Tarih Okulu Dergisi, Year 2023 Issue LXII

Determining the Asymmetrical Relationship Between Exports and Uncertainty in Turkey: Which One is More Effective; Domestic, Foreign or Trade Uncertainty?

Adem TÜRKMEN — 2024-08-29

The main purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between uncertainty and exports in Turkey. In this direction, using the quarterly data for the 1993-2022 period, the asymmetric relationship between exports and uncertainty was investigated by NARDL method. In addition to OECD income, real effective exchange rate and imports, which are used as the control variables, analyzes were made through the World Uncertainty Index (WUI), World Trade Uncertainty Index (WTUI) and Turkey Uncertainty Index (TRUI) variables. As a result of the analyses made, the existence of long-term and short-term asymmetrical relationships has been detected. In the long run, only domestic uncertainty has a negative effect on exports in negative shocks. In the short run, it has been revealed that trade uncertainty has a positive effect on negative shocks and a negative effect on positive shocks, world uncertainty has a positive effect only on positive shocks, and internal uncertainty has a positive effect on negative shocks. In addition, according to the cumulative graphs, it has been observed that the asymmetric effects are not very long-lasting in the short term, but the effects of trade uncertainty are more than both internal and external uncertainty. These results reveal that a foreign trade policy aimed at increasing exports can be possible with long-term internal stability. In addition, the fact that imports give significant results in all models (under different uncertainty conditions) both in the short and long term indicates the dependence of exports on imports in Turkey.

The Report of James Loder Park, Izmir American Deputy Console, on the Damage which Performed by The Greeks

Elçin YILMAZElçin YILMAZ — 2024-08-29

This study focuses on the report sent by the American Vice Consul James Loder Park to the American Ministry of Foreign Affairs on April 11, 1923. The Greeks started to retreat towards Izmir on 30 August 1922 and destroyed the towns that they passed through. The report dealt with the Greeks' destruction of these towns (Menemen, Manisa, Turgutlu, Alaşehir and Salihli) while retreating towards İzmir. In this report, Park, who travelled with a delegation from Izmir to witness and report this destruction, noted detailed observations and impressions. Park also included in his report statements from Turkish authorities and government officials, and the testimonies of the people living in these towns. Although the report makes an important contribution to the international literature on the subject, it has not been examined in detail in research. . The fundamental purpose of the study is to conduct a detailed investigation of the subject, and to make a comparative analysis with American national archive documents, Turkish official authorities reports, national commissions reports and copyrighted works. As a methodology, document analysis was carried out in the study.

Examination of the Relationship between Collaborative Learning and Decision-Making Skills of Primary School 4th Students

Ender ÖZERENFatih Selim ERDAMAR — 2024-08-29

In this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between cooperative learning and decision-making skills of primary school 4th grade students. Therefore, this study was designed with the correlational model, in which the existence of the relationships between the variables and the direction and level of the relationship, if any, were determined. The population of the research consists of students studying in public primary schools in the center of Diyarbakir in the 2021-2022 academic year. The research sample, on the other hand, consists of students studying in the 4th grade of public schools in the province of Diyarbakır, which was determined by the "Simple Random Sampling" method, which is one of the probability-based sampling types among the primary school students in the universe. As a result of the reliability analysis conducted within the scope of this research, the Cronbach-alpha reliability coefficient was calculated as .84 in the cooperative learning scale and .80 in the decision-making skills scale. Students; It was determined that their perceptions of cooperative learning were at the "mostly" level (= 3.14) and their perceptions of decision-making skills were at the "occasionally" level (= 2.35). Because of the correlation analysis; no statistically significant relationship was found between cooperative learning and decision-making skills (p = .06).

Critical Approach to Educational Supervision in Turkey: How Should Teacher's Educational Supervision Be?

