Tarih Okulu Dergisi, Year 2022 Issue LVIII

Fraud Detection and Prevention: An Internal Audit Perspective

Ahmet KARAHAN — 2024-08-29

Accounting fraud is the deliberate manipulation of accounting records, and therefore financial statements, in order to make the financial position of the business appear better than it actually is. A business may falsify its financial statements by overstating its revenues, underreporting or not recording its expenses, and misidentifying its assets and liabilities. Fraud has a serious impact on both the business and its investors. The direct effect on the business is that it causes a loss of assets that could plunge the business into a major financial crisis, possibly leading to bankruptcy or takeover by another firm. When fraudulent transactions in the business are disclosed to the public, it causes a sudden drop in the stock price of the business, which reduces the earnings of its investors. Internal audit is an essential part of a business's corporate governance. Considering that the areas of activity where fraud occurs in businesses are within the scope of the internal audit unit, it is necessary to examine the extent to which internal auditors are involved in fraud prevention, detection and investigation. In this article, the role of internal audit in detecting fraud and the proactive methods that internal audit can use to prevent fraud are examined.

An Ancient City in Contemporary Art Practices: Çatalhöyük

Barış BOZOK — 2024-08-29

Archaeological documents and finds from the past are very important in order to understand the age we live in and to build the future. In this context, archaeological sites that have been excavated for many years and still remain mysterious are among the subjects of today's arts and sciences. When evaluated from this perspective, Çatalhöyük as a Neolithic settlement is an important cultural point that inspires today's artists. As one of the most important representational areas of the transition to settled life, we can learn about the changes and transformations of social life. The wall paintings, figures and architectural structures unearthed in Çatalhöyük excavations attract our attention. In this context, within the scope of the research; The original works of Fatma Gasimov Karaaslan, Naile Çevik, Hasan Kıran, Zeliha Kayahan and Ferit Cihat Sertkaya, who produced their works inspired by Çatalhöyük, were analyzed and analyzed. The main scope of this study is the point in which these artists, each of whom continues their production in different techniques and fields, combine the traces of the past with today's art in what ways and thoughts. The second part of the research focuses on the artworks created by the artist Barış Bozok, inspired by Çatalhöyük. The research, in which information about the conceptual infrastructure and technique of these works is shared, also presents an example of how cultural transfer can be realized through art. Qualitative research methods were used in the study. After the conceptual framework was created with document analysis, the artist works were evaluated with the descriptive analysis technique and the result was reached.

Future of Distance Education According to Teachers' Opinions and Its Suitability within the Context of Basic Principles of Turkish National Education in Current Situation

Burak CÖBEKAli ÜNİŞEN — 2024-08-29

The present study purported participant teachers’ opinions of compulsory distance education in terms of the future of distance education and the basic principles of Turkish national education. Participants were composed of sixteen high school branch teachers on a voluntary basis. Research was conducted via a semi-structured interview form. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and content analysis. According to findings of the research, participants thought that distance education would be indispensable in the future. Participants also thought that distance education would trigger autodidactic, individual learning, blended learning, specialization, and lifelong learning. Findings also implied that distance teaching would alter the teacher qualifications. Participants reported that distance education might function as a compensative and complementary with the aid of technology integration and space independence. In terms of basic principles, participants emphasized that there was no equal opportunity due to geographical (regional infrastructure), economic (family income etc.) and social factors (number of siblings etc.). However, it has been concluded that the continuation of education served the principle of continuity, and the independence of space served the principle of education everywhere. The participants had the consensus that the distance education served the right to education for disabled/sick students, and the use of technology served the principle of scientificness.

A Historical Character in the Balkans: Yusuf Agha the Ayan of Berkovitza and His Activities (1805-1817)

