies on English Language teaching based on the flipped learning method in

İmren DEĞİRMENSemra GÜVEN — 2024-08-29

In this research, the studies on English Language teaching based on the flipped learning method in domestic and foreign articles were examined and it was aimed to determine the direction of their tendencies according to the results obtained. This study, which the research used a qualitative approach, includes 33 domestic articles and 93 foreign articles accessed from ERIC and Google Scholar databases published between 2016-2021. The paper classification form was used by the researcher to evaluate these articles, and the form includes sections, such as article subject, research method, data collection tools, sampling, sample size and data analysis method, etc. Articles were analysed according to these criteria. According to the results, it was concluded that there are some similarities and differences between domestic and foreign articles. Moreover, the research results show that the usage of mixed research method is the highest among research methods in domestic and foreign articles. Also, while it is seen that the number of foreign articles were published by researchers is more on English language skills in flipped learning method, it was found that in domestic studies it is on language skills and academic success. In these articles, it was observed that there was a similarity in terms of sample size and sample group. Researchers mostly worked with undergraduate group in their article studies and mostly with 31-100 people in terms of sample size.

Problems and Solutions Encountered by School Principals During the Pandemic Period

Sinan DOĞANHanifi PARLAR ,Banu ERGÜÇ ŞAHAN — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to examine the opinions of school administrators about the problems they experienced during the pandemic period. The research was prepared by using descriptive phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research models. The sample of the study was determined by purposive sampling method. In line with the criteria of working in public schools, 42 school administrators participating in the research; it was selected from different regions of Turkey. The data of the research; it was obtained with semi-structured interview questions prepared by the researchers after the relevant literature review. The results obtained were analyzed with the content analysis method. The results were analyzed under five main themes. These themes are; organization and management functions, communication and cooperation, problems encountered, monitoring and evaluation, individual competence evaluation. In the research, it was stated that school administrators experienced organizational and administrative problems during the pandemic process; it has been determined that these problems are related to the urgent texts sent by the Ministry of National Education and to organize teachers, students and parents according to them. In this process, it was seen that online platforms and technological competencies came to the fore. In the research, it was stated that school administrators experienced organizational and administrative problems during the pandemic process; it has been determined that these problems are related to the urgent texts sent by the Ministry of National Education and to organize teachers, students and parents according to them. It has been one of the situations stated by school administrators that the EBA system is a very important step in terms of monitoring and evaluation activities and equal opportunity in education, and that the system can be much more efficient with the improvements to be made in the data and statistics sections.

Metaphoric Perceptions of the Students Taking Logic Lesson about the Concept of "Logic"

Hüseyin ÇALDAK — 2024-08-29

The aim of the research is to determine how the students taking Logic lesson conceptualize and perceive the concept of Logic through metaphors. In the study, phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used, and purposeful sampling technique was used to determine the study group. A total of 231 university students from the students who took Logic course at Bingöl University in the academic year of 2020-2021 took part in the research. The metaphor sentence was sent online to the students taking logic lessons. The "content analysis" technique was used to analyze the data. According to the results of the research, the most metaphors in the category of "leading to thinking" were produced by the students who took the Logic course (f = 29). The metaphors produced by the students taking the logic lesson in terms of the number of frequencies; It is included in a total of 12 categories, such as "to the unknown, to be basic need, to be complex and difficult, to be systematic and functional, to be explanatory, holistic, enlightening and guiding, useful, entertaining, valuable and suitable for human nature". It has been seen to take. When the metaphors produced by the students are examined, it is seen that those who take logic courses generally have correct knowledge about logic. In comparisons with other studies, it was observed that students who did not take logic courses had low knowledge performance about logic. It has been determined that students produce metaphors about the definition and functionality of logic.

Analysis of the Outcomes of Turkish Teaching Curriculum as a Foreign Language According to Webb's Depth of Knowledge Levels

Ahmet KARABULUT — 2024-08-29

In this research, it is aimed to evaluate the achievements at A1, B1 and C1 levels in the Turkish as a Foreign Language Curriculum published by the Maarif Foundation in 2019 in terms of Webb's Depth of Knowledge Levels. The study was carried out according to the qualitative research method and in this context, the document analysis method was used. The study material of the research consists of the Turkish as a Foreign Language Teaching Program published in 2019. The obtained data were analyzed by means of descriptive analysis. During the research process, a thematic framework was created by scanning the literature on Webb's Depth of Knowledge, and language skills acquisitions belonging to A1, B1 and C1 levels in the Turkish as a Foreign Language Curriculum were listed and each acquisition was compared to Webb's Depth of Knowledge Levels. Coded with one or more appropriate levels. In Webb's Depth of Knowledge Levels, it is seen that the highest level of knowledge is gathered at level 2 (48%), followed by level 1 (42%) and level 3 (10%). It is seen that the highest level, level 4, is not included in the gains. The findings show that the gains are generally stacked at the 2nd level, namely in the skills and concepts section. In addition, it is seen that the achievements for strategic thinking at the 3rd level are 10% distributed and the achievements for broad thinking at the 4th level are not included in the program at all. Based on these findings, it can be said that high-level thinking skills are not given much place in the program.