Tarih Okulu Dergisi, Year 2023 Issue LXVI

The Relationship Between Teachers' Perceptions of Abusive Supervision and Stress Levels

Dönüş ŞENGÜR — 2024-08-29

The ability of the leaders to affect change is correlated with the realization of those changes within an organization. On the other hand, some organizations have corrupt leaders. In this regard, recent study has also covered the abusive supervision technique. The relationship between stress levels and teachers' perceptions of abusive supervision as well as the association between gender and professional seniority variables were looked at in this study. The relational survey model, one of the quantitative research techniques, was employed in the study to achieve this goal. 429 instructors employed during the spring term of the 2022–2023 academic year in the province of Elazig make up the study's sample. The random sampling approach was used to choose the samples. Data collection tools included the Personal Information Form, the Stress Scale, and the Abusive Supervision Scale. The study's findings demonstrate that instructors had low views of abusive supervision, moderate levels of stress, and a strong positive association between stress and perceptions of abusive supervision. However, it was shown that male instructors perceived stress and abusive monitoring to be much greater than female teachers. Finally, it was discovered that teachers with 1–10 and 11–20 years of professional experience focused on prevention–oriented abusive supervision and had significantly lower perceptions of contempt–oriented abusive supervision than teachers who had more experience than they did. It was shown that instructors with less than ten years of experience were much less stressed than those with more than twenty years.

A Historical Approach to the Concept of Security in Turkey – European Union Relations

Durmuş Ali KOLTUKSerdar SARI — 2024-08-29

With the start of the Europen Union (EU) member candidacy process, Turkey has made changes in its constitution and laws for harmonization with the EU acquis, thus, Turkey has experienced significant developments in the fields of human rights, democratization and the rule of law. In this way, Turkey both has become an attractive country in terms of foreign investments and has drawn the image of a model country in its region. On the other hand, after the Greek Cypriot Administration's membership to the EU, representing the entire island, Turkey's membership negotiations have been started to suspense. At this point, although the deficiencies in freedom and democracy in Turkey are frequently brought to the agenda by EU countries; besides the EU policies that excluding Turkey, the negative views of France, Greece and the Greek Cypriot Administration towards Turkey's EU membership are also extremely effective. These exclusionary policies only serve to deepening of the differences in the perception and definition of security in Turkey-EU relations. On the verge of a systemic transformation in which the international system stands, the EU has been defined only with soft power instruments as an actor that is far from the vision of strategic action and lacks military capacity. The fact that an inclusive and constructive diplomatic ground could not be built between Turkey and EU, which EU claims to develop a regional identity, and that relations are indexed to the national interests of the member states, is against the normative discourse and principled stance of the EU. Establishing an inclusive dialogue environment between Turkey and EU relations can minimize the differences in security definitions as well as have the potential to strengthen the EU's global position.

Evaluation of Visual Communication Design Performance of Posters Prepared Against Substance Addiction

Engin UĞURMustafa KISA — 2024-08-29

In recent years, the decrease in substance use to very young ages and the increase in the use rates have caused great concerns to families and authorities. It is of great importance to raise awareness of all segments of society about the dangers and negative consequences of drug addiction. Mass media and social platforms form the center of these studies. The poster, which is a mass communication work, is a visual communication product. With the help of posters, it has been transmitting all kinds of information quickly to the masses for many years. Although its effectiveness has decreased with the introduction of digital technologies into our lives in recent years, it is still widely used in places with high crowds. Printed poster applications have largely transformed into online social media environments. The communication performance of posters, which are mass media, is evaluated according to the subject of the message and the design structure. The message prepared by communicators who are experts in the subject is made visible by the graphic designer. The message created by taking into account the characteristics of the target audience should be prepared with design elements that can be easily perceived by the target audience. While the design ability of the graphic designer, who makes the message visible on the posters prepared with traditional methods before digital technologies, determines the performance of the poster, it determines the dominance of technology today. In the study, poster works created by domestic and foreign designers were examined. In terms of visual communication design of the posters; Performance evaluation was made by taking into account the criteria consisting of communication, technique, art, aesthetic concerns and design principles.

SECONDARY SCHOOL TURKISH EFL TEACHERS’ BELIEFS IN SELF-REGULATED LEARNING

Gülşah YILMAZ Seçil TÜMEN AKYILDIZ — 2024-08-29

Self-regulated learning (SRL) which has long been valued as an effective approach in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) is a broad term comprising both cognitive and affective components and concerning the notion of the learner-centred way of teaching. The allocation of resources towards the implementation of SRL is crucial in order to equip students with the necessary skills to cultivate a lifelong learning mindset, enabling them to effectively navigate the complexities of the 21st century and successfully address the multifaceted demands of both real-world scenarios and professional environments. Teachers play a crucial role as key stakeholders in facilitating students' learning process. It is imperative for them to recognize their influential position in fostering and cultivating SRL inside their classrooms. It is vital to comprehend the perspectives held by EFL educators in this regard. The study conducted for this aim is a descriptive research built within the survey model. The study comprised a total of 170 EFL teachers who were employed at secondary schools located in Elazığ. The findings of the research indicated that EFL instructors perceived SRL as a significant and indispensable factor for achieving academic excellence. In addition, the participants acknowledged the significant impact of the educational setting on the facilitation and cultivation of self-regulated learning. EFL instructors also acknowledged the favorable influence of collaboration on students' SRL abilities. One of the primary findings of this study is to the positive opinions held by Turkish English instructors towards SRL. Nevertheless, many educators exhibit doubt over the feasibility of incorporating SRL into secondary educational institutions, raising apprehensions about the capabilities of students. After conducting an analysis of the study's findings in relation to the demographic characteristics of the participants, it was determined that variables such as teachers' age, teaching experience, and undergraduate educational field did not demonstrate any statistically significant predictive ability with regards to their beliefs in SRL. However, a notable distinction was observed in terms of the gender variable, indicating that female participants tend to possess a higher perception of SRL. The results of this study are anticipated to provide a contribution to the current corpus of knowledge in this particular academic domain.

Byzantine Emperor Ioannes Comnenos II’ Expeditions to Antioch in the Context of Eastern Policies

Harun KORUNUR — 2024-08-29

Abstract The Byzantine Empire is important in terms of Turkish and World history. The developments in Europe after the Migration of Tribes caused the Romen Empire to split into two. In the developing process, Western Rome was destroyed. The Eastern Rome Empire, on the other hand, contiuned its existence for more than a thousand years. After the victory of Manzikert, the Byzantine Empire began to lose its dominance in Antolia and could not stop the Turkhis raids. For this reason, the Byzantine Emperors continued their struggles with aim of regaining dominance in Anatolia. Ioannes Comnenos II succeeded to sit on the Byzantine throne under difficult conditions. He struggled with the problems in the West and then turned his direction to the East. In this context, the effort of the emperor to recapture the lost lands is the subject of our research on the policies in the Cilicia, Antioch and Syria Regions. It is aimed to convey in detail the struggles of the Byzantine Emperor Ioannes Comnenos II in the context of Eastern policies ant to shed light on the history of the region. In the study, main sources and research works were used. The enthronement of the Byzantine Emperor Ioannes Comnenos II, his dominance in the Cilicia region, the Antioch Campaigns and his struggles with the Muslims are covered. Finally, the subject was ended with the death of Ioannes Comnenos II.

A Stylistic Transformation from Words to Colored Glass: Arzu with Kamber

Hasan KIZILDAĞ — 2024-08-29

The whole set of abstract and concrete elements created consciously or unconsciously by people within the historical scene constitutes folk culture. While folk culture includes all the characteristics of the society in which it emerged, it also shows a tendency to differentiate by developing and transforming in the face of time changes. Oral culture products are among the most essential elements of folk culture. The aspects of oral culture, which enable the transfer of cultural codes to the next generations, also contain collective memory and imagination. Narratives that emerge through oral culture change over time and continue their life by incorporating new elements. Thfeaturests of oral culture, which meet with writing thanks to technical/technological possibilities, undergo further changes with radio, cinema, television, and the internet in the information age. With these changes, the oral becomes visual. While the elements of oral culture are reconstructed based on visuality, their underlying style and signs are replaced by the type of reconstructors. Each adaptation or transformation means a new style. In this way, hundreds of years old narratives take on new forms by being kneaded with the tyles of scrtypesters, directors, and even actors. This study will examine how the story of Arzu and Kamber found its place on the silver screen, what kind of stylistic and indicative changes screenwriters and directors subjected to it, and how a folk tale became a source for cinema.