Cem DÜZEN — 2024-08-29

Ayans occupies an important place in the Ottoman history of the 18th and 19th centuries. In this direction, they have been power centers that have been able to show local resistance against the central authority for many years. The Edirne Incident in 1806, proved how effective they were against the central authority. However, there are also Ayans who performed their duties in line with the instructions of the central authority in the same period. Among these Ayans, Yusuf Agha's name immediately stands out. Yusuf Agha was born in Aydos and spent his youth in the city of Vidin in the service of Pazvandoglu Osman. With the reference of Pazvandoglu Osman, he became Ayan of Berkovitza and continued his duty under his auspices. However, Yusuf Agha emerged as an individual after the death of Pazvandoğlu Osman Pasha in 1807. Because as of this date, he will appear on the stage of history as an Ayan who can make independent decisions and implement his decisions without hesitation. This in article, specially by using the document analysis technique focuses on Yusuf Agha's Ayan of Berkovitza duty between 1805 and 1817. As a matter of fact, this period is the time period in which Yusuf Agha gained a political stance in his relatively long political life. In this context, the political attitude he took with the central authority in the 1806-1812 Ottoman-Russian War, İdris Pasha Uprising, Kraiova Guard and Ayan of Hezargrad Hasan Ağa events turned Yusuf Agha into one of the most trusted characters of the central goverment in the region. In this article, Ayan of Berkovitza Yusuf Ağa's rise based on the political conjuncture in the Balkans is handled in a historical perspective and aims to contribute to the history of Ottoman Ayan.

Investigation of Anxiety Levels for Gifted and Talented Students at Science and Art Centers in Terms of Different Variables

Derya YÜREĞİLLİ GÖKSUYücel GELİŞLİ — 2024-08-29

In this study, the anxiety levels of science and art center students towards the English lesson were examined in terms of different variables. In this context, the anxiety levels of the students towards the English lesson, the difference in the anxiety levels towards the English lesson according to their gender, the difference in the anxiety levels towards the English lesson according to the type of formal education institution they were educated, and the difference in the anxiety levels towards the English lesson according to the BİLSEM education program levels were determined. In addition, it was revealed that there was no difference between the family education levels of the students and the anxiety levels of the students towards the English lesson. According to the results of the research, there is a significant difference between the anxiety levels of the students towards the English lesson, the lower anxiety compared to male students, the lower anxiety levels of public school students compared to private school students, and the level of anxiety of students according to the level of education level no difference was found. In addition, it was seen that there was no significant difference between the anxiety levels of the students according to the education levels of their mothers, and there was a significant difference between the anxiety levels of the students according to the education levels of their fathers.

Conditions That Necessitate Change of Places in the Administrative Distribution Units (1884-1916)

Ela ÖZKAN — 2024-08-29

Administrative division is a way of dividing a state's territory into administrative divisions. The classical administrative divisions of Ottoman State consisted of from administrative district divided into province, sanjak, township and villages. Regulations regarding these administrative units were accelerated during the Tanzimat period. After the 1864 Provincial Regulation was published, a new classification was made in these administrative units. Administrative division units were formed with these regulations made by the state. However, it is not only administrative regulations; distances, geographical factors, economic-military situations have also been effective in the formation of administrative units. There had been correspondences between the administrative units stating that there are complaints due to the situations we have mentioned. In such cases, the people application to the center because they did not want the state works with both the administrative unit and the center to be disrupted. In our study, the situations that caused the administrative relocations and the complaints as a result of the relocations will be examined and the information about the measures taken will be evaluated with the data obtained from the archive documents.

The Place of Poetry In Classical Era Turkish Writing Education

Emine ÖZLEKHasan KAVRUK — 2024-08-29

Education of writing which constitute an important part of today's mother tongue teaching was conducted generally through munsheats (letters) in classical Turkish literature. Munsheat is derived from the term of insha, which means attainment of all kinds of official and private correspondence and the rules of writing them, and the artistic prose writings written by master writers and poets and the journals in which they are collected. Didactic munsheats created for purpose of teaching rules and methods of artistic writing and to guide them in these matters can be regarded as the reference books of classical writing education. In classical writing education poetry was particularly emphasized in the context of the tools used to gain the writing skill which has an active role in a multi-faceted development in terms of comprehension and expression. On the other hand, it is difficult to say that in the reference books which constitute theoretical background of writing education, the necessary importance is sufficiently given to the poetry except for mentioned among the written expression genres and creative writing activities. This study was prepared in order to reveal the position, importance, function and effects of poetry and meaning attributed to poetry in classical writing education. In this context munsheats which undertook significantly writing education in classical literature and left its mark on the an era's literary and cultural life and constitute reference works of this education were reviewed, and answers were searched for questions according to classical writing education; 'What is the position and importance of poetry in the development of writing skill?', 'What is the position and importance of poetry in the impressiveness of written expressions in terms of style?, 'What are the kinds of written expression in which poetry should not be used?' The data collected by document analysis method from the works constituting study material were analyzed by descriptive analysis method. It has been concluded that in the development of writing skills poetry which in terms of contributing to constituting intellectual background of individual was brought in the foreground; and the benefiting from poetry and the possibilities of poetry in presenting the written expression with a high-level style was important. This study aims to draw attention to be given more place to the subjects of importance, contributions and function of poetry in developing writing skills in reference books of writing education designed to be written.