Engin İŞ — 2024-08-29

In recent years, teacher supervision practices in the world have been discussed more intensively, and new model proposals are constantly brought to the agenda, based on the ineffectiveness and inefficiency of existing educational supervision practices. In our country, the necessity of developing appropriate supervision models is discussed in order to achieve sustainable quality and effective learning environments in education. Education is one of the means of sustaining the existence of societies. Countries achieve social and economic prosperity thanks to well-educated individuals and societies. States realize their educational policies, which determine their economic, technological, social and political priorities, through schools. Education is seen as the producer of the necessary human resource capital. The quality of teaching is one of the important factors affecting success. Improving teaching is one of the most important needs of today's educational effectiveness. The purpose of supervision, which is an administrative necessity, is to ensure the effectiveness of the school. One of the ways to success in ensuring effectiveness in education and training is the control mechanism created. From this point of view, the aim of the research is to critically examine the practice of supervision in practice in the Turkish education system and to develop suggestions in this direction. According to the conclusion reached in this research, although the change made in the supervision system in Turkey in 2014 and 2015 was a positive step, school principals were not ready to fulfill their instructional supervision roles in line with the change made in their instructional supervision roles and competencies. It can be stated within the limitations of this research that school.

Traces of Ancient Turkic Cults in Iran: Examples of Stone and Rock Cults in Komijan Region

Faruk GÜNİhsan Kasımhani — 2024-08-29

Komijan is located within the borders of the Iranian Markazi Province. Turks belonging to the Bayat tribe live in an area where the Turkic population is concentrated. The earth-water beliefs that existed in the old Turkic religion, as a cultural symbol, preserve their existence among the Turks in the Komijan region today and represent the Turkic identity. The cult of sacred rock and stone, which has place in earth-water beliefs, fulfills an important function in understanding and comprehension of the socio-cultural life of the Turks in the region. People want realization of their wishes by making wishes when they visit the cult rocks. If their wish is granted, they give their children the name Kaya (Rock) along with another name, regardless of whether they are boys or girls. The fact that the rock cult, which has such functions in social life, has not been adequately and thoroughly discussed in folklore studies in Iran and Turkey, has prevented the understanding of the place and importance of the rock cult in Turkiс culture of the region, thus revealing the necessity of the study. The study was written in order to identify the practices and customs associated with the rock cult in the region and present its place in Turkic culture in a comparative form. The data used on beliefs and practices associated with the rock cult consists of information collected from oral sources of the region in 2019. When the collected data was examined, it was found that beliefs and customs based on the ancient Turkic belief system lived in social life and are still preserved in the Turkic culture of the Komijan region with various changes and transformations.

Historical Development of Social Work Institutions in Turkey

Ferhat TOPERHarun ASLAN ,Ali Osman ÖZPOLAT — 2024-08-29

Throughout the history of humanity, cooperation and solidarity have always existed, although they have changed according to each period's economic, social, cultural, and political structure. However, traditional aids were insufficient to solve the problems faced by the population concentrated in the cities, especially the workers, especially after the Industrial Revolution. As a result, there was a need for professional assistance and services for disadvantaged population groups. At the end of the 19th century, programs for social work education began to take shape. Social work in Anatolia has developed and transformed from a religious and traditional understanding rather than the social and economic changes that the West has undergone. Social work in Anatolia has developed and transformed with many social references, especially its religious and traditional roots. During the Ottoman Empire, especially orphans and orphans formed the priority area of social work. The Republican Period has been a turning point for the development of social services. Especially after the establishment of SHÇEK in 1963, institutionalization began in the provision of social services. In 2011, social service institutions affiliated with different units were gathered under a single roof under the name of the Ministry of Family and Social Policies. Even though there were name changes in the process, the Ministry of Family and Social Services, with its current name, has become the institution where social services are provided to improve and change the situation of individuals, groups, and local communities, especially children, young people, elderly, disabled, women, asylum seekers, and immigrants. In this article, the historical development of social service institutions from the Ottoman period to the present and the services they provide are included.

