Tarih Okulu Dergisi, Year 2024 Issue LXVIII

An Investigation into the Studies Regarding Republican Period Geography Curriculum

Nurcan DEMİRALPSelver KARACA — 2024-08-29

In the current study, it was aimed to investigate the post-graduate studies and research articles regarding the geography course curriculum between the years 2001-2023. In the study, three doctorate theses, 23 master theses and 39 research articles, 65 studies in total, were investigated. The studies were investigated using “the form to investigate theses and articles” developed by the researchers depending on the data of “type of publication, publication year, the university it was carried out, the purposes, the journals the article was published, data collection tools, number of writers, sampling/working groups, sampling size and data analysis methods”. The method is the research is content analysis method. At the end of the content analyses, it was found that there are master and doctorate theses in this field, but the number of doctorate thesis is very limited, teacher views were given more place, qualitative research method and descriptive analysis were used more, the year when the most studies were conducted was 2019 and Gazi University was the university with mostly published studies, the studies were not conducted to evaluate the teaching principles and techniques of the curricula, questionnaires and document analyses were used mostly as data collection tools, sampling size intensified between 1-100, the studies mostly had one writer, publications intensified in some journals regarding the topic and most of the studies dealt with 2018 curriculum. The results of the research correspond to the curricula like the philosophy course curriculum. Regarding the curriculum, it is recommended that some studies should be conducted particularly over teaching principles and methods and that the curricula should be investigated in detail through doctorate theses.

The Need for Education and Curriculum Renewal: A Theoretical Analysis through the Turkish Century Education Model

Burhan AkpınarBahadır KÖKSALAN — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this review study is to analyse the Ministry of National Education's K-12 Skills Framework Turkey Holistic Model / Turkey Century Maarif Model from a domestic and national perspective. The results of the analysis based on the K-12 Skills Framework Turkey Holistic Model document, which is the main document of the Ministry regarding the relevant project, and by making use of the relevant literature are as follows: The project, which is currently called the Turkish Century Education Model because its name is not yet clear, is a step in the right direction in terms of the adaptation of the Turkish Education System to the 21st century education paradigm. Inspired by the USA, the project includes some innovations in terms of providing future generations with 21st century skills and holistic development of the individual. However, in the same project, there is a need for local and national touches in terms of the individual's identity and social belonging, social-affective and dispositions. Because national and domestic minds cannot be built with only imported information. If local and national minds are not built, future generations, even if they have 21st century skills, may turn into the skilled labor force of the global industry and economy because they lack social belonging.

The Relationship Between Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors of Male University Students and the Drive for Muscularity

Cihan ÖNENMuhammed Bahadır SANDIKÇI ,Duygu Büşra SANDIKÇI — 2024-08-29

This study was conducted in order to determine the healthy lifestyle behaviors of male students and examine their relationship with their drive for muscularity. This study was designed as a cross-sectional correlational study. Male students studying at Munzur University Faculty of Sport Sciences in the Fall semester of the 2021-2022 academic year constitute the scope of the study. The Personal Information Form, Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale II (HLBS II), and Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) were used as data collection tools. HLBS II mean score of the participants is 129.93±22.89. DMS mean score of the students is 48.07±16.00. The relationship between TBM (Training Behaviors for Muscularity) sub-component and HLBS II is moderate and statistically significant. There is a statistically weak correlation between HLBS II and DMS when considered by the total scores of the scales. In the multiple linear regression model, family residence, HLBS II, and smoking explain the muscularity drive in a statistically significant way. Healthy lifestyle behaviors of university students are associated with the drive for muscularity. However, it was observed that the attitude for muscularity was not directed towards healthy lifestyle behavior. Healthy lifestyle behavior, smoking and place of residence explain the drive for muscularity at a low rate. Students may have desired to be muscular for many purposes other than healthy lifestyle. In future studies, multiple linear regression models can be created with new variables that will explain students' drive for muscularity and the public health dimension of the subject can be discussed.