The Effect of Museum Education Practices on Students' Attitudes and Views towards Concrete Cultural Heritage and Social Studies Course: A Mixed Method Research

Emre SEVİGENİsmail ACUN ,Servet ÜZTEMUR — 2024-08-29

This study, which aims to reveal the effects of museum education practices in social studies teaching on students' attitudes and views towards the concrete cultural heritage and social studies course, was designed according to the embedded (integrated mixed) design, one of the mixed research methods. The study group of the research consists of fifth grade students (20 + 20) continuing their education in a private secondary school located in Gaziantep province Şehitkamil district. A total of 26 different activities were developed for the Gaziantep Archeology Museum and Zeugma Mosaic Museum, including at the school before the tour, at the museum, and at the school after the museum tour, and practices were carried out for the experimental group. Content analysis technique was used to analyze the data obtained through focus group interviews. While the quantitative findings of the study showed that the museum education activities applied to the experimental group positively changed their attitudes towards the concrete cultural heritage, no statistically significant change was observed in their attitudes towards the social studies course. In the qualitative findings of the study, it was determined that the students identified the social studies lesson with the history lesson and they experienced cognitive and affective satisfaction from the activities. At the beginning of the difficulties experienced by students while applying the activities, writing; They stated that the place where they learned the most was the Zeugma Mosaic Museum. As a result of the research, while the attitudes of the students towards the concrete cultural heritage were positively affected in the social studies lesson, which was taught by applying museum education activities, no significant effect was found on their attitudes towards the social studies lesson.

Opinions And Recommendations of the Ministers of Education Constructing the Educational Policies in the Republic Period (1923-1950)

Ethem GÜRHANSabahattin ÇİFTÇİ ,Cafer SANDIKÇI — 2024-08-29

In this study, it is aimed to reveal the opinions and suggestions of the Ministers of National Education, who have a significant impact on the determination of these policies, as well as the education policies followed while determining the qualifications of the youth of the Republic of Turkey, which has just emerged from the war and which is newly established.For this purpose, many sources and materials related to the subject were analyzed by using the document analysis method, one of the qualitative research designs. In this respect, it is important in terms of its contribution to the literature. In the research, it was concluded that the common goal of all ministers is to raise healthy and moral individuals who are firmly attached to their national and spiritual values, always alert to the dangers that may come from outside, who love their homeland and nation, adopt the values of the newly established republic, and are equipped with modern knowledge, always renewing themselves without being behind the times.

Fatih BAYDAR — 2024-08-29

Decision-makers and policymakers’ perspectives of school administrators have significant changes as the responsibility and increasing influence of the school administrator in fulfilling their functions following the school’s objectives became more evident. Therefore, it is essential to review the school administrators’ training, selection, and appointment policies in globalization and change. This study aims to review the policies of choosing, training, and assigning school administrators under the influence of globalization and change. For this purpose, a semi-structured interview form was developed and applied to the participants. The obtained data were analyzed using a qualitative analysis program. The purposeful sampling method, one of the random sampling methods, was used. The research study group consists of 15 education administrators working in Istanbul’s Kartal, Maltepe, and Sultanbeyli districts in the 2021-2022 academic year. During the data collection process, face-to-face interviews were conducted with the participants. According to the research data, the themes and sub-themes created by the opinions of the education administrators about the processes of selection, training, and appointment of education administrators in Turkey are included. The most emphasized issue by the participants in this regard was the complexity and inadequacy experienced in educational administration policies. According to the findings, it has been stated that the Ministry of National Education (MoNE) has made frequent changes in recent years, and this situation has created confusion in education. In the theme of “new management approach,” the participants stated that school principals should follow the innovations in education. It was emphasized that they should apply these innovations in the management processes.