An Evaluation on Public Expenditures and Investments in Education in Erzurum (1928-1938)

Harun AYDINSinever Esin DAYI — 2024-08-29

From the 19th century onwards, the Ottoman public bureaucracy began to provide formal education in accordance with the requirements of the era in order to meet the practical needs of the Ottoman public bureaucracy, and both legal regulations were made for this education and public buildings required by legal regulations were built. This necessitated public expenditures and investments in education. In addition to institutions offering higher education, iptidai, rüştiye and idadis were established to provide basic education. During the reign of Sultan Abdülhamid II, institutions providing basic and secondary education spread across the country. Since the early years of the Republic, the curricula of these educational institutions were reorganized according to the requirements of the age and new educational institutions were opened with the budgets allocated to this field. In order to improve education, new school buildings were constructed in the center and districts of Erzurum, and the literacy rate was increased accordingly. Within the scope of this study, the educational expenditures and investments made in Erzurum between 1928 and 1938 were analyzed, and these expenditures showed their effects on the socioeconomic and cultural life of the city in the following period. Primary schools and high schools providing basic education were opened in Erzurum, and National Schools were opened within the scope of literacy mobilization. In order to reach a wider audience with the educational activities that started in Erzurum, halkevleri, which had nine branches, were opened in Erzurum and some of its districts. This study is based on archival documents, TUIK, national and local newspapers, and copyrighted works. Finally, this article is a qualitative study; document analysis technique was used in the article.

Double Audit Good Governance for Organized Industrial Zones Model Proposal (An Evaluation Based On Field Research)

Mehmet ÖLMEZYusuf Karakılçık — 2024-08-29

Organized Industrial Zones (OIZs), which were institutionalized in our country in the 1960s, have increased both in number and in scale and scope over time, and have spread to all regions of the country. The management structures and functions of OIZs, which have undergone significant changes in the process and in the context of new developments, have begun to fall short in the face of global and regional developments. It is thought that a new management model based on good governance and participation is needed in order to solve the managerial problems of OIZs and to create a more effective-functional institutional structure. Because governance; It envisages a multi-actor structure based on contemporary management principles such as participation, transparency, accountability and effectiveness-efficiency. In this study, the applicability of a new model based on good governance understanding instead of traditional management approach of OIZs is examined and a "double audited good governance model" is suggested. In this direction, in addition to the literature review, a field study (survey application) was conducted, which predicts the implementation of good governance in OIZs and aims to measure the possible effects of the proposed good governance model. Within the scope of the field research, a questionnaire was applied to 139 OIZ regional directors, representing each province, out of 249 OIZs operating under the Ministry of Industry and Technology, using the judicial sampling method. As a result of the literature review and field research, suggestions were made for the management structure of OIZs. It is assumed that OIZs will be managed more effectively and more efficient service will be provided with the "Double Audit Good Governance Model" proposed in this context. In the proposal of the "Good Governance Model with Double Audit", a structure in which there is interaction instead of a hierarchical system, harmony instead of mutual conflict, horizontal relations instead of vertical relations, and multi-actor management instead of a single-player management system is designed. This good governance model is a more transparent, participatory, collaborative, double-supervised model developed in line with the principle of effectiveness and efficiency. With the "Double-Audit Good Governance Model" in OIZs, authorities and responsibilities will be distributed to different actors and a joint management will be carried out in cooperation.

From Encouragement to Commendation: Sultan Abdulhamid II’s Bestow to the Ulema

Meryem ÇEKİMFatma Kaya Doğanay — 2024-08-29

Sultan II. Abdulhamid tried to benefit from the power of religious authorities in order to be effective on the people both in the Ottoman lands and in different geographies where Muslims lived. Accordingly, he honored the Muslim ulama in various ways, as well as the non-Muslim clergymen. Sultan II. In order to strengthen the emotional bond with the state, to increase the efficiency of the service, to provide discipline and control, their wives and daughters were awarded along with the ulema during the reign of Abdulhamid. Sultan II. Abdulhamid's compliment practices towards the ulema were rank promotion, medals, engagements, etc. was in the form of rewards. In this way, people were tried to be taken under protection and made a part of the system. In addition, Sultan II. Abdulhamid saw the grant of medals and decorations as an investment in goodwill and used it effectively in both domestic and foreign politics. In parallel with this, Sultan II. There was a serious increase in the number of medals and decorations during the reign of Abdülhamid, and this situation was also reflected in the archive documents. This work is Sultan II. It aimed to reveal the purpose and function of the ulema during the reign of Abdulhamid. The study is based on data collection and analysis based on documents, which do not require one-to-one interaction. The data collected in accordance with the objectives of the study were interpreted with the historical research design, and general scanning and content analysis were made with the concept analysis design. The Ottoman archive documents with their rich content provided the most important contribution to the study at the source point. In this direction, archive documents were analyzed and classified.