The Compensations in Ijarah (Lease) Contract: Sample of Majalla

M. ZÜLFİKAR FIRATMesut BAYAR — 2024-08-29

Compensation is a sanction within the field of civil law and refers to the compensation of damages that may occur. There are provisions regarding compensation in matters such as sales contract, ijarah (lease) contract, bail and collateral in Majalla, which has an important place in Islamic civil law. The aim of this study is to examine the subject of compensations in the ijarah contract. When ijarah contract in Majalla is examined, it is found out that there are three main parts about compensations. The first of these is the provisions regarding the compensation of the benefits that will be obtained from the leased property and that will arise over time, secondly, the provisions regarding the liabilities of the lessee at the point of compensation and finally the provisions regarding the compensation of the worker. While the issue of compensations in the ijare (lease) contract was discussed in Majalla, the Majalla Commission previously wrote down the articles within the framework of the views of the Hanafi sect, mostly Abu Hanifa. However, it is obvious that more proper results will be achieved when the changes in the conditions of the time and the issues within the unity and depth of the Islamic ijtihad tradition are discussed. As a matter of fact, Majalla’s Amendment Commissions, formed later, also made changes, additions and deletions within this framework. Benefiting from the opinions of other sects about compensations so that both the landlords and the lessees are not aggrieved will be an important step in terms of finding solutions to today's problems in Islamic fiqh.

Confusion in Conceptualizing Clinical Social Work

Metin ERDEM — 2024-08-29

This study explores the conceptual confusion surrounding the term "clinical social work" in the social work literature. The confusion typically arises from the conflation and lack of distinction between the concepts of clinical social work, medical social work, and psychiatric social work. In the literature, clinical social work is either used interchangeably with these terms or defined as a subfield under them. The study aims to elucidate the differences, similarities, and relationships among these three concepts. It begins by examining the definitions and historical evolution of medical, psychiatric, and clinical social work. Subsequently, it delves into the relationships between these concepts. The analysis reveals two fundamental differences between clinical social work and medical/psychiatric social work, manifested structurally and functionally. While medical and psychiatric social work adopts a generalist approach in its practices, clinical social work, focusing on specialization and in-depth interventions, presents a structural distinction. The core function of medical and psychiatric social work revolves around enhancing individuals' social functionality, whereas clinical social work centers on mental functionality. In conclusion, the concept of clinical social work, with its inherent distinctions, necessitates a unique consideration apart from medical and psychiatric social work concepts.

TEACHERS' VIEWS ON THE CHARACTERISTICS THAT SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS SHOULD HAVE

Yusuf GÜNAYDINGökmen GÜNEŞ ,Onur GÜLERYÜZ ,Tuğba KILCAN ,Bahadır KILCAN — 2024-08-29

The purpose of the research is to put forward the views of teachers about what characteristics school administrators should have. Convenience sampling method, one of the improbable sampling types, was used to determine the participants of the study. With the appropriate sampling method, interviews were conducted with nine secondary school teachers from different branches working in the central district of Kırşehir province in the fall semester of the 2022-2023 academic year. In collecting the data, a semi-structured interview form consisting of open-ended questions prepared by the researchers was used in order to put forward the views of the teachers. The data obtained from the participants was analyzed through content analysis method. In the study, when the findings about the characteristics that the school administrator should have are examined by the participants, it is seen that the school administrators are expected to have communication skills, be fair, leader, idealistic, guiding, self-confident and to show empathy. In addition, it is also stated that the administrators should be flexible and tolerant in the use of authority, comply with the legislation and laws, and take initiative and responsibility. On the other hand, in the contribution of the administrators to the school climate, the participants stated that the administrators should organize social and cultural activities, strengthen communication and ensure unity and solidarity, and they underlined that such reasons as economic reasons, goals and ideals, comfort, professional inadequacy in teaching and assignment procedures are effective in preferring to be an administrator.

Investigation of National Theses on Socio-Scientific Issues in Science Education

Ufuk TÖMANGÖKÇE YILDIRIM — 2024-08-29

The aim of the research is to examine the theses written on socioscientific issues in science education in Türkiye between the years 2015-2022 and to reveal the tendencies of the research topics of the theses in a holistic manner. From this point of view, theses written on socioscientific issues in science education in our country were examined. In this study, it was aimed to examine the national theses written on socioscientific issues in science education. For this purpose, document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. In the data collection process, firstly, the National Thesis Center database of the Council of Higher Education was used to find the appropriate documents. The terms 'Socioscientific issues', 'science' and 'science education' were used as keywords. A total of 48 theses were reached in the database. While analyzing the data, the theses were coded one by one, and the type of theses, publication year, data collection tools, sample groups, research methods and designs, research topics and the results obtained from the theses were analyzed. As a result, the fact that socioscientific issues continue to take place in education policies and curricula shows that studies in this field will continue. There is a need to increase the number of studies in the field of socioscientific issues so that individuals can make informed decisions in the face of increasing socioscientific issues.

The Effects of the Ulüş System on the Administrative Structure of the Great Seljuk Empire

Yağız AKSAKALOĞLU — 2024-08-29

This study is an introductory effort to analyze the administrative structure of the empire by examining the reflections of the ülüş system, as the old Turkish administrative tradition, on the Great Seljuk Empire. In this study, it is aimed to make the complex administrative structure of the Great Seljuk Empire more understandable through the ülüş system. In the study, as a strong legacy of the old Turkish administrative tradition, how the ülüş system was reflected in the Great Seljuk imperial administrative structure, how the ülüş system was applied and whether this system changed, whether this system presented a centralized or decentralized structure in the imperial administration, and finally it is investigated how the benefits and harms of this system emerge. As a result, in the Great Seljuk Empire, which emerged as a federal sultanate based on the ülüş system and open to the influence of the members of the dynasty, it is seen that there has been an effort to establish a more central federal sultanate away from the influence of the members of the dynasty.

Bibliometric Analysis of Financial Failure Prediction Studies via the Web of Science Database

Çiğdem ÖZARI — 2024-08-29

İşletmelerdeki finansal sıkıntıya maruz kalma, işletmeyle ilişkili grupları ve genel ekonomik yapıyı olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle, finansal başarısızlık, finansal sağlık, finansal sıkıntı, iflas tahmini ve finansal manipülasyon gibi konular, Altman Z-Skor modeli ile birlikte literatürde önemli bir yer edinmiştir. Bu çalışmanın ana amacı, işletmelerin finansal başarısızlıklarını belirlemede ve tahmin etmede Altman Z-Skor gibi yaygın olarak kullanılan skorlama modellerinin kapsamlı bir değerlendirmesini gerçekleştirmektir. Bir bağlamda, çalışmanın ana amacı Web of Science veri tabanında yer alan bu kavramlar ile ilgili bilimsel yayınların bibliyometrik göstergeler açısından incelenmesidir. Yazılım olarak R tabanlı bir kütüphane olan “bibliometrix” ve “bibliometrix’in” web tabanlı arayüzü olan “biblioshiny” kullanılmıştır. Bu kavramların yer aldığı bilimsel çalışmaların atıf sayıları, en çok yayın yapan ülkeler, en etkin yazarlar gibi bibliyometrik göstergeler değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, bu alandaki çalışmalarda Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin ve Çek Cumhuriyeti’nin dünya çapında önde gelen ülkeler olduğunu göstermektedir. İncelenen çalışmalarda makalelerin dergilere atıf dağılımının Bradford Yasası'na uygun olduğu, ancak yazarların üretkenliğinin Lotka Yasası'na uyumlu olmadığı anlaşılmıştır.

Discussions on the Representation of Turkish Nationalism as a Political Party After the Second World War

Sibel DEMİRCİ DOĞANAY — 2024-08-29

Although the history of representation of Turkish nationalism as a political party is generally based on the establishment of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) in 1969, the intellectual discussion of partying goes back to the last years of the Ottoman Empire. Turkish nationalism, which was seen as the hope of salvation in the disintegration process of the Ottoman Empire, was influential in the intellectual sense, gained prestige among the managers of the Union and Progress Party, and even could be organized as a party. In the Republican Period, Turkish nationalism took its place in the foundations of the state as the dominant current of thought. The subject of this article, on the other hand, is the debates on partying, which were reflected in the press at the end of the Second World War. After the conclusion of the war, as a result of the new political dynamics that emerged in Türkiye, especially the press, associations, etc. The increase in opportunities also affected Turkish nationalism, the Turkist side, which became visible with young names, especially accelerated its journal activities and their publications attracted attention. Turkists, who included Turkish history and culture and current political issues in these publications, also discussed the future of Turkish nationalism and the possibilities of forming unity. The most striking of the debates in this way is undoubtedly about whether to establish a political party and its contribution to Turkism. It can even be said that the debate is one of the issues that will cause the ideological separation of Turkish nationalists. This process is important and unique for our Turkish political history. Considering the number and lifetime of the parties established in Turkish political life, the history of their intellectual infrastructure and their political stability, it will be seen that the partyization process of Turkish nationalism is worth studying.

SELF-REGULATED LEARNING SKILLS AS THE PREDICTOR OF PRE-SERVICE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF SELF-EFFICACY

Bilge GÖKMahmure İPEK — 2024-08-29

This study aims to analyse the correlations between pre-service primary school teachers’ self-regulated learning skills and their perceptions of self-efficacy. Participants included 158 pre-service primary school teachers in the teacher education programme at a public university in the central Black Sea region of Turkey. Data were gathered with self-regulated learning scale and teacher self-efficacy scale in line with the purpose of the study. Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used in data analysis. It was found that the participants’ self-efficacy had medium level positive correlations with motivation and taking action for learning, planning, goal setting, use of strategies and evaluation scores whereas it had low correlations with dependence in learning. The pre-service primary school teachers’ self-regulated learning skills explained approximately 26% of the changes in their scores for teacher self-efficacy according to regression analysis results and have high effect size. The pre-service primary school teachers who frequently used the self-regulated learning skills such as the use of strategies, evaluation, motivation and taking action for learning were found to have high self-efficacy. Besides, it was also found that the most significant predictor of teacher self-efficacy was the use of strategies and evaluation. Planning and goal setting, dependence in learning and self-regulated learning, on the other hand, were not significant predictors.

Repair Mechanisms in Video-mediated Interactions

Fatma KARACA TURHANBayram BAŞ ,Ufuk BALAMAN — 2024-08-29

This study sets out to reveal the need for research on screen-based repair for online foreign language teaching. In this context, firstly, the theoretical and methodological basis of the research conducted using Conversation Analysis (CA) is described. On this basis, the repair mechanisms applied when intersubjectivity cannot be achieved and various interactional problems arise are defined, and the repair activities observed in learning processes are summarized on the basis of screen-oriented practices. The literature we reviewed shows that repair has a central position in terms of the CA as a research methodology, and the quality of foreign language education environments. Particularly in online language education environments, screen functioning as a digital component of interaction has increased the need for research on the interactional role of repair. Literature provides indirect contributions to screen-oriented repair in English. However research covering teaching and learning other languages remains scarce none of which investigates Turkish as a foreign language. Against this backdrop, this study demonstrates the need for research on screen-oriented repair, creates a theoretical basis for related research and thus paves the way for future studies.

Multicultural as an Identity Policy in Turkey

Ahmet BEKTAŞ — 2024-08-29

The concept of identity is one of the most emphasized and discussed science in social media. The concept of identity, which dates back to ancient times, became a subject of discussion in social sciences, especially in the 2nd century. In terms of social sciences, psychological and parenting characteristics are emphasized rather than security. In particular, the issue has been more prominent in the parent dimension from the perspective of the family. Although the discussion of identity shows the priority of self and personality traits, its social dimension has a more important place in terms of social integration. Identity politics is based on new social movements that have an important place especially after the 1960s. In this context, it has been tried to deal with the identity politics phenomenon, which forms the core of our study. Identity politics thinking is strategically positioned against the nation state and criticizes it for fostering tendencies to transform a multicultural social system into a mono-cultural homogeneous one. In this view, the nation state is not an acceptable category. The predominance of multiculturalism in nation-states and the constant emphasis and celebration of change can only serve to break down the social totality into particularities, which only serve to make its specificity more certain. Segregation of the social sphere means a social order that is dominated by exclusivism and whose capacity for cohesion is weakened. In our age, the political community is based on a system that is both cultural and heterogeneous. The cultural heterogeneity of modern societies is an undeniable fact. In terms of the nation, it is difficult to find a real life counterpart to the identity reference and the harmonious social organization shaped around it, but it is also possible for a society living in identity confusion to go to extremes in identity politics. After mentioning the importance of identity politics, which constitutes the problematic environment of the study, the relationship between identity and multiculturalism, which is accepted as a social phenomenon in Turkey, has been critically evaluated.

Examination of The Meb 2013 Pre-School Education Program for Cognıtıve and Motor Developments in Terms of Nature-Based Learning

Filiz AYDEMİRVahide Yiğit GENÇTEN — 2024-08-29

This research aims to examine the objectives and indicators related to cognitive and motor development in the MEB 2013 Preschool Education Program in terms of nature-based learning. By employing the document review method, the study reveals that the program supports nature-based education through 13 cognitive and 4 motor development domains. The cognitive objectives encompass attention to objects/situations, prediction-making, memory retention, observation, matching, grouping, comparison, sequencing, application of spatial instructions, measurement, establishment of cause-effect relationships, explanation of the concept of time, and problem-solving. On the other hand, the motor objectives include movements involving displacement, balance, object control, and utilization of fine motor skills. This study underscores the importance of considering these existing objectives that promote nature-based learning within the Pre-School Education Program when designing out-of-school and nature-based activities. In this way, it will be possible to create opportunities for children to enhance their interaction with nature and actively engage in meaningful learning processes.

Happiness: A Mediator in The Relationship Between Self-Regulation and Depression

İhsan AKEREN — 2024-08-29

Depression is today's most common mental health problem and continues to become more prevalent day by day. In this study, it was aimed to examine the effects of self-regulation and happiness on depression and to determine the mediating role of happiness in the effect of self-regulation on depression. For this purpose, 316 undergraduate students were reached by stratified sampling method. Self-Regulation Scale, Happiness Scale and Depression Scale were used as data collection tools. In the analysis of the collected data, normality analyses, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and internal consistency analyses were performed along with descriptive analyses. Path analysis and structural equation analysis with AMOS 23 program were used to determine the relationships between variables. Correlation findings revealed positive relationships between self-regulation and happiness, negative relationships between self-regulation and depression, and negative relationships between happiness and depression. Regression findings revealed that self-regulation positively predicted happiness, negatively predicted depression, and happiness negatively predicted depression. Mediation findings revealed that happiness is a full mediator between self-regulation and depression, in other words, self-regulation reduces depression through happiness.

DISTRICT 9: APARTHEID’S REFLECTIONS IN JOHANNESBURG’S SCI-FI LANDSCAPE

Leyla ÖZYOLNalan TURNA — 2024-08-29

Directed by Neil Blomkamp, District 9 is a science fiction film, garnered substantial acclaim upon its 2009 release, with box office results of around $211 million. As science fiction in film studies is considered as a visual text with multiple representations and allegorical depictions of reality, this article examines this well-known film that reflects the apartheid and post-apartheid era in Johannesburg/South Africa (1980s to the 2000s). This solid text offers insights into South Africa’s complicated urban history and a prescient warning about future urban landscapes. Employing thematic analysis, it explores the film’s portrayal of apartheid, immigration, and social dynamics within power relations addressing Neil Blomkamp’s science fiction cinema style, historical connections, racial segregation, apartheid urban practices of immigrants through aliens, references to apartheid/post-apartheid, housing-property issues in South Africa’s history, Nigerian ghettos, and the unwelcome visibility of District 9’s inhabitants.

Examination of Primary School Mathematics Curriculums and Textbooks in Terms of Their Potential to Support Mathematical Association Skills and Emotional Intelligence

Niymet DEMİRCİAygül KARTAL — 2024-08-29

In this study, the mathematics curriculum applied in primary school and potential to support mathematical association skills and emotional intelligence was conducted. In this research, which is a document analysis, Türkiye MEB 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th grade mathematics curriculum and textbooks implemented primary school mathematics textbooks were examined in terms of their content in 2022-2023 were synthesized. Mathematical association skills are discussed in four dimensions: Daily Life, Different Representations, Inter conceptual and Association with Different Disciplines. In the emotional intelligence dimension, five basic sub-dimensions, awareness of emotions, managing emotions, empathy, self-motivation and social skills were examined. A frequency table was created by checking the data with the achievements in the sub-learning areas in the primary school mathematics curriculum and the activities in the primary school mathematics textbooks with the "Mathematical association checklist" and "Emotional intelligence checklist". As a result of the examination of mathematical association skills in the research, no associations with different disciplines were detected in the achievements of the primary school mathematics curriculum and textbooks, but it was seen that daily life, associations between concepts and different representations were included. As a result of the examination of the potential to support emotional intelligence, no learning outcomes that have the potential to support the sub-dimensions of emotional intelligence were identified in the mathematics curriculum. It has been determined that primary school mathematics textbooks contain activities that will support cooperation and effective communication, but when compared to the number of existing activities, the potential of mathematics textbooks to support emotional intelligence is insufficient. Considering the importance of mathematical association skills and emotional intelligence; it is recommended that the achievements in mathematics curricula that will guide teachers and the contents of textbooks used effectively in in-class and out-of-class applications should be designed in a way that will develop relational thinking skills and have the potential to support all sub-components of emotional intelligence. It is also thought that conducting studies to investigate the effects of mathematical connection skills and emotional intelligence on students will contribute to the field.

FOREIGN POLICIES OF HAMAS AND HEZBOLLAH DURING THE SYRIAN WAR: A MULTI-LEVEL ANALYSIS

Ömer AK — 2024-08-29

Hamas and Hezbollah have long been close allies and followed very similar policies in the region since they were founded. However, in the process that started with the Arab uprisings, a clear divergence emerged in their foreign policies. The two organizations, as members of an unofficial regional alliance called the “Axis of Resistance”, have begun to follow opposing paths in regional politics, especially during the war in Syria. Although a rapprochment started in the following years, the dynamics of the divergence attracted attention in the academic and political circles. There is a wide presumption in the literature that the divergence in their foreign policies is based on sectarian factors. The fact that the actors have different sectarian characteristics despite their many similarities reinforces this preconception. Even so, could sectarian factors be the tip of the iceberg? Does the fact that the most striking differences of these actors are their sectarian identities mislead researchers? This study tries to understand why Hamas and Hezbollah diverged in their foreign policies during the Arab Spring, by examining the effects of various factors at three levels (system, actor and individual) most commonly used in international relations studies. The results of this study, which compares the attitudes of the two organizations during the Syrian war, reveal that both organizations prioritize pragmatic strategies, rather than their respective sectarian identities, in their foreign policies.

Evaluation of the Active Aging Index: The Case of Giresun

Gülşah DOĞANAY Zeynep ÇOPUR — 2024-08-29

The purpose of the study, which uses the results according to the four main areas and sub-indicators of Giresun's active aging index, is to raise awareness about the processes related to aging. The data of the study were obtained from a total of 457 individuals, 65 and over, selected from different socio-economic neighborhoods of Giresun in 2022. In the research, the survey model, one of the quantitative research methods, was adopted. Maximum diversity method, one of the purposeful sampling types, was used to collect data. In accordance with the purpose of the research, IBM SPSS Statistics Version 23,0 statistical program was used for the analysis of the data, considering weights of the active aging index, which is a composite index. The results of the active aging index of Giresun were evaluated by making comparisons according to genders. Giresun's "Active Aging Index (AAI)" score was found to be 26,1. Giresun’ s “Employment" score, one of the main parameters of the active aging index, was found to be the lowest with 11,9, and the "Capacity and Favorable Environment for Active Aging" parameter score was fount to be the highest with 63,0.

Examining the 2018 Social Studies Curriculum in the Context of Social Skills Content

Mehmet ASLAN — 2024-08-29

In this research, the 2018 Social Studies Curriculum was examined in terms of social skills content. While making this examination, the specific objectives of the program were targeted according to basic life skills and grade levels. The study was conducted using the document analysis method, which is one of the qualitative research approaches. The data was collected by examining the 2018 Social Studies Curriculum according to the previously determined classification and criteria. While examining the relevant program, some criteria were determined. Based on these criteria, the main topics of SBÖP were examined in terms of social skills. In this analysis, the social skills classification developed by Akkök (1996) was used. It was observed that 10 of the 18 specific objectives in the program were related to social skills. In addition, 11 of the basic life skills were found to be related to social skills. It was determined that 56 of the 131 acquisitions in the curriculum included social skills content. In addition, it was determined that the acquisitions related to social skills were mostly at the fourth grade level and the content of social skills decreased as the grade level increased.

Investigation of Türkiye and Singapore Secondary School Mathematics Textbooks in the Context of Mathematical Connection Skill

Selçuk FIRATSelçuk FIRAT — 2024-08-29

In this study, the activities in the middle school mathematics textbooks of Singapore, which ranks high with its success in mathematics in PISA and TIMSS exams, and Türkiye, which has increased its success in mathematics in recent years but has not yet reached the desired level of success, were examined in the context of mathematical connection skills. In the study conducted with the document analysis method, a total of seven textbooks from Türkiye, including three textbooks approved by the Ministry of National Education and distributed free of charge in schools at the 5th, 6th and 7th grade levels, and four textbooks from Singapore, which are the most preferred middle school level textbooks in the country, were analyzed using the analysis framework developed by the researcher based on previous studies. According to the results obtained, it is seen that the activities in the mathematics textbooks in Türkiye mostly involve connections with real life (30.6%), followed by connections between different representations of the concept (27.5%), then connections between concepts (21.4%), and almost no connections with different disciplines (1%). In the Singapore mathematics textbooks, connections between different representations of the concept were the most common (35.8%), followed by connections with real life (25.9%), then connections between concepts (16%), and connections with different disciplines were very few (2%). It was determined that the rate of activities without connections was almost the same (19%) in the textbooks of both countries. According to these results, while the activities in the Turkish and Singaporean textbooks differ in terms of the predominant type of connection, they are similar in terms of the proportion of little emphasis on connection with different disciplines and proportion of activities without any connection. In the light of these results, it is recommended that the end-of-chapter assessment questions, exercises and solved examples in the textbooks should be examined in the context of mathematical connections.

Examination of Formulaic Words in Turkish Language Teaching Sets for Foreigners

Hüseyin ÖZÇAKMAKGörkem Yılmaz TUTKU — 2024-08-29

The aim of the study was to determine the formulaic expressions used in the textbooks of teaching Turkish language to foreigners and to determine the students' opinions about the formulaic expressions. In qualitative research, sets were analysed by document analysis and interview forms were analysed by content analysis. The material of the study was consisted of A1 and A2 level reading texts of Gazi University Tömer, Yedi İklim Turkish, Istanbul Turkish for Foreigners and New Hitit Turkish for Foreigners textbooks; the study group was composed of 20 Syrian students aged 13-15 who were learning Turkish language at A1 and A2 levels. In the research, it was found that 302 formulaic expressions were repeated 953 times in the reading texts of the sets, and the most common formulaic expressions were found in the Yedi İklim set (f=464) and the least formulaic expressions in the New Hitit set (f=66). It was determined that the 10 most preferred formulaic expressions in the sets A1 and A2 textbooks correspond to 30% in the Gazi Tömer set, 45% in the New Hitit set, 38% in the Yedi İklim set and 42% in the Istanbul set. The most common formulaic expressions used in the sets were detected as “hello” (f=54), “thank you” (f=53), “yes” (f=37), “come in” (f=34) and “have a nice day” (f= 32). As a result of the interview with the students, it was figured out that all of the students had knowledge about formulaic expressions, expressed themselves as very good (f=7), moderate (f=7) and good (f=6) in terms of their ability to use formulaic words, and that they had the most problems with fluent speaking (f=8).

Analysis of Disinformations in Crypto Currency News in The Context of Economy Journalism: In The Case of Bitcoin

Yusuf YURDİGÜLTaylan Yiğit KANDEMİR — 2024-08-29

This article was carried out to understand the role of media in producing news presented to prospective bitcoin investors. For this reason, on the economy news of newspapers have been focused, which are media tools. At this stage, two newspapers with a dominant opinion were selected and two newspapers with a critical opinion were selected and the news were examined comparatively on the axis of certain categories. Since this comparison explains the information behind the production process of the news, it also provides an understanding of the production process, buying and selling process of bitcoin, and its place in the system, providing the answers and understanding of the aims and assumptions of the article. "Content analysis method" was used the research part of the article, Purposive sampling method was adopted as the research focused only on bitcoin news. At the same time, a research model is proposed to perform content analysis. In this context, newspaper news was analyzed within the framework of the title of the news, the atmosphere of the news, the words used in the news and the image of the news

Teacher Opinions on "Turkish Language Exam in Four Skills"

Mesut GÜNBeyzanur DURMUŞ — 2024-08-29

The four basic language skills of speaking, listening, reading and writing are the basic building blocks of Turkish education. In this context, it is important to measure the Turkish language skills of native speakers. "Turkish Language Exam in