An Evaluatıon On Theory Of Ulrich Beck’s “Risk Society” And Michel Foucault’s “Disciplinary Power” To Covid-19 Pandemic

İbrahim AKSAKAL — 2024-08-29

We were caught in the Covid-19 pandemic unexpectedly and quite unpreparedly. With the effect of the sensational images, the atmosphere of fear covered the whole world in a short time. In order to prevent the spread of the epidemic, states, especially China, had to take drastic measures. However, the spread of the virus could not be prevented and there was a global pandemic. Health systems have been clogged, concerns have arisen about food shortages, medical supplies have been lacking, and long-term shutdowns have been imposed. Governments have had to suspend the most basic human rights, interfere with forms of worship, regulate daily life, close schools, and even close workplaces at the risk of major economic crises. Although there have been many epidemics and crises before, the social and economic impact of Covid-19 was felt more than before. Because modern society is more crowded than before, it consumes more and it destroys nature more. For this reason, the Covid-19 pandemic has caused the whole world to panic and there have been serious concerns about the future. The purpose of this research is to examine and evaluate the Covid-19 pandemic, based on Michel Foucault's Disciplinary Power and Ulrich Beck's "Risk Society" concepts. In this way, the pandemic process was explained by associating it with the risk society, and the measures taken during the pandemic were evaluated within the framework of Michel Foucault's disciplinary power concept.

A Study on the Interpretation of Eugene Ysaye Solo Violin Sonata No.2 in A Minor Op.27

Mehmet Çetin CEVİZ — 2024-08-29

Eugene Ysaye is one of the porminent violin virtuosos of the 19th century. Belgian musician, who also marked the period with his identity as a composer and conductor, ensured the revival of his solo violin repertoire with his sonatas Op. 27. At the same time, he made a great contribution to the development of violin art in technical and musical terms with his modern writing style. Ysaye dedicated the solo violin sonata no.2 to his close friend Jasques Thibaud, one of the violin virtuosos of the period. This study, which started with a quote from J.S. Bach's music, took Ysaye's violin performance to an advanced level, combined with its innovative structure. Ysaye's music resembles the work of composers such as Wieniawski, Paganini and Vieuxtemps, who skillfully used harmonic structure and virtuosity. In this study, the life and career of the composer is included, the formation process of the No.2 Solo Violin Sonata is investigated, and the interpretations of violin players selected from the CD recordings are examined. The aim of this study is to offer violinists who want to interpret Eugene Ysaye's Solo Violin Sonata No.2 in A Minor Solo, the opportunity to get to know the composer and the piece closely. The interpretations of six violin virtuosos were compared in terms of rhythm, tempo, dynamics, bow usage and bow technique, and researched on playing styles was presented. In this context, it is aimed that the study will be beneficial to violin players who want to interpret the Solo Violin Sonata No.2.

Ambalaj ve Ambalaj Tasarımının Tarihsel Gelişimi

Bülent POLAT — 2024-08-29

Throughout the history of civilization, humans have used packages that were made of various materials to protect and store the products they have obtained. In this process, many of the natural or artificial materials were used to protect or transport the product. Along with the increase in production and the change in consumer demands due to the industrialization that started in the 18th century, the marketing feature of the packaging, as well as the protection and storage function, gained importance. The invention of the printing press, the increase in the variety of materials used in packaging production, the effect of new artistic movements and the changing consumption habits of consumers played a major role in the diversification and development of the material and design of the packaging. Packaging and packaging design, which has become a major sector today, has an essential place in product marketing and strategies. While designing a packaging for a product, there are many important points such as the cost of the material chosen for the packaging, the compatibility of the packaging material with the product, the colors used in the design, the typography used and the layout on the shelves as well as the content of the product. In this study, we will examine the packaging designs used from the history of humanity to the present in terms of the materials used in the historical process, the changing purpose of use and changing design applications.

Gender Inequality in Women's Football in the Historical Process

Mehmet KOÇAKDila Şeyda TAŞDEMİR — 2024-08-29

Gender has been defined as the difference of men and women’s roles, responsibilities and behaviors in many areas of life. As in many other fields, women make more effort than men to exist in sports, especially football. Since women's football is less interesting when compared to men's football, it is seen that it lags far behind men's football in terms of popularity, recognition and earnings from a historical point of view. When we look from the historical point of view, it is seen that football entered our lives a long time ago and is one of the most popular sports branches in the world. However, women's football does not have adeep-rooted history compared to men's football in Turkey and in the world. This situation emerges as the most important reasons for football to be seen as belonging to a male-dominated society and to be accepted as a male sport both physically and physiologically. Today, women are also making an effort to exist in the football branch more than ever before. The aim of this study is to determine the reasons that prevent gender equality in football from past to present and to offer solutions. In order to eliminate gender inequality in futbol, studies should be carried out for gender equality by focusing on sports.

Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty in Digital Banking: Findings From Turkey in The Covid-19 Period

Melek YILDIZCanan DAĞIDIR ÇAKAN ,Esengül ÖZDEMİR ALTINIŞIK — 2024-08-29

In this study, the effective dimensions (performance expectation, effort expectation, responsiveness, reliability, security, personalization) on customer satisfaction and loyalty in the use of digital banking in Turkey were examined and then the effect of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty was investigated. Online survey method was used to collect data. Survey data of 719 participants were evaluated by correlation and regression analysis methods with SPSS25 package program. The fact that the study was carried out at a time when pandemic, which had significant effects on economic and social life, was ongoing, is important for better understanding of customer's demands and adds originality to study. The dimensions of performance expectation, effort expectancy, reliability, security, personalization discussed in the study have a positive and significant relationship on customer satisfaction. However, the responsiveness dimension isn’t effective on customer satisfaction. According to results of the analysis, customer satisfaction affects customer loyalty positively.

Non-State Armed Group’s Durability Strategy: Instrumentalizing De-Facto Governance

Muhammed KARAKUŞ — 2024-08-29

This article seeks to explain how de-facto government structures can be used as a durability/resilience strategy for Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs). During intrastate wars and after, these groups are in need of legitimacy, fighter, resources, and other components that shape their political behaviors, strategies, choices, threat perceptions, and interactions with other actors in a specific territory. By establishing de-facto governments, these armed groups adopt an increasingly locally-focused strategy and instrumentalize the territory. This study also claims that with the shift from the de-territorial nature of terrorism to re-territorial terrorism, these armed groups that control territory and establish governance facilities are likely to live longer. The study compares the Syrian Salvation Government that was established by Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria that was established by Democratic Union Party (PYD) with Somaliland, one of Africa’s long-lasting de-facto governments.

Natives and Digital Immigrants: The Awareness of Health Professional Parents About Their Children’s Internet Security and Digital Games

Nihal DURMAZBetül ULUKOL — 2024-08-29

The development of the Internet and digital devices has totally transformed our daily lives in recent years. A greater number of people, especially children, are using the Internet at ever-increasing rates. Research has shown that children get acquainted with the computer screen in their first six months and that they have their personal digital devices at the age of 3-4 years. In the study, the opinions of digital native and immigrant parents with the high level of education and working in the field of health about digital games and Internet security as well as their awareness of the positive and negative effects of digital games were investigated. The participants of the study comprised of309 health professionals. According to Prensky’s classification, 72.4% (n=224) of the participants were determined to be DI, and 24.3% (n=85) were identified as DN. Parents ensured their digital security by using anti-virus software, and by using secure websites. No statistically significant difference was found between DNs and DIs regarding personal digital security. The opinions of the DI and DN parents about digital games were generally negative. As most of the articles published on digital games usually focused on the negative effects of digital games on children’s psychological, social, and physical health, it is thought that the participants whose awareness of health was high were more prone to display a more negative attitude towards digital games. Using the Internet, which is an inevitable part of life in the changing world, securely and competently, providing the children with the opportunity to catch up with the possibilities on the Internet, enabling all children to have equal access to the digital world in terms of child rights can have a significantly positive effect on the developmental and social well-being of children. It is important that the awareness of health professionals be raised in this regard.

POLITICAL ADVERTISEMENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION AND THE MEDIA: THE EXAMPLE OF THE 2011 TURKISH GENERAL ELECTIONS

Oğuz Han ÖZTAY — 2024-08-29

Political communication refers to a process. In that process the political discourses, then are the essential characteristics of politics, affect the attitudes and behaviors of voters. Political actors try to convey their messages toward the public through various communication channels in the effort of political communication process. Political advertisements are one of the most essential and effective political communication methods. The television commercials are widely used in the political communication process and are accepted as to be one of the most effective tool in political communication. This study examines both the ruling Ak Party's and the main opposition party CHP's television commercials, which competed against each other to be the ruling party in the 12 June 2011 General Elections in Turkey. The method for analyzes is the advertising analysis model introduced by Rutherford (1996) in his book "New Icons: The Art of Advertising on Television". The model bases on aspects of “Meanings, Aesthetics, Structure, Metaphors and Images, Binary Logic, Cultural References, Symbols and Ideology”. Both commercials use a positive and a unifying language in it. Ruling Ak Party’s advertisement shows people wearing local clothes from various age groups. Thus, it aims to create an emotional bond between the party and the potential voters. On the other hand CHP’s commercials give the message around unity and solidarity also yet it framed in a pessimistic manner. That commercial, portrays the opposition leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu as he meets the public and appears as a solution to the problems. So that way, it follows a strategy to create a bond between the voter and the leader