Determination of Creative Personality Characteristics of Individuals Working in Creative Industries: The Example of Advertising and Marketing Industry

Işıl KIROĞLU ARSLAN — 2024-08-29

Creativity, which is the most required and inimitable personal characteristics in the personality structure of the information society, is also among the priorities of business organizations. The discovery of personality characteristics, which are precursors to the emergence of creative talent, has been the common subject of many studies in different disciplines, especially in Psychology and Behavioral Sciences. Creative business lines, which have come to the fore in international economic reports in recent years, constitute an ideal field for research on the subject. In this direction, the aim of this study is to determine the individual creativity levels and creative personality characteristics of individuals working in the Turkish advertising and marketing industry as a representation of the creative industries and to determine the relationship between them. The employees of the first 50 of the 100 agencies in the list of the Biggest Advertising Agencies of 2015 prepared by Mediacat constitute the population of the research and 340 people among them constitute the sample. The data collected by the online survey method was analyzed with the SPSS 26.0 package program. According to the results of the research, a positive relationship was determined between creative thinking and “being able to start things by oneself, being confident, having high imagination, being courageous, wanting to be good from others, breaking the rules, telling the truth absolutely, preferring challenging tasks, being energetic, taking risks, being talented, producing quick solutions and being different from others” characteristics, and these characteristics were accepted as the antecedents that guide creative talent in the creative industries in Turkey.

12. Classroom Hıstory Of The Revolutıon Of The Republıc Of Turkey And Ataturkısm Image Of The Women In Textbooks

Kamuran ÖZDEMİR — 2024-08-29

The issue of the image has been the subject of research in history teaching and textbooks, and many studies have been conducted on the image of women in this context. The aim of this study is to investigate the 12th class, in which there are more intensive topics where the change in social life is quite rapid. The aim of the class is to draw attention to the images of women in the textbooks of the Republic of Turkey and the History of the Revolution and Ataturkism and to create examples for the studies to be carried out on the image of women in history textbooks. In this study, 12. The class will question the existence and image of women in textbooks on the History of the Revolution of the Republic of Turkey and Ataturkism. The image of women given to students who will finish formal education and embark on life after this period is important in terms of shaping society. This study was carried out with the screening model, 12. The classroom is descriptive research aimed at revealing the Image of Women in Textbooks on the History of the Revolution of the Republic of Turkey and Ataturkism. The study’s data collection of data in the study was carried out by following the stages of the document review method. T.C. Women appear very little in the curriculum and textbook of Revolution History and Ataturkism. There were no signs of a woman in the unit titles. The image of a woman has been included in the concept of family. Turkish women's sacrifice and warrior aspect were emphasized during the National Struggle. Along with the Republic, the discourse that Turkish women have achieved equality along with the education, law, social life, and political rights they have achieved has been brought to the fore. Both I. and II. The images of women and women's new social roles, which began to become visible in society during the World Wars and during the reconstruction of the world, have been tried to be exemplified in the textbook. Women are most affected by the problems of the globalized world. At the same time, the image of the victimized woman also comes to the fore. When textbooks are being prepared, the image of a woman who exemplifies every part of society should be included in the books.

Service Learning Based Museum Education

Kudret AYKIRI — 2024-08-29

There are many studies on museum education in the related literature. One of the fields of study related to this subject is the teaching approaches, methods, and techniques used for meaningful museum education experiences. Service learning (SL) is also a teaching approach, and there are few studies in the foreign literature in which the relationship between this learning method and museum education is established, but such a study has not been found in the domestic literature. In this study, it was aimed to systematically review the literature on service learning based museum education. In this context, systematic review method was used. Since there are few studies in the related literature, all studies at the type of articles, papers, thesis and book chapters were examined. Descriptive analysis technique was used. The results of the research are as follows: There are 27 examples of SL based museum education. Examples include engineering, science museums and higher education students. The examples contain information for each stage of the SL. However, there is not enough information about the research phase and the sharing/celebration phase. The advantages of SL based museum education and the gains in this context are many. However, there are many disadvantages and difficulties experienced in this context. There are examples/suggestions in the studies aimed at solving these problems. In the context of all these results, suggestions were presented to the practitioners of SL based museum education and to researchers who conduct scientific studies in this field.

Solid Waste Management and Development in Local Governments: Overview of Turkey with a General Framework

Nazlı ÖZCAN SARIHANErkan ÇAKIR — 2024-08-29

In recent years, it has been observed that the ecological balance has deteriorated due to the rapid increase in the pressure on natural resources with urbanization, rapid population growth and industrialization. The rude and wasteful use of natural resources by human beings, the view that social welfare can only be achieved through consumption, urbanization and increases in income levels, and changes in consumption habits have led to the emergence of urban wastes. It is seen that the increase in consumption habits basically reveals two important problems. The first of these is the pressure on natural resources due to the increase in consumption, and the other is the problem of disposal of waste after consumption. There is a need for Integrated Solid Waste Management to prevent the emergence of urban solid wastes and to transform these wastes from being an item to be disposed of into an economic value and most importantly to be disposed of in a healthy way. In this study, solid waste management and in this context, waste management hierarchy are explained, and information about the level of solid waste management in Turkey in the light of data and what the duties and responsibilities of local governments are in this process are tried to be given. Although this process is being managed in a healthier way day by day in Turkey, it has been concluded that some waste management strategies are not used efficiently.

A Study within the Framework of the Concepts “Foreign Language Creation” and “Textless Back Translation”

Nilüfer ALİMEN — 2024-08-29

This article aims to analyse the translated memoir, entitled “Yunanistan’daki Esir Yaşamın Kötü Hatıraları”, in Dilek Doltaş’s (2019) book, Esaret Yılları (1920-1923), within the framework of Hongyin Wang's concepts of “foreign language creation” and “textless back translation”, suggested by Wang in 2009 for the first time. The translated text was written by a Turkish military officer, Ahmet Mithat Aksüğür (Ahmed Mithad), in French: “De mauvais souvenirs de la vie captive en Grèce”. Ahmed Mithad stated that since he wanted to tell Westerners about his experiences with Westerners as a captive Turk, he wrote the memoir in French. The text was translated into Turkish by Ayşe Banu Karadağ; however, it has been emphasized in the book that Doltaş, as the book’s author, “made occasional changes in the distribution of in-text material and the use of language” (2019, p. 96). In fact, this text could be regarded as a back-translation of a text which had been translated from Turkish to French, rather than being from French into Turkish. Therefore, this article examines the French source text within the framework of Wang's concept of “foreign language creation” as a translation whilst the Turkish target text is analysed within Wang's concept of “textless back translation” as a return to its own cultural origin. These concepts will be taken as a basis for the descriptive analysis of the decisions taken by Ahmed Mithad and Karadağ as the translators and Doltaş as the editor within the context of footnotes as paratextual elements. In the descriptive analysis, the whys and hows of the translator/editor behavior will be explained within the context of the ideology of the era in which the memoir was written, the text genre, and the author/translator/editor authority.

Class Teachers' Support Educatıonal Needs Awareness Scale: A Valıdıty Relıabılıty Study

Nurhüda SÖZEN — 2024-08-29

It is important to plan trainings that include current educational approaches in order to enable teachers to work effectively and satisfactorily in their continuous professional development. In this research, it is aimed to develop the awareness scale of the awareness Support Education Requirements of Classroom Teachers. This study is valuable in terms of helping to meet the support education demands of our classroom teachers if the data obtained are taken into account. Within the scope of the research, first of all, the literature was scanned and after the expert opinion was taken, the draft scale form of 50 items, rated as a 5-point Likert, was sent to the classroom teachers via e-mail. 840 classroom teachers participated in the research. Data were collected using google forms between 27.04.2023 and 17.05.2023. Data analysis was provided using SPSS 25 and AMOS 24 programs. A four-dimensional structure that explains 69.65% of the variance was obtained by performing exploratory factor analysis. In the context of goodness of fit values, it was concluded that the four-dimensional structure was confirmed as a model by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. While the reliability coefficient for the whole scale was determined as .94, the reliability indices of each factor were; .90 for global issues factor, .92 for project and rights factor, .81 for technology factor and .92 for current approaches factor. Therefore, it was concluded that the developed scale was reliable.