Investigation of Parental Attitudes on Children’s Adaptation and Behavioral Problems: A Diagnosis of Needs Study

Mesut YILDIRIMFigen KILIÇ — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to examine the attitudes of parents on behavioral problems of children aged 6-12 in terms of various variables. The research was designed with the survey method, one of the quantitative research methods. The sample of the study consists of 968 parents (484 mothers and 484 fathers) with children between the ages of 6-12 in 21 provinces in total in seven geographical regions of Turkey. As a data collection tool in the research, “Parental Attitude Inventory for Adaptation and Behavioral Problems of Children” which is a scenario type measurement tool with five options and consists of three sub-scales was used. The names of sub-scales are “Individual Adaptation and Behavioral Problems Scale”, “Social Adaptation and Behavioral Problems Scale” and “Academic Adaptation and Behavioral Problems Scale”. Independent groups t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation analyzes were performed on the data obtained in the study. In the study, it was found that there is no significant difference in attitudes of parents towards individual, social and academic adaptation, and behavior problems of children in terms of the gender of the parent and the gender of the children. However, it was determined that there was a significant difference based on geographical regions and according to the education level of the parents. In addition, moderate positive correlations were found between mothers’ and fathers’ attitudes towards children's individual, social and academic adaptation, and behavioral problems.

A Moldavian Voivode Executed in Divan and His Muhallefat: Miron Barnovschi (1633)

Muhammet Ali KILIÇ — 2024-08-29

Miron Barnovski Movila was a voivode in Moldavia for three years between 1626 and 1629 at the beginning of the 17th century. During his tenure he was in search of anti-Ottoman alliances and as a result of this he was dismised and took refuge in Poland. After spending 4 years there, he entered Moldavia with the support of the people who revolted against Alexandru Iliaş, and became once againg a voivode of Moldavia with a fait accompli. Barnovski, to have approved this de facto situation to the Ottoman Sultan, embarked on a journey towards İstanbul with a large entourage. At the end of his journey he was executed in Divan on July 2^nd, 1633, with the sultan's order and the sheikh al-Islam’s fatwa just as the Wallachian voivode Constantin Brâncoveanu (1714) was executed in the same place one century later. In this article, Barnovski's relations with the Ottomans, his opposition and events leading up to his execution will be evaluated. Also his muhallefat, a document arranged after his death concerning his belongings which has not been touched yet is going to be assessed.

The Effect of Positive Perceptions of Physical Education and Sports Teachers on Multifaceted and Unlimited Career Orientations

Murat ŞAKARAbdulselam KAHRAMAN — 2024-08-29

This study, which examines the effects of physical education and sports teachers' positive perceptions on multifaceted unlimited career orientations, has 3 main objectives. The first aim is to reveal the predictive effect of teachers' positive perceptions on their versatile and unlimited career orientations. The second aim is to reveal the effect of positive perception on career attitude and self-direction attitude, which is the sub-scale of multi-faceted career, on psychological mobility and organizational mobility, which is the sub-scale of unlimited career. The third aim is to investigate the mediating role of multifaceted career in the effect of positive perception on unlimited career. The universe of this research consists of physical education and sports teachers working in Karaman. The sample of the study consisted of 102 physical education and sports teachers working in the province of Karaman. Confirmatory factor analyzes of the scales used in the research were made with the AMOS23 package program and the fit indices were found to be compatible for the analysis in the research. Mediator variable analysis was performed with the SPSS-PROCESS23 package program. As a result of the research, it was seen that positive perception positively affects multi-faceted career and self-direction, which is its sub-scale, at the same time, it affects psychological mobility, which is the unlimited career sub-scale, positively and organizational mobility negatively. Another result of the research is that positive perception alone does not affect unlimited careers, but it affects unlimited careers through multi-faceted careers. These results, based on strong theoretical foundations and supported by empirical data, are important in terms of broadening the psychological factors affecting contemporary career theories.

Examination of the Printing Results of the Design Study Printed With Security Ink

Mustafa KISA — 2024-08-29

One of the most important goals in visual communication and design is to transform the design studies into products and services after passing all the production stages and to ensure that this product is accepted by the target audience. Nowadays, almost many products are faced with counterfeiting on the markets. Counterfeit products affect the manufacturer and consumer in many ways. Although these fake products are cheaper than the original ones, they sometimes affect the consumer economically and sometimes in terms of health. The vast majority of printed documents and products consist of paper and nylon raw materials. A designer doing corporate studies should take precautions in visual designs, sometimes in a way that will be part of the design, sometimes by considering the safety of the design before it turns into a product. Sometimes the measures are visual, which only the designer knows. Sometimes these measures are the transformation of a design work made with invisible inks into a print. In the study, the transfer of the design made with invisible inks to paper was discussed. In order to take precautions against counterfeiting, they were printed on different brand papers with security ink and then tested under UV light. As a result of the printing on the papers, the security images formed on the papers reacted to UV light on three different brands of paper and the image was formed. In one of them, it was seen that the image did not form by not reacting under UV light. In order to prevent counterfeiting as a result of the test, the designer needs to create solutions by taking into account the reactions of the carriers in his/her work, while animating the product in three dimensions in his/her mind and realizing the design.

Reflecting the Spirit of the Space in the Construction of Urban Culture: Atik Valide Sultan Complex and its History

Salih BATALAyşe KAPUCU YAVUZ — 2024-08-29

Architectural elements are one of the most important and visible factors in the reflection of social accumulation from the past to the present. The fact that many architectural works were produced during the Ottoman Period is a serious wealth, especially for Istanbul, which was the capital city. These elements, which contain the technical and cultural attitudes of their periods, also constitute an input to benefit from the experience of yesterday. Mimar Sinan, one of the most important names of architecture, produced valuable works during the century he lived. Among these works, social complexes are one of the leading actors in shaping daily life. The complexes, which serve more than a place of worship, attract attention in terms of their historical depth still today. Among the many historical complexes in Istanbul, the Atik Valide Sultan Complex in the Üsküdar district is privileged with its construction style and technical features. This study focuses on the Atik Valide Sultan Complex, its history, and its contribution to the construction of Istanbul’s urban culture. Preservation of architectural values from the past; is important in terms of transferring the urban culture to the next generations. The article study was prepared using the historical analysis method.

Digitalization of Education as a Modernization Trend in the Global World

Semih ÇAYAKİsmail EROL — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this research; to examine the studies on the digitalization of education and to analyze the situation of the current education systems regarding digitalization. In line with this main purpose, document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. Among the documents examined, there are theses and articles from 2000 and later. Within the scope of the research, "National Thesis Center of the Council of Higher Education" was used as the thesis database and a total of 48 theses were examined under the headings of "digitalization" and "digitalization of education". Again, "Google Scholar" was used as the database of the articles, and a total of 54 articles were examined with a search limited to the words "digitalization in education", "digitalization" and "digitalization of education". As a result of the analysis of the data in the relevant documents, it has been revealed that in general, technological developments accelerate globalization and digital transformation, digitalization of education has some advantages and disadvantages, there are some obstacles in front of digital transformation in education, and education stakeholders have different expectations from this process in the digital age.

A Historical and Cultural Composition in Turkish Painting: The Example of Adnan Çoker

Tuncay ÇİÇEK — 2024-08-29

When it comes to Modern Turkish Painting, Adnan Çoker has always adhered to abstract-based paintings as an identity. However, it is possible to say that Çoker, who has tried many techniques throughout his art life, never gave up on abstract lines. Even though he used the Turkish cultural and traditional structure in his works, he always presented his works by integrating them within his own perspective. Coker, whose paintings also show traces of Turkish-Islamic art, presents the simplicity, symmetry and monumentality on which Ottoman architecture is based, with a plastic transformation in his works. However, these are mostly hidden in his works and are not directly visible. Drawing attention in almost every painting he was influenced by the cultural structure and architecture, Çoker successfully presents these with his own compositions. While bringing all these together, he is also fed by the historical and cultural structure, and in this way, he tries to reach universal meanings with his works. In the light of all this information, Adnan Çoker's art has been evaluated from a historical and cultural perspective in this study. Examples from Çoker's art were shared and discussed within the framework of contemporary painting.

Ziyade Sultan Woman and Âlemhan Bikeç From Crimea

Zeynep ÖZDEM KÖSE — 2024-08-29

The Crimean Khanate, which ruled in the northern region of the Black Sea between 1441 and 1783, was divided into two parts, the region directly under Ottoman rule and the khanate country of the Ottoman State, in terms of political dominance since 1475. The khanate, which was politically, socially and economically integrated with the Ottoman Empire, was an important source of power for the Ottomans in the north, especially in military terms. Court records from the Khanate are of great importance in understanding the military, political, social, cultural and economic life of the khanate. Various information about the cities of the khanate is obtained from the examples of edicts, various lawsuits and estates in the court registers. In this study, the estate of two women living in Bahçesaray, the center of the khanate, which is included in the court registers, was examined. Based on these women's estates, an idea has been gained about what women living in Crimea in the 17th century could have. It is thought that the study will contribute to the field of Ottoman period khanate history, cultural history and women's studies. In addition to the court registers used as the main source in the research, various research works related to the subject were also used.

The Symbolic Function of Myth: A Comparative Approach

Ziya Kıvanç KIRAÇHasan Alpay KARASOY — 2024-08-29

Myths are symbolic forms that provide anonymous answers to the problem of meaning, which is the most basic human need. With modern times, people's understanding of meaning has not ended, on the contrary, many old narratives that have emerged as an alternative to reason and science have become stronger. Ideologies, which are a product of modernism, have also approached the problem of meaning with special importance and have effectively used myths, rituals and symbols by transforming into grand narratives. Myths, which contain descriptions and reasons for the origin of man and nature, are among the effective symbolic forms of ideologies. The place of myths in the reading of political symbolism draws attention mostly in the connection with the past in the processes of creating collective memory. Within the values attributed to ancient times, myths symbolically represent sublime meanings. As a reading of political symbolism, this highlights the importance of myths in appealing to emotions. On the other hand, myths also serve an advertising logic by replacing the commodity, especially in consumption behavior. Myth takes its place in the critical dimension of ideology by transforming into a sign or sign beyond the symbol. In this sense, myths have functions in both semantic and semiotic dimensions depending on two different definitions of ideologies.

The Effect of Social Media on Destination Selection: A Study on Potential Tourists in the Central Anatolia Region

Zührem YAMANAlican ÇINAR — 2024-08-29

In this study, in which the effect of social media in the choice of destination is measured, primarily potential tourists are emphasized. When the literature is examined, there is no such study for potential tourists, even if there is, it is seen that the focus is on active tourists, not potential tourists. However, potential tourists are as important as active tourists for tourism. The tourist, which is the subject of tourism, consists of regions that send tourists and attract tourists. Accordingly, the study was carried out on tourist-sending regions with more potential tourists. The population of the research consists of potential tourists in the Central Anatolia region and sampling was carried out using the sampling method according to the purpose. In the sampling method according to the purpose, it is tried to choose the most suitable people for the purpose. Therefore, living in the Central Anatolia region, have visited or wish to visit at least one destination and a survey was conducted on people who actively use social media. A total of 420 questionnaires were obtained. As a result of the analysis, it is seen that there are relations and effects between the sub-dimensions in the social media scale and the sub-dimensions in the scale related to destination selection. With the analysis made in the light of the data revealed by the survey application, 2 hypotheses were tested and these 2 hypotheses were accepted.

Students' Opinions on History Lessons from the 1970s to the Present

Ceren UTKUGÜNRamazan YILDIRIM — 2024-08-29

In this research, it is aimed to determine the views of people who have taken history lessons from the 1970s to the present, based on their memories. The participants of the research, which was designed in the phenomenological approach, which is one of the qualitative research methods, consisted of 28 people whose high school graduation dates were between 1970 and 2020. A semi-structured interview form was used as a data collection tool, and the data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The obtained data were solved by content analysis method. As a result of the research; While some participants stated that they like history lessons because they like history teachers, it has been determined that some participants evaluate history lessons as memorized and boring. Teachers who have strong lecture skills, who give their students a say in the lesson and who have good content knowledge, have positive opinions, while teachers who teach only with direct expression method, who are more in the mentality of an officer than a teacher, who are bored, have a harsh temperament and angry, have negative opinions. Participants aimed at effective history teaching; They made suggestions such as using technology and materials in the lesson, using teaching methods and techniques, making student-centered lessons, making historical field trips, teachers' love of their profession, students to love history and being young and dynamic.

Family and Intra-Family Relationship in Turkish Proverbs

Zeynep Esra ABAY ÇELİK — 2024-08-29

Proverbs are like a mirror of a society. They are aphorisms that carry and reflect the mentality, lifestyle, national and moral values, experiences and judgments of the society to which they belong. With their powerful expression, proverbs also help preserve society's values by transmitting cultural codes from generation to generation. In this sense, they regulate social relations by transmitting social rules. They are indicators reflecting the explicit and implicit social reality. For this reason, it arouses curiosity how the family as a social institution is represented in proverbs. In this study,how women, men, children and family, as well as roles in the family and intra-family relationship, are represented in Turkish proverbs were examined. Research is limited to nuclear family members. Based on all these points, proverbs were searched in the Turkish Language Association's web dictionary for the words mother, father and child and the words they evoke in the context of family, their role in the family and blood ties. The data obtained by document analysis method were analysed by using content analysis method in a total of 4 categories, including the representation of women, men, children and families in proverbs as well as roles in the family and intra-family relationship.

Examination of Music Educator, Composer, İlhan Baran Titled "The Three Abstract Dances"

Özlem DoğanNargiz EMİNOVA — 2024-08-29

This research was conducted on the creativity of Turkish composer İlhan Baran, who lived between 1934-2016. The research includes the analysis of the work “Three Abstract Dances” written by the composer for piano. The reason why İlhan Baran's work was chosen in the research is that it took place in the change in composition in our country in the 1960s. The composer incorporated many features of 20th century world music, combined with his own writing style and expressed it in his music. The work named "Three Abstract Dances" has been examined, since many features of performance and composition are involved in piano music (orchestral resonance, use of vocal power on the keyboard with agogic methods, use of special pedals, reflection of the singing of folk music instruments on the piano). In this study, it is aimed to analyze İlhan Baran, who has an important place in Contemporary Turkish music and music education, in terms of form, harmonic and performance characteristics of the work named "Three Abstract Dances" written for piano and composition. Thus, the work "Three Abstract Dances" will be among the works examined in terms of harmony and form in music education, and will allow educators and students to benefit. The study is important in that it allows the musicians, music educators or students who will take this piece to the piano repertoire to get to know the piece, with the example of the piece "Three Abstract Dances" for piano and the examination of Baran's composition methods. İlhan Baran, 21st century music educator and composer, who wrotes "Three Abstract Dances" for piano, as he himself stated, influenced by the art of painting. Ilhan Baran, who clearly shows his commitment to Turkish music in his works, shows this commitment with both melodic, rhythmic and harmonic infrastructure. İlhan Baran brought together national and world music by blending the features of Turkish music with 21st century composition techniques. This study, which was written to contribute to musicology and music education, is valuable in that it is among the sample work analysis. In addition to his compositions, İlhan Baran, who is a music educator, has such works that require professionalism as well as the works he wrote for piano education.

The Demographic Profiles of The Deputies of The Justice and Development Party in The Historical Process

Ender AKYOLMehmet ARI ,Mert Mahir GÖZ — 2024-08-29

The present study aimed to determine some demographic characteristics of the Justice and Development Party (JDP) deputies, who have been in power for nearly twenty years since November 2002, in the historical process. The Justice and Development Party, which came to power after winning the early elections in November 2002, managed to come to power alone in the 2007 and 2011 elections. The party could not obtain a parliamentary majority to form a government on its own in the June 2015 elections, but it was able to come back to power alone with the elections that were repeated in November 2015. The general elections, which were delayed for the first time in 16 years, were held on June 24, 2018, with the general elections for the president and the deputy. In the present study, Justice and Development Party deputies, who were elected as deputies and entered the parliament in 2002, 2007, 2011, June 2015-November 2015, and 2018 elections, were examined in terms of various demographic profiles within the framework of comparative historical analysis.

The Symbolization Process Created by the Effect of Ritual in Myths and its Reflections on Painting

Yavuz DENİZ — 2024-08-29

People has been in a struggle with nature throughout history. During this struggle, they searched for different ways to achieve their goals. The first step they took as a way of overcoming their fear or obtaining the object they desired was to know it. They depicted a predator they feared or a deer they wanted to hunt to satisfy their hunger on the cave wall with a realistic and naturalistic approach. The reason for the formation of these paintings was sometimes the effort of self-expression and sometimes the desire to obtain the power of the figure they drew. However, these pictures are for magic, not for art. It is faith that draws that picture on the wall. These expressions, which are repeated with rituals accompanied by myths, have turned into symbols of belief over time. This tendency to symbolize has spread to all areas of life over time and has become an indispensable part of life. Symbols are small building blocks that contain everything that is meant to be told. However, these building blocks have been reconsidered in today's painting art by using them as raw materials by some artists, and they have been transferred to contemporary works by preserving the dynamics existing in them. Within the scope of the research, literature reviews were conducted on the definition, birth, development and the effect of rituals on the entrance to art of living myth-based symbols. A visual examination of the works of five different artists, who renewed and repeated the myth-based symbols hidden in our cultural assets, on their canvases was made. This research, embodied in the light of the information and documents obtained, is important in terms of exemplifying the methods of making use of symbols in the formation of artwork compositions, while shedding light on the relationship between myth, rite and symbol. It is thought that the study, which is prepared with the aim of contributing to science and humanity in fields such as reading works of art, mythology, and visual arts, can be a source for new research.

Investigation of Factors Affecting Quality of Life and Participation in Leisure Activities of Caregivers with Autism Spectrum Disorder Individuals

Özlem DEMİRTAŞEren ŞAHİN ,Emrah CERİT — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the quality of life of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their participation in leisure activities. A total of 10 caregivers of 5 individuals with ASD were evaluated in the study. The data was collected at the homes of participants through face-to-face interviews and the individuals were interviewed separately to obtain the objective thoughts of the caregivers. The collected answers were divided into different themes by the researchers to reveal parental views parallel to and different from the findings in the relevant literatüre. According to the answers, the role of autism experience in the lives of parents of children with ASD is evaluated and compared with previous literature. Parents having a child with ASD were compared to parents having children with normal development in terms of the joy of life, spare time, and quality of life. The findings of the study showed that the quality of life and participation in recreational activities are low in parents having children with high ASD levels.

Examination of the Outcomes of the Curriculum for the Life Science and Social Sciences Classes from the Perspectives of History, Citizenship and Geography

Aylin YAZICIOĞLU — 2024-08-29

Curricula for Life Sciences and Social Sciences Classes are among the programs that are effective in helping students acquire basic knowledge and skills. At the same time, these programs play an active role in the regulation of students' relations with the society they live in and in the formation of the process of their adaptation to the society. Life Sciences and Social Sciences Curricula have a structure consisting of various disciplines. The fact that many disciplines create the content of these curricula is important in revealing the perspectives present in the relevant content. In this context, this study aims to examine the outcomes of the Life Sciences and Social Sciences Curricula from the perspectives of history, citizenship and geography. The method of the study was determined as document review in qualitative understanding. The study group consists of the outcomes of the Life Sciences and Social Sciences Curricula in 2018. For the analysis of the data, the descriptive analysis method was adopted. As a result of the study; it was observed that the outcomes associated with citizenship and geography were more significant when the outcomes of the 2018 Life Sciences Curriculum were examined in terms of history, citizenship and geography. When the 2018 Social Studies Curriculum is considered, however, it was observed that the outcomes related to the perspectives of history, citizenship and geography were included in the program. In the study, it can be suggested that the disciplines that make up different curricula shall be examined. Besides that, studies based on the curriculum can also be discussed within the framework of expert opinions.