The Expansıon of Wahhabi's Dominion: Reasons for Qasr-ı Ibn Aqil Faılure and Thıngs to be Done Accordıng to Major Hussein Husnu

Özer ÖZOCAK — 2024-08-29

Abdulaziz b. Rashid, requested help from the Ottoman Empire during his struggle with Ibn Saud. This request for help led to a new intervention by the Ottoman Empire in Najd, which was quite far from Istanbul. Some names came to the fore in the administration of the Ottoman force that faced the Wahhabis. Major Hüseyin Hüsnü, one of the last period Ottoman officers, who conveyed his observations about the expeditions with the people of Najd and Najd under the name of ‘Necid Kıt'asının Ahvâl-i Umûmiyesi’, is among the names mentioned. Hussein Husnu is a rare, perhaps the only, person who fought against the Wahhabis and wrote on loan. In terms of our study, Ibn Rashid's expectations from the intervention of the Ottoman Empire against his regional rival, his attitude during the campaign and the deterioration of the military order of the force sent to Necid are some of the details discussed. Particularly, Hussein Husnu's criticisms about the preference of one over the other in the struggle between two regional elements that dragged the Ottoman force into conflict with the Saudis are quite remarkable. In this context, in our study, the critical approach of Hussein Husnu was prioritized, and it was aimed to present a different perspective and approach in historiography of Ottoman-Wahhabi relations in line with the Wahhabi problem, one of the most serious problems of the Ottoman Empire.

Redefining Fanaticism Through Uses of an Idea

Serkan YORGANCILAR — 2024-08-29

The concept of fanaticism has been used to describe social relations and a certain social typology dating back to Kant. Although the origin of the concept is different in different languages, the meaning of the concept is close to each other. When we look at the studies on fanaticism in our country, it is clear that there are very few independent studies. The work ‘Fanaticism On the Uses of an Idea’ written by Toscano in the world of science and translated into Turkish has filled an important gap at this point. In the study, the concept of fanaticism is defined by sticking to the context that Toscano's concept of fanaticism traces in the historical context. In the first uses of the concept, it was determined that the fanatic was not only used for those who remained loyal to the sacred area. In addition, it has been concluded that the concept of fanatic is not always negative, although it is very rarely used in positive meanings in some historical periods. An important element in understanding the origins of fanaticism is the human factor. Man is the only living creature capable of fanatical behaviour. In this context, the characteristics of fanatics are also mentioned by making use of different disciplines. In the study, after focusing on the reasons that push people to fanatical behaviours, the common characteristics of fanatic individuals were evaluated. It is clear that individuals who feel insecure in the face of the other develop more fanatical reactions. Fanaticism is very sharply opposed to the thought/ideology/discourse outside of itself. However, it was seen that he accepted his own thoughts without question. In the study, in which the importance of leader and group affiliations in fanaticism was evaluated, different evaluations about fanaticism were also criticized. The four basic and interrelated dimensions of fanaticism are the rejection of representation, the negation of the world, antagonism as the founding element of subjectivity, and the dominance of violence and savagery.

Contrıbutıons of Documentarıes as a Materıal to the Hıstory Teachıng Methods. A Theoretıcal Study

Sibel YAZICIAhmet Ali GAZEL — 2024-08-29

Considering that the past events cannot be experienced and seen again, it is necessary to increase the diversity of education methods and tools in order to develop a positive attitude towards history and to raise conscious citizens. In this respect, visual materials can be used to make the topics to be taught in a concrete way. As a result, since the human mind develops from concrete to abstract, students improve their learning and memory retention levels to the extent that they are confronted with the concepts presented to them in the lessons. This situation has made documentaries as a potential visual material to be used in the history teaching. It is stated that instructional films should not be used independently of teaching methods, and that determining their contribution to the lesson, especially while planning, will affect the efficiency of the lesson. However, studies show that there are many appropriate methods in regard to the use of documentary in history teaching, but the existing studies on teaching practices are not sufficient which should be expanded. From this point of view, the study aimed to uncover the contributions that documentaries can provide to history teaching methods such as the way of presentation, the way of invention, research-analysis, travel-observation, case study, question and answer, discussion, historical empathy, demonstration and oral history. In the research, the importance of the method-material relationship was tried to be revealed.