The Investigation of School Principals' Management Styles and Approaches to Overcoming Resistance to Change

Serdar SAFALIŞevin TAŞ GÜL — 2024-08-29

One of the fundamental factors determining the future of a society is schools. In this context, schools where education is put into practice hold great importance. Principals, who are the cornerstone of schools, not only shape the school climate but also take on active roles as representatives of educational administration in schools. The purpose of the research is to examine principals' managerial effectiveness and their approaches to overcoming resistance to change from the perspective of teachers. This study utilizes a quantitative research design in the form of a descriptive survey. The scope of the study includes a total of 6,987 teachers working in preschools, primary schools, middle schools, and high schools within the Ağrı province between the years 2022-2023. The sample consists of 364 teachers, selected according to the principle of maximum diversity to reflect various aspects of the population. As data collection instruments, the "Personal Information Form," the "School Principals' Management Styles Scale," and the "Approaches of School Principals in Overcoming Resistance to Change Scale" were employed. According to the findings obtained, teachers with less tenure in schools indicated that principals exhibited more democratic management styles. Furthermore, the opinions of teachers working in preschools regarding their principals displaying indifferent management are observed to be higher compared to teachers in other types of schools. It has been revealed that principals' participation and educational approaches are higher among teachers with undergraduate degrees. Teachers with longer years of experience in the teaching profession indicated that principals' approaches to overcoming resistance to change are at a lower level. Teachers working in high schools stated that school principals in high schools are more prone to using pressure and coercion approaches to overcome resistance to change.

Analysis of Academic Studies Related to the Trumpet in Turkey by Bibliographic Method

Serkan DEMİRELAhmet Mutlu TERZİOĞLU — 2024-08-29

The trumpet, which has various uses from classical music to jazz music, from popular music to military fields, has gone through different stages until it gained its modern form used today. One of the biggest reasons for being such a popular instrument is the trumpet, which has timbre features and continues to be one of the essential instruments in orchestras. The research aims to examine the general orientation of academic studies on the trumpet, a popular instrument. In this context, the YÖK thesis center was scanned, and it was seen that 24 researches on trumpet between 1992-2022 were uploaded to the database. On the other hand, it was seen that the theses on the trumpet examined were open-access in 2006 and later. For this reason, he created a sample of 20 trumpet theses. In the research, the data collected through the literature review were analyzed by the content analysis method. The theses examined were analyzed according to their years, universities, institutes, branches of science, type of thesis, subjects, methods, sampling, data collection methods, data analysis methods, and the general situation in these studies were described. It has been determined that there are methodological problems in the theses examined. As a result of the research, it was determined that the theses examined were mainly studied at the graduate level. It is recommended to encourage academicians and students to increase doctorate-level studies in the field of the trumpet.

Women’s Image in Iran’s 3rd- Grade Social Studies Textbook

Yakup SUBAŞI — 2024-08-29

Education is the best field to understand the human profile which the official ideology of a state aims to shape. Textbooks among other educational materials have a potential critical role for the socialization of children. Textbooks enable official ideologies to be examined in a solid and large context. Social Studies textbooks are one of the most important textbooks with the potential and possible critical role. Because they are determinants of identity and character owing to their content. This study aims to exhibit how women’s image is stated in pictures in social studies textbooks of Iran. In line with this aim, Iran’s 3rd-grade social studies textbook for the 2022-2023 academic year is examined with document analysis among qualitative research techniques. Pictures in Iran’s 3rd-grade social studies textbook are examined with content analysis. Evidence of this study is listed under 5 titles. It was conducted that in Iran’s 3rd-grade social studies textbook, women’s image is presented analogous with traditional social gender roles. It is determined that in the pictures in the book, both little girls and grown women are presented parallel with this. It was conducted from this research that there is some progress in favor of women, albeit very little, compared to previous research on Iran's textbooks.

Framİng Analysis of "Covid-19 Intensive Care Units Public Service Announcements" in The Context of Attribution of Responsibility

Zeynep EKİN BAL — 2024-08-29

In the context of crisis communication and management, television is one of the first tools that are used on a mass scale and convey information to the public quickly. In addition to current news, informative television programs and broadcasts are of great importance in crisis communication and management. Public service announcements (PSAs) broadcast on television can effectively transform the thoughts and behaviors of the public in times of crisis and convey messages that will enable them to be prepared for risks and to get rid of the negative consequences of these risks with the least damage by performing conscious and responsible behaviors. After the Covid-19 pandemic was announced to the public in Turkey, the Ministry of Health also carried out efforts on crisis communication. It has made promotional, informative and cautionary announcements for various media. This study analyzes how the "COVID-19 Intensive Care Units Public Service Announcements" among the different themed public service announcements prepared by the Ministry of Health for television broadcasting organizations are framed in the context of attribution of responsibility. As a result of the research, it was determined that in the public spots included in the relevant theme, the responsibility was clearly attributed to the actions of individuals, and there was no attribution or assumption of responsibility on an institutional level.

A Comparative Look At Syrian and Ukrainian Migrants: The Example Of Twitter

Fahrünnisa KAZANSevtap PİRÇEK — 2024-08-29

The story of migrations and immigrants is rewritten as long as human beings exist. Although the reasons for migration vary, the mass migrations experienced in the recent period are often forced migrations due to internal disturbances. The crises experienced by the countries experiencing internal turmoil turned into mass migrations and as a result, a wave of panic spread to the world. Syria and Ukraine are the most recent examples of this situation. Türkiye, on the other hand, is an important transit point due to its geopolitical location. This situation draws attention not only as a subject of news bulletins and political agenda, but also as an important phenomenon that needs to be investigated in the field of social sciences. The aim of this study is to comparatively examine the images of these mass migrations reflected on social media. In the study, the approach to Syrian and Ukrainian immigrants in Turkey was examined through Twitter shares. The Syrian civil war that started in 2011 caused many Syrians to migrate to Turkey. With current figures, more than 3.5 million Syrian immigrants live in Turkey. The transformation of the Donbas Crisis into a war between Ukraine and Russia in 2022 caused a second wave of migration to Turkey, this time from Europe. While the migrations towards our country were watched with concern on the one hand, two different images of immigrants began to be squared on the other hand. Within the scope of the study, various social media tags were determined and scanned accordingly. The obtained findings were analyzed by discourse analysis. In the available data, contents such as “Eastern-Western”, “us-not from us”, “civilized-bedouin” are encountered, as well as a language that raises the total anti-immigrant discourse.

Bibliometric Analysis of Graduate Thesis Published in Turkey on Participation Banking

Nermin Ceren TÜRKMENMeltem ÜÇAY — 2024-08-29

When the phenomenon of Islamic banking is considered historically, it is possible to state that modern applications began with the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) establishment in 1975. The history of Private Finance Institutions, which was renamed as "Participation Bank" according to the legislative change in 2005, goes back to 1985 in Turkiye. It is important from a macroeconomic perspective that it brings the idle liquidity, which is kept under the pillow by economic units with high structural and operational sensitivity to interest, to the economy. Considering the contribution of participation banking to the economic growth, employment and exports of countries, the benefits of studies in this field become undeniable. This study aims to present the overall framework of the subject area by analyzing the postgraduate theses determined in the database of YOK National Thesis Center in the field of participation banking according to their quantitative values. In this context, 457 postgraduate theses obtained from the relevant database are analyzed by taking into account the publication year, the university, institute, department they were prepared in, the authors’ gender, the type of the thesis, the language, keywords and advisor information. It has been noted that the theses written in the area of participation banking in Turkey are interdisciplinary and their number is increasing.