Turkish Foreign Policy in Covid-19 Pandemic: Implications of Smart Power

Şuay Nilhan AÇIKALIN — 2024-08-29

This article aims to analyse Turkish foreign policy during the first year of Covid-19 (2020) with the notion of smart power. It is qualitative descriptive analysis that enriched with personal interviews from high-level decision maker to citizens who was evacuated. The analysis shows that Turkish foreign policy implies smart power through combination of soft and hard power which with medical aid and evacuations of Turkish citizens as well as military operations in Libya during Covid-19 and actively boots on ground policy in East Mediterranean is unique perspective in the literature where mostly focuses on only soft power. Participants of research clearly express that the Turkish government shows enormous efforts to make evacuation that never leave their citizens behind while military operations successfully continue in different regions.

The Relationship of Cyberloafing Behavior and Work Performance in Administrative Staffs

YUNUS EMRE AVCISELÇUK DEMİR ,ÖMER ÜCE — 2024-08-29

The use of the Internet, which is rapidly spreading all over the world, has become an indispensable need fot both institutions and their employees. Even if this development has been accepted as positively, there have been some apprehensions about how employees’ active internet usage during their working hours will affect the performance of the individuals. It is crucial to explore the relationship of this situation, which can be called cyberloafing, with employee performance. The aim of this research is to reveal the relationship between cyberloafing behaviours and work performance of employees. This research is a descriptive study in correlational survey model. The sample of the research consists of the administrative personnel working at Siirt University. Cyberloafing and Employee Performance Scales have been implemented to the administrative staffs in the research. Acquired data SPSS statistics have been evaluated with package programme. According to correlational analysis results, there is a significant and negative relationship between cyberloafing behaviours and sub-dimensions and work performance of administrative staffs. Regression analysis results have revealed that cyberloafing and some cyberloafing activities can predict work performance of employees. In this study, In this study, suggestions have been developed for acquired results.

District Administration Structure and Managers in the Late Ottoman Period: The Case of Akçadağ District (1870-1920)

Danyal TEKDAL — 2024-08-29

The best way to see the Tanzimat-Era Ottoman provincial reforms concretely is to look at their application areas and implementers. Undoubtedly, one of the important factors determining the level of success of this process, which was carried out with the administrative organization at the level of province, sanjak, district and township, which was shaped to a large extent after 1871, and the civil chiefs at the head of them, is undoubtedly the provincial administrators. From this point of view, the reflections of the reforms of the state can be observed in the Akçadağ district, which was connected to the Malatya sanjak between 1870-1920. In parallel with the administrative developments that took place in the fifty-year period, thirty-five district governors appointed from the center served in the Akçadağ district. As in the province and sanjak level, leaving the duty and taking office frequently in the district administration naturally brought along administrative instability. One reason for this is the administrative weaknesses and personal problems revealed by the district governors, while the other reason is the investigations caused by the complaints made by the local citizens. The district governors were accompanied administratively by other officials such as the district administrative council, the naib, the property manager, the registration clerk, the civil registry officer, the ballot box trustee and the telegraph officer. In the administrative decisions of the district governors, their upbringing and administrative experience are of great importance. For this reason, his previous duties, birth dates, educational status, appointment and relocation procedures, and developments such as retirement, salary, investigation and punishment are discussed in detail in many aspects. Akçadağ, which preserved its position at the end of the period, was transferred to the Republic as a district of Malatya. It maintains this status even today.

Traces of Oghuz Turkish Phonological Elements in Chagatai TurkishAbstract

Recep YÜRÜMEZ — 2024-08-29

According to the historical linguistic studies, Chagatai and Oghuz languages diverged from each other due to geographical distance since the end of the Karakhanid language, being neighbors with new cultures, and the language of different tribes becoming the language of writing and literature. However, due to the historical past, the similarity in vocabulary and grammar continued. The study of these grammatical commonalities will not only contribute to a better understanding of Turkish today, but will also become a source for scientific research of its origin. In this study, which was limited to the phonetic elements of Oghuz and Chagatai languages, the known phonetic elements of Oghuz were investigated and their reflections in Chagatai were discussed with a holistic approach. As a result of the study, it was found that sixteen phonetic elements from the Oguz language were found in the Chagatai language.