An Investigation of the Dimensions of Peer Victimization in Pre-Adolescents by Experience of Violence

Öner ÇELİKKALELİSelim TAŞ — 2024-08-29

The first aim of this study is to determine the bullying status of pre-adolescents. Secondly, it is to examine by comparing the dimensions of peer bullying (victim/bully) according to gender and violence experiences (exposure to violence and being the perpetrator of violence). Within the framework of these purposes, data were collected from a total of 314 pre-adolescent secondary school students, 158 boys and 156 girls, with an average age of 13.28 years. “Peer Bullying Scale-Child Form” and “Violent Experience Information Form” were used as data collection tools. According to the findings obtained as a result of the research, 52.5% of the pre-adolescents are "Neither Victim nor Bully", 9.2% "Bully", 8.9% "Victim" and 29.3% "Both Bully and Victim". they have received. However, no significant difference was obtained in the dimensions of peer bullying according to the genders of pre-adolescents. On the other hand, the mean scores of peer bullying dimensions (bully/victim) of pre-adolescents who stated that they were victims of violence "at home", "at school", "on the street" and "on TV and/or computer" were higher than children who stated that they were not exposed to violence. high was obtained. In addition, the peer bullying dimensions (bully/victim) scores of children who perpetrated violence against “other children” and “environment/objects” were higher than the children who stated that they were not the perpetrators of such violence. On the other hand, the mean scores of peer bullying dimensions (bully/victim) of children who state that they use “violence against animals” do not differ significantly from the scores of children who state that they are not the perpetrators of such violence. The findings were discussed and interpreted in the light of the relevant literature.

Problems Faced in Foreign Language Teaching According to Teachers' Opinions and Solution Proposals

Hüseyin EFE — 2024-08-29

In this study which aims to learn the problems that foreign language teachers encounter while teaching language and the solution proposals offered by them directly involved in these problems, the case study pattern which is one of the qualitative research methods was used. In the research, in-depth interview technique was applied by using the maximum diversity sampling method. The study group of the research consists of twelve teachers, seven women and five men, who teach foreign language courses at primary, secondary and high schools in Artvin. Eight of the teachers teach English, three German and one Russian. The research was carried out through a semi-structured interview form. Interview data were collected by the method of "in-depth interview", so that detailed information about the research topic was tried to be obtained and the collected information was reported within the framework of qualitative research principles. The interview records made in the research were analyzed by the researchers and converted into interview texts in the computer environment. All of the participants participating in the research think that the foreign language teaching program is insufficient; some of them do not include the acquisitions that will provide the basic four language skills, and some of them think that the curriculum is artificial and far from reality, which is not suitable for today's conditions. All the teachers think that there is a mistake in the language teaching method. Teachers offer solution proposals they experience as: curriculum update, materials for the five senses, developing practical course tools, combining language with cultural elements, increasing lecture hours, providing native speaker opportunities, current materials, reducing large classes, creating an environment to interact with the language, and equality of opportunity.

Opinions of Special Education Teachers on the Use of Self-Management in the Classroom

Akın GÖNENYahya ÇIKILI — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to examine the use of self-management in the classrooms of special education teachers working in special education schools. The research was designed with the semi-structured interview method, which is one of the qualitative research methods. It was provided with the voluntary participation of 13 special education teachers working in special education schools as a working group. The data obtained from the teachers were analyzed through descriptive analysis. According to the results of the research, teachers can make a basic explanation about evidence-based practice. It was determined that while expressing applied behavior analysis most frequently, self-management practice was not mentioned. Self-management is defined as directing or controlling one's own behavior. Many of the participants stated that they did not use the application in their classes, and those who preferred it stated that it contributed to student development. In addition, the participants requested training and personnel support on self-management. While mentioning the benefits to students and teachers, it has been suggested that training programs should be provided, and training programs should be prepared that will provide professional development. The participants reported that the independent behaviors of the students were improved in the teaching they followed and that they wanted to use them in the future.

An Analysis of Kemal Bekir's Novel Yabancılar through a Text-Centered Approach

Ayşe ÇAMKARA ERGİNER — 2024-08-29

In this study, the first novel published by Kemal Bekir (1924-2014), who was primarily recognized for his contributions to the field of theater but later solidified his identity as a writer with his short stories starting from 1946 and subsequently with his novels, is examined through a text-centered perspective. It is noteworthy that, up to this point, no academic research has been conducted on Kemal Bekir's Yabancılar novel. Therefore, this study aims to emphasize Kemal Bekir's role as a literary figure, pave the way for future research on his works, and contribute to Turkish literary studies. According to the analysis conducted, Yabancılar is a novel structured around the conflict that develops between Dortoğlu Mehmet, a wealthy townsperson, and Saadet, the young daughter of the tax collector Sıtkı, due to Dortoğlu Mehmet's desire to marry her. The study focuses on the ways in which events, situations, and characters are constructed in the novel and identifies a critique of the petite bourgeoisie class within its narrative. It is demonstrated that this critique is initially conveyed through the negative portrayal of Dortoğlu and those around him, who serve as representatives of the petite bourgeoisie. Furthermore, it is argued that the tensions between Dortoğlu and Sıtkı, fueled by rumors, can be seen as a critique of the "townsmen" and their worldviews, thereby contributing to the aforementioned class critique. The tragic portrayal of the locksmith Şükrü's suicide as a narrative element, which occurs after he learns of Dortoğlu's desire to marry Saadet and believes he

ETHICAL CODES OF THE OTTOMAN BUSINESS SYSTEM: THE VALUES OF AKHISM ,

Ayşe Elif ŞENGÜNÖmer Faruk ALADAĞ — 2024-08-29

This study aims to define the values of Akhism that also constitute the ethical codes of the Ottoman business system. Despite the existence of a large literature on Akhism, there is a lack of studies which clearly outline the ethical codes of business during the Ottoman era. The study utilizes various kinds of historical documents to examine the values of Akhi organizations. The study first distincts Akhi groups from professional guilds. Second, it describes the characteristics and values of futuwwa groups as the origin of Akhi organizations. Then the memories of Ibn Battuta are observed in order to see vivid demonstrations of the Akhi culture. Lastly, the study examines the work principles of Ottoman professional guilds which emerged in the 15th century after the decline of Akhi organizations. Our analysis results in a list of Akhi values and their explanations expressed in a table form. In our analysis, we make use of literary works and historical documents relating to guild life. At the end of the study, we discuss the implications of our findings for future research.

The Relationship Between Talent Management And Career Planning: The Case Of Elazığ

Emirhan YETİŞ Erol AÇIK — 2024-08-29

In today's business world, it has been realized that qualified human resources are the key factors for organizations to survive and compete. For this reason, institutions have focused on talent management and career planning practices in order to ensure the continuity of qualified human resources and to get the highest efficiency from these employees. Talent management refers to the processes and activities used to identify and develop a talent pool to fill key positions that contribute disproportionately to sustainable corporate success. The way to make the most efficient use of human resources in organizations is to analyze talent and create a career plan for the employee. This career plan to be made should highlight the talent of the employee in line with the goals of the organization. The aim of this research is to measure the relationship between talent management and career planning of teachers working in private and public schools in Elazig. For this purpose, it was carried out on 261 teachers working in schools affiliated to the Elazig Provincial Directorate of National Education. Quantitative research methods were used as a method in this study. The data obtained as a result of the application were analyzed with the SPSS package program. In the quantitative research, the relationship between the concepts of talent management and career planning has been examined. According to the analysis of the data obtained as a result of the research; It has been determined that there is a positive relationship between teachers' talent management and their career planning preferences.

Applicability of Without Walls Education in Art Education

Eren LEHİMLER;Emine BALCI — 2024-08-29

Art education is a type of education that allows students to express themselves in a creative context and educates people with the ability to do new things. In this context, students can only actively construct knowledge and transfer it to new situations thanks to the paradigm of learning by doing and experiencing. Art education is given to students within the scope of two basic areas, Music Course and Visual Arts Course. In this research, the course covers the process of random experiences, which are carried out outside the classroom, in natural environments, with the OE (Outdoor Education) approach. In the research that will be studied with a qualitative research design; The data to be collected through documents, observations and interviews were carried out with 23 students, 8 of whom were focal points, studying at a public primary school in Alanya in the spring semester of the 2022-2023 academic year. The data collected in the 6-week study were interpreted by associating with the literature with content analysis, and as a result, it was concluded that the application of OE in music and visual arts courses were positive. The lessons taught with OE contribute to the development of students.

The Effect of Nature-Based Environmental Activities on Children's Affinity Towards Nature

Feyza UÇAR ÇABUKSeda ESKİDEMİR MERAL , — 2024-08-29

Children's first experiences with nature are of great importance in establishing a lifelong bond with nature, protecting and recognizing nature. This study, which was conducted to investigate the effect of nature-based environmental activities on children's affinity towards nature, was carried out in a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control group. The study group of the research consisted of a total of 40 children, 18 children in the control group and 22 children in the experimental group, attending two different classes of a preschool education institution in Muratpaşa district of Antalya province, who had not participated in any education program related to nature and environment before. The data of the study were collected through “Personal Information Form” and “Biophilia Scale for Children”. As a result of the study, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the children in the experimental group and that the post-test scores of the children in the experimental group were higher than the pre-test scores. It was seen that the item that all of the children participating in the study had the most biophobic preference was “jumping in a puddle”. As a result, nature-based environmental activities were effective in increasing children's affinity towards nature.

Alienating Race: Examining Project-Based Practices in Schools through Marx's Concept of Alienation

Ersin YAĞANFatih BAYDAR — 2024-08-29

The study, which aims to examine how teachers evaluate project-based practices, which have increased in number in schools recently, on the basis of Marx's concept of Alienation, was designed with a phenomenology pattern, one of the qualitative research methods. Data was collected through a face-to-face interview form developed by the researchers with 20 teachers working in public schools at different levels (primary school, secondary school, high school) in Tuzla District of Istanbul Province. The data obtained was subjected to content analysis. In line with the results obtained, it is seen that the four basic dimensions of alienation proposed by Marx, namely "alienation to the products of one's own activity, alienation to the process of productive activity, alienation to one's own essential nature, humanity, and alienation to other people", are perceived by teachers in schools. It is understood that project-based practices implemented in schools deepen alienation.

The Opinions of Science Teachers on Distance Education during the COVİD-19 Pandemic

ŞEFİK KARTALİlknur SERİN ,Şefik KARTAL — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this study is to examine in depth the opinions of secondary school science teachers about what happened in distance education during the Covid-19 pandemic. In this study, case study design, one of the qualitative research designs, was used. In order to collect research data, an open-ended written questionnaire form was sent to teachers via the Internet. The study group of the research consisted of 29 teachers working in different schools. Content analysis was used in the analysis of the data. As examples of teachers’ positive experiences; they expressed that they learned how to use educational technologies and educational applications such as Zoom and EBA. Teachers stated that they had negative experiences such as low student participation in the classes, the Internet problems, low motivation of students and difficulty of practical teaching. In order for the distance education process to be efficient, it is recommended to eliminate the Internet problem, provide equal opportunities to students and provide in-service training to teachers, parents and students regarding the distance education process.

Changıng Parentıng: Lıcensıng Parents In The Case Of Parent Schools As A Formal Structure

Işılay GÖKTÜRK — 2024-08-29

Parenting is a form of social role. Parenthood has entered a process of structural change from past to present, especially today, where social change is rapid and a determining factor in every field. When the child factor, child rearing styles/styles and family institution, and the changing structure of the family institution are added to this change process, it is necessary to address parenthood, which is a social role form. This perspective has been opened to discussion in various fields through parenting, which is a conceptual framework of parenting. The fact that parenting styles have become a topic of discussion and research in almost every field of social sciences is remarkable in terms of the acceleration of change. This study, on the other hand, will focus on a bond that will be established through the role of parenting in social practices in terms of institutionalization and formalization, with a perspective that parenting debates operate in the background. Parenthood plays a very important role in the transfer of cultural structure and tradition to generations. It is possible to state that the function of the transfer of culture is a structural form shaped around the family and family members, and that this form is a process based on spontaneity reflected in the cultural practices of daily life. However, today it can be stated that different forms of institutionalization and formalization are included in this transfer. Parent schools within the framework of adult education are positioned as both the result and source of this relationality. It is seen that parenthood, which functions spontaneously, naturally and with its internalized structural form, together with such institutional structures, is included in the certification or licensing processes within the formal education system. This study aims to open parent education and parent schools, which are a structure in which parenting is formalized and included in institutional education processes, for discussion. In this discussion, the history of parenting schools and today's examples will be discussed as a form in which social patterns of parenting are formalized, institutionalized and licensed.

Demand for Saltpeter from the Middle East in the Second Half of the 16th Century According to Mühimme Notebooks

Mehtap ÇELİK — 2024-08-29

In this study, it is aimed to contribute to the existing knowledge by presenting the stage of saltpeter, which is an important raw material of firearms, from its production to being usable with a micro-level example. In this context, the production of gunpowder in the Ottoman state and the operation of saltpeter production, which is one of the most important raw materials of this production, and the problems encountered in this process were examined through the saltpeter and gunpowder production centers located in the Middle East lands of the state. The fact that gunpowder was used in wars made saltpeter valuable in the war industry, and states always needed firearms and cannons to compete with each other. For this reason, the whole organization from the supply of saltpeter to powder was carried out by the Empire. As a matter of fact, both the European states and the Ottoman Empire were organized for war in the early classical period. The Ottoman Empire is also known to be at a level that can compete with European states. The main source of our work on the supply of saltpeter, which is an important war material, was the "Mühimme Notebooks", which were the source of much research belonging to the classical period, and in this context, according to the data extracted from the aforementioned notebooks, it was determined that, in the 16th century, the Government needed saltpeter and gunpowder extracted from the lands of the Middle East in its struggles against the Habsburgs in the west, the Safavid state in the east, and the Venetian and their Holy Alliance in the Mediterranean and Indian Seas.

The Effect of Migration on Social Values According to Teachers' Opinions

Özcan EKİCİAbdulmelik DOĞAN ,Seyid BAKIR — 2024-08-29

People have always had to leave their place of residence for a wide variety of reasons. The departure of people from the place where they live for cultural, political, social and economic reasons is expressed with the concept of migration. In the historical process, great migration events have been encountered in different parts of the world. Today, immigration events have increased even more and people have started to migrate in order to reach a good standard of living and find a job. In addition, today's wars have also affected many other countries and societies have faced great migration waves. These migrations not only affected the individual himself, but also affected the society and the destination. Due to the different cultural characteristics of immigrant individuals, they have led to changes in both individual and social value understanding in the places they go. If this change in the individual and society negatively affects the values adopted, social problems may arise. For this reason, the main purpose of the research is to determine the "effect of migration on social values" within the framework of the views of Social Studies teachers. For this purpose, the research was carried out in accordance with basic qualitative research. 20 Social Studies teachers working in secondary schools in Diyarbakır city center participated in the research in the 2022-2023 academic year. Social Studies teachers were determined as participants by the purposeful criterion sampling method in the study group of this research. In the study, a semi-structured interview form consisting of open-ended questions developed by the researchers by seeking expert opinion was used as a data collection tool. As a result of the interview, it has been concluded that the value perceptions of the newly arrived individuals have changed with migration, and there has been a change in the value perceptions of individuals (identity crisis, loneliness, lack of belonging, insecurity, value conflict, dishonesty, independent and free thinking) with migration.

Glocalizing Patterns in Coca-Cola Ads

Recep BAYRAKTAR — 2024-08-29

In addition to ensuring the spread of similar consumption products, standardization that emerge with mass production also enabled to be promoted products with similar advertising messages. Standardization in terms of production and advertising gains some advantages, but challenges to reach all consumers with one strategy and purpose of attaining potential consumers for global companies caused consideration cultural elements of countries that be conducted activity. This is localization strategy. The products are developed to expactations of local with localization strategy, and are advetised accordingly. In addition to standardization and localization strategy, glocalization phenomen that sign operations situated in varios local cultures/thinking global, acting local, emerged as a different strategy. In current study, within the framework of glocalization strategy that integrates standardization and localization, that contains global and local, Coca-Cola ads examined with content analysis method. Coca-Cola has a standardized taste as globally but is intertwined with local-cultural structures in many country. In this context, ads that contains local-cultural elements that used by Coca-Cola are selected by purposive sampling form official Coca-Cola YouTube channel. In these ads, it was found that Coca-Cola used religious and cultural elements of local in ads in varios countries.

Metaverse Applications in Television Broadcasting: First Examples from the World and Türkiye

Şadiye KOTANLI KIZILOĞLUSibel AK — 2024-08-29

With the rapidly developing technology, the screen and broadcast industry continues to be renewed, developed and changed. Among these innovations, technologies such as Metaverse and Web 3.0 have begun to offer new ways of content distribution apart from traditional publishing. With the elimination of intermediaries, it has become possible for content creators to reach their target audiences in a more free and flexible environment. With the emergence of the metadata base with technologies such as Blockchain, Web 3.0, screen and broadcast technology has different experiences in an effort to adapt to this change. The aim of this study is to deal with the changes in broadcasting in the context of Metaverse and to examine the first trials on television broadcasting. In the study, the first Metaverse television broadcasts in the world and in Turkey were examined by using the document analysis method. As a result of the research, it was seen that most of the first examples of television broadcasting with Metaverse were given in 2022.As for the examples in Turkey, it was determined that the national channels were connected to Metaverse in a limited time in a television program, and no broadcast information could be found apart from the first examples about Metaverse.In the world, the competition program with avatars did not receive the expected attention, and the ratings could not reach the desired level.As a result, it has been concluded that television broadcasting with Metaverse is at the beginning stage both in the world and in Turkey. Keywords: Television, Broadcasting, Metaverse, Web Publishing

WHY GEOGRAPHY MATTERS? UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN URBAN CONTEXT WITH ITS LOCAL AND GLOBAL FEATURES

Şeyma KARAMEŞE — 2024-08-29

This paper mainly examines the meaning of social movements in the urban contexts from a social geographical standpoint, focusing on Cochabamba, Bolivia as a case study. The Bolivian water war and social uprising against global and local privatization actors demonstrated that, contrary to modernization assumptions and developmental perspectives, "underdeveloped" countries resist political agendas imposed on them. This means that the patterns of globalization movements are directed by the needs and expectations of each country. In this regard, social movements are a synthesis of local and global dynamics that should be studied using a multilevel approach. All of these intertwined relationships can only be understood from a social geographical standpoint that emphasizes the importance of space. This is due to the fact that urban space is more than just homogeneous interactions, a national context, and a regional structure. The interdependence of flows and regional powers shapes the path of social movements.

Analysis of Sevgi Soysal's Novel Named Şafak in Terms of Genetic Structural Understanding

Tahsin YAPRAK — 2024-08-29

Sociology of literature is a branch of science that examines both the social impact of a work and the effects of an artist/work on society. Lucien Goldmann, known for his studies in this field, made inferences about this interaction specifically for the novel in his work titled Novel Sociology. According to him, the internal structure of the novel bears the traces of the worldview that dominates the novel. Looking only at the internal structure of the novel causes the social impact in the novel to be overlooked, and looking only at the social impact affecting the novel causes the literary aspect of the work to be missed. For this reason, Goldmann thought that novels should be analyzed from two separate perspectives, which he called “understanding” and “explanation”. Goldmann called this reading method the “Genetic Structuralist” method. In this study, Sevgi Soysal's novel Şafak will be analyzed in terms of this understanding. For this purpose, in the “understanding” phase, the elements that make up the internal structure of the novel will be revealed with an objective view, by eliminating unnecessary details. In the “Explanation” phase, determinations will be made about the worldview that appears in the novel. Şafak, which will be examined with this reading method, is a novel inspired by a real event that Sevgi Soysal experienced during her exile in Adana. In his novel, Soysal discusses the social fabric of Adana, the situations people face in the face of power, and the importance of adhering to the law, through the police raid on the house where he was a guest for the evening.

The Relationship Between Turkish Teacher Candidates’ Speaking Self-Efficacy and Speaking Anxiety

Zeynep CİN ŞEKERDerya YÜCEL ÇETİN — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between Turkish teacher candidates' speaking self-efficacy and speaking anxiety and to determine whether this relationship differs according to university, gender, taking the Speech Education course and speaking in public. The study was structured in the relational survey model, one of the quantitative research approaches. Data on Turkish teacher candidates' speaking self-efficacy were collected using the 'Speaking Self-Efficacy Scale for Pre-service Teachers' developed by Katrancı and Melanlıoğlu (2013), and the data on speaking anxiety was collected using the 'Speech Anxiety Scale for Pre-service Teachers' developed by Kinay and Özkan (2014). Findings related to the sub-problems were first subjected to normality tests in the SPSS 24 program and then analyzed by looking at the t-test for independent samples, one-way analysis of variance, and pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient. Based on the findings, it was found that Turkish teacher candidates' speaking anxiety and self-efficacy did not differ significantly according to gender; It differs significantly according to the university they are studying, speaking in front of the public and taking the Speaking Education course; It was concluded that there is a negative significant relationship between Turkish teacher candidates' speaking self-efficacy and speaking anxiety.

The Effect Of Students' Physical Literacy on Welfare Policies in Primary School Physical Education and Games Course

Arzu PEKĞÖZ ÇEVİKERZuhal AYHAN — 2024-08-29

The main purpose of this research is to contribute to the literature by investigating the physical literacy readings of students at every grade level in primary school in Turkey within the scope of Physical Education and Game Course curriculum practice. In realising this aim, the literature review method, one of the qualitative research techniques, was used. In physical literacy, there is a need for a theoretical concept that holistically covers multifaceted individual experiences in the context of physically active lifestyles. The concept of physical literacy has received increasing attention in recent years. According to the results of the research, it was revealed that it produces a theory-based physical literacy activity for children aged 7-11 years as a support to the Physical Education and Games Course curriculum for primary school level students and uses extracurricular time in primary schools to facilitate the student-centred concept at primary school level outside the traditional compulsory atmosphere. The uniqueness of this activity lies in the clear theory-content links, in the consideration of integrative principles between the physical literacy domains and in the support of classroom teachers with the Physical Education and Games curriculum, which is expected to support a broad body of knowledge. On the basis of lifelong health, education and social policy should advocate for strengthening child protection systems; raising awareness, strengthening the role of parents and teachers; developing and implementing standards for lifelong well-being of children in physical literacy and basic movement skills. On the other hand, appropriate adjustments should be made to the curriculum of Physical Education and Games Course for students at primary school level. Strong social policies should also be adopted and implemented to specifically promote physically active lifestyles among children.

The Role of WhatsApp Family Groups in Family Communication

İsmail BAYDİLİ — 2024-08-29

Today's world, where technological revolutions are experienced, offers new opportunities to individuals by reshaping the communication tools of individuals. One of these new opportunities is instant messaging programs that allow individuals to communicate cheaply and quickly. WhatsApp draws attention as the most preferred application in the world among instant messaging programs. WhatsApp has become an indispensable part of an individual's daily life with its user-friendly interface, multimedia sharing capability and real-time interaction features. The application, which individuals use intensely for their communication needs in both their business and private lives, has also brought about a change in family communication. This study explores how WhatsApp family groups affect communication between family members. In the study, three assumptions suitable for the purpose of the research were formed and the study was shaped within the scope of these assumptions. Within the scope of the research, 3 WhatsApp family groups were examined with quantitative content analysis and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 participants from these groups. The reason for using two methods in the research is the desire to yield clearer results in the study. As a result of the interview, it was determined that WhatsApp family groups are effective in intra-family communication, strengthen the family awareness of family members from far distances and contribute to the strengthening of intergenerational communication.

Forensic Interview With Mental Disabled Children Who Are Victims of Sexual Abuse

Hüseyin BATMANGökçe ULUIŞIK — 2024-08-29

Cases of sexual abuse have been increasing worldwide in recent years. Studies show that children with disabilities are at higher risk of being victims of sexual abuse than other groups. Children who are victims of crime in the judicial system have difficulties in describing the events they experienced and making their voices heard. It is thought that especially disabled children experience this difficulty more intensely than other children. In cases of sexual abuse, there are generally no eyewitnesses other than the child and the perpetrator. This situation increases the importance of forensic interview with the child. Forensic interviewing with mentally disabled children requires more time, attention, knowledge, and skills in other forensic interviews due to limited vocabulary, risk of being influenced, inability to concentrate for a long time, and difficulties in remembering and expressing. Equipping forensic interviewers with the necessary knowledge and skills on how to conduct forensic interviews with mentally disabled children victims of sexual abuse is extremely important in terms of successful interviews and access to complete and accurate information. In Türkiye, there is not yet a forensic interview protocol for vulnerable groups (children, disabled person etc). It is believed that this deficiency should be remedied immediately.

An Analysis On Political Movements And Idea Journalism In The Single-Party Period

Dilşad TÜRKMENOĞLU KÖSEHilal BEKTAŞ — 2024-08-29

Idea journals are among the media tools that have the ability to influence and reflect the political conjuncture of the period in which they live. Scope of work; Due to these functions, Kadro, Ağaç and Çınaraltı magazines were chosen. In the study, in which the historical-descriptive analysis method and the purpose-based sampling method were used together, it was seen that the political thoughts that differed from the Kemalist ideology could exist through the idea journals despite the dominant ideology. It is noteworthy that in a period of administration that can be considered authoritarian, thoughts other than the dominant ideology could interact directly with the society. In addition, when the literature is searched, it can be said that the single-party period is given a lot of attention, but there is no research in which the opinion journals of the period are evaluated comparatively. It is thought that the study will contribute to the literature in terms of the analysis of the idea journals of the Single Party period.

INVESTIGATING PRESERVICE ELT TEACHERS’ BURNOUT LEVELS AND ITS REASONS

Zeynep AÇIKGÖZMeral CEYLAN ÇAPAR — 2024-08-29

This study investigates the burnout levels and the underlying causes of the burnout experienced by ELT preservice teachers during emergency distance education (EDE), also considering basic IT (Information technology/computer) skills. For this purpose, a mixed-method sequential explanatory design was used in the study. The Turkish version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Questionnaire (Çapri et al., 2011) was administered to 227 ELT preservice teachers to investigate their general burnout levels and three different burnout dimensions. The effects of basic IT skills and the underlying causes of burnout were obtained from the demographic information form and open-ended questions. The findings show that the participants exhibited a moderate level of burnout. No significant relationship was found between basic IT skills and general burnout levels. The study revealed that participants' burnout levels were mainly caused by anxiety and EDE itself. The participants stated that long class hours, audio and video participation from the computer made it difficult for them. The findings may be effective in improving teacher training and students' mental health during EDE.

The National Struggle in Adana and the Opposition in Ferda (1918-1921)

Aslı Emine ÇOMU — 2024-08-29

The province of Adana was first invaded by British and then by French troops at the end of the year 1918, during which Turkish and Muslim population suffered the most. Pecuniary and non-pecuniary damages aggravated their situation and created a serious security threat. The temporary nature of the occupation was constantly reminded to Muslims by the French administrative authorities who tried to prevent a resistance movement challenging the occupying forces. This call was not found convincing since there was no prospect of amelioration in their condition. Military occupation also gave rise to adversary groups and set these groups against one another. One side stood against the foreign invasion and championed armed resistance, but the other side supported foreign invasion and accused their opponents of banditry and vagrancy. This paper will center on the formation of these groups and their subject of discussion and analyze this issue through its representation in Ferda. The lead actor of the anti-nationalist propaganda in the province of Adana, this newspaper served as the voice of supporters of foreign invasion. Thus, the paper was intended to depict the foreign invasion in a positive light. It was also important for showing social division during the period of occupation. The paper will also examine the pro-occupation propaganda as presented in Ferda, a hardly accessible valuable source, and aim to conclude previously written works.

An Alternative Activity Proposal for Improving Digital Literacy in High School Chemistry Courses: Canva Example

Seyide EROĞLU — 2024-08-29

In order to develop students' digital literacy, which is one of the 21st century skills, and to popularize technology applications in lessons, it is necessary to put forward sample applications for teachers. For this purpose, this study presents an application and evaluation example for science/chemistry teachers to improve their students' digital literacy by integrating technology into their lessons. The study was designed in accordance with activity development. In the study, Canva, one of the web 2.0 tools, was used in the "Science of Chemistry" unit. The application was carried out with the participation of 28 9th grade students from a high school in Kayseri province, who were selected using typical case sampling from purposive sampling methods. An evaluation rubric including eight evaluation criteria was used as a data collection tool and the posters were evaluated according to this rubric. The applications were carried out during class hours for a total of 6 hours for 3 weeks. At the end of the implementation, it was observed that the students enjoyed the process, were able to work collaboratively, and were better able to express what they had learned. At the end of the study, it was suggested that course materials created on the basis of different Web 2.0 tools can be integrated into different courses and subjects, and the effects of the materials used on students in chemistry courses in terms of different variables can be investigated.

Self-Regulation and Related Construct in Writing Education: A Bibliometric Analysis

Hasan Basri KANSIZOĞLU — 2024-08-29

Self-regulation is a concept that includes consciously managing, directing, and regulating one's own behaviors, emotions, and thoughts. This multidimensional concept has been the subject of various studies in writing education. This study aims to examine these studies regarding various variables related to author, citation, and publication. In this context, 780 studies published between 1980-2023 and included in the Web of Science Core Collection database were subjected to bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer software. The results of the analysis were visualized with various network graphs under headings such as key concepts, countries of study, most cited journals, publications, and researchers. As a result of the study, it was concluded that among the constructs related to self-regulation, the constructs such as self-efficacy, anxiety, and motivation were mostly investigated. In addition, it was determined that the studies tended to increase, and the subject was researched more in education. US-based Frontiers in Psychology and Contemporary Educational Psychology are the journals with the most publications and citations. The researcher with the most publications is Steve Graham, and the author with the most citations and bibliographic coupling is Frank Pajares. The USA is also prominent in the universities where the publishing researchers are affiliated. Although Turkey has an increasing trend regarding the number of publications, it is not at the desired point regarding citations. The study contains findings that will contribute to the determination of development and trends in the field of self-regulation in writing education and the evaluation of academic productivity.

The Use of Municipal Web Pages for Recognition and Promotion: An Analysis on the District Municipalities of Burdur

Serkan ÖZTÜRK — 2024-08-29

The rapid transformation of the digital age has changed and transformed public relations activities, as in every field. Recognition and promotion activities of institutions and organizations towards their target audiences need to be continued strongly in digital environments. In this context, institutions and organizations need to pay more attention to corporate websites, which play an important role in both promoting themselves and knowing their target audience. Corporate websites are a tool for all institutions and organizations that allows very fast communication with target audiences and is also controllable. When used effectively, this tool provides various conveniences to organizations, contributes positively to their image and helps them stand out in the competition. In this study, focusing especially on municipalities where mutual communication with the public is indispensable, the activities carried out by the municipalities on their web pages to get to know the public and introduce the institution to the public were examined. Considering the features that a good website should have, the web pages of Burdur's district municipalities were analyzed within the framework of the concepts of recognition and promotion, which are two important components of public relations. According to the results obtained, it has been observed that the web pages of the municipalities largely meet the necessary criteria in terms of formal features. While it was observed that the promotional activities were carried out at a sufficient level on the corporate websites of the municipalities, it was observed that the recognition activities remained at a low level and there were not sufficient applications for recognition on the web pages.

Metaphor And Truth Dıscourse in Classical Turkish Literature Masnevis

HANDAN BELLİ — 2024-08-29

Texts with parable characteristics written in masnavi verse form have a literary purpose but also have message concerns. Repetitive words in literary genres convey a message. When we look at the usage of words in masnavis, it is seen that some words are used for a certain purpose. In order to see the reason behind the frequent use of metaphor and truth discourse in many masnavis, the metaphor and truth expressions in classical Turkish literature masnavis were examined. As a result of the analysis made in this context, it was seen that the words metaphor and truth were repeated in the introduction, development and conclusion sections of masnavis written at different times and by different poets. In the study, before looking at the words metaphor and truth, the dictionary meanings of these words were included, and then these words were examined under four main headings. Qualitative research method was chosen for the article and document analysis was conducted in this research. In line with the data obtained as a result of the study, it was determined that these words were used in the context of love, existence, community and bipolarity. The fact that metaphor and truth discourse are included in the majority of the examined masnavis shows that this subject is important for masnavi poets, and it has been seen that the poets convey their thoughts on the subject of truth with this discourse.

Participant Opinions On The Process Of Values Education İn Qur'an Courses For 4-6 Years Old

Sare EVCİMİK — 2024-08-29

In this research, it is aimed to examine the values education practices in the 4-6 year old Qur'an courses in Elazig Provincial Mufti in the context of participant opinions. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the data were analyzed with the content analysis method, one of the qualitative research methods. The study group of the research consists of 20 instructors working in the Qur'an courses for the ages of 4-6 in Elazig Provincial Mufti in 2018-2019. A semi-structured interview form was used as a data collection tool. The people who participated in the study took part in the study on a completely voluntary basis. The data obtained as a result of the analysis revealed that values education is very necessary in the pre-school period. They stated that they mostly included the values of love, respect, honesty, responsibility, love of God, love of the Prophet, patriotism, cooperation, tolerance and sharing within the scope of values education. They stated that values education has become more permanent by processing the contents of values education mostly in drama activities and game activities, and by organizing visits to mosques, historical places, and official institutions and organizations within the scope of values education. It has been concluded that the active participation of the family in the values education process is very important, and that they have difficulties in gaining values due to student and family reasons, the physical conditions of the classrooms, the lack of materials, and the negative effect of the media.

A Quantitative Assessment of Selected Potential Geosites from Gümüşhane (Türkiye) for the Development of Geotourism

Selim ERASLANKuttusi ZORLU ,Volkan DEDE — 2024-08-29

This study aims to propose an MCDM framework for evaluating seven geosites selected from Gümüşhane (Türkiye). For this purpose, seven geosites to be assessed according to the geosite evaluation criterion introduced by Brilha (2016) were analyzed with MEREC-based TOPSIS and EDAS techniques, which are MCDM approaches. According to the results, the most important criteria in the field have been representativeness (SV1), safety (PEU4 and PTU4), and legal protection (DR3). Besides the most important geosites were Karaca Cave and Tomara Waterfall. It is thought that the methodology proposed in the study and the findings obtained will provide a theoretical basis for the subject literature. It is also believed that the results may provide insight into developing practical implications for local stakeholders regarding planning and management

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS SUBJECT OF ART AND DEMOCRATIC POSSIBILITIES OF ART PUBLICITY

Bülent POLAT — 2024-08-29

In this study, a critical approach is presented that will open up the boundaries of the subject, the creator of art, for discussion repeatedly on a democratic infrastructure. This is because even though the relationship between humans and objects has been reduced to a state of relative integration called human-computer interaction at the end of history, a scientific ground must be established to discuss the democratic and public transformation behind the rise of artificial intelligence as a social actor and an art subject/artist. It can be argued that the art-making relationship between the new human and artificial intelligence, which deserves the adjective “augmented” as a mode of posthumanism, is seminal for rethinking the participatory nature, singularity, and publicity of art within the framework of autonomy and independence. This study aims to discuss the artistic subject position of artificial intelligence tools such as Adobe Firefly, ChatGPT, Midjourney, PlaygroundAI, and Dall-E 2 on the axis of a human-computer relationship and to examine what form it takes at the point where the understanding of democratic art has arrived. In this context, subject-object relations are established between the imagination of artificial intelligence and the meta-memory of human beings, the possibilities of democratization within the hegemonic structure in the artistic field are addressed, and finally, a comparison of artistic and instrumental reason based on the fine distinction between art democracy and art bureaucracy is made.

Current Energy Security Debates: The Case of the Eastern Mediterranean

Deniz ALCA — 2024-08-29

The history of mankind has witnessed many power struggles and conflicts over the millennia for various reasons. Although there have been small and large-scale wars over the allocation of valuable things in almost every corner of the world throughout history, there are some regions where power struggles have been constant and the intensity of conflicts has been high throughout the ages. The Eastern Mediterranean is one of the most important regions where intense power struggles have taken place throughout history due to its location at the crossroads of Asia, Europe, and Africa. Today, the new struggle in the region is centered around access to and secure exploitation of energy resources, fueled by the rising need for energy due to the world's growing population and increasing level of industrialization. For this reason, energy security in the Eastern Mediterranean is both topical as a practical political issue and an appropriate example to discuss and test the existing Security theories in the field. The current context of the power struggle centered around the energy issue in the Eastern Mediterranean has a complex structure in which both political and economic aspects are integrated with various sociological and cultural sensitivities. For this reason, it has become one of the most intensely debated contemporary issues in both political and academic circles, especially in the last decade. This study has been prepared in a multidimensional context consisting of an intersection of political theory, international politics, and security studies. In this respect, it has the potential to make an academic contribution to a multidimensional debate. The methodology of the study is based on literature review and critical discourse analysis, which are qualitative research methods. The study has three main objectives: To understand the main theoretical perspectives or paradigms in security studies; to examine some of the most important issues and debates in the field with an emphasis on recent contributions; to apply the theories and arguments from the academic literature to contemporary policy issues and to identify which framework is predominantly preferred and why.

ETHICAL PROBLEMS FACED BY PRESCHOOL TEACHERS IN THEIR PROFESSIONAL LIFE AND THEIR STRATEGIES TO SOLVE

Şule KAVAK — 2024-08-29

This study offers an in-depth exploration into the ethical and professional dilemmas encountered by preschool teachers in Turkey. By employing a phenomenological approach and conducting semi-structured interviews with 69 randomly selected preschool teachers, the research delves into experiences related to unethical behaviors in their profession, the solutions they pursued, and the perceived responsibility for these incidents. Findings reveal prominent issues, including cases of verbal and physical violence, communication challenges with parents and administrators, and the difficulties arising from hierarchical power dynamics in educational settings. Notably, many educators grapple with the conflict between professional idealism and the stark realities of their work environment. The study suggests the need for enhanced supportive mechanisms, training programs, and revised school policies to ensure a positive, inclusive, and respectful environment for educators.

THE EFFECT OF FEAR OF NEGATIVE EVALUATION ON SOCIAL ANXIETY OF DISTANCE LEARNING STUDENTS

Elvan ATAMTÜRKMehmet Zafer DANIŞ ,Sevde BÜLBÜL ,Cemile Şule POLAT — 2024-08-29

This study aimed to investigate whether fear of negative evaluation affects the social anxiety levels of distance learning students and to make recommendations based on the findings. The research was conducted using an electronic-based questionnaire method with university students at Sakarya University on July 17 and July 31, 2023. The study employed demographic information questionnaires, the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, and the Short Form of the Social Anxiety Scale. As a result of the Pearson correlation analysis, a significant positive relationship was found between fear of negative evaluation scores and social anxiety scores. As a result of the multiple linear regression analysis; the fear of negative evaluation affects the social anxiety levels of distance education students. In light of this result, it has been suggested that higher education institutes should Increase awareness and education about social anxiety, provide accessible counseling services, and offer training to their instructors and faculty members to help them identify indications of social anxiety in students and establish inclusive, supportive learning environments.

Examination of Middle School STEM Researches in Turkey: A Systematic Analysis

Güliz AYDINBahaddin DURSUN — 2024-08-29

The aim of the study is to examine STEM education research conducted with middle school students in Turkey between 2018-2022. Document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. The content of 165 academic studies from different databases was examined; of these, a total of 82 studies, including 19 academic articles, 54 master's theses and 9 doctoral dissertations, were included in the study. Descriptive analysis technique was used to analyse the data. Studies are given in detail in the form of a table. Studies are grouped into two main themes, STEM-academic achievement and STEM-attitude. As a result of the study, it was seen that the most middle school STEM research was published in 2019. In the studies, it was determined that the number of sample/study groups was mostly in the range of 31-60 and it was mostly studied with 7th grade students. The findings of the studies included in the research are that STEM studies positively affect students' academic achievement along with their permanent learning and enable students to develop positive attitudes towards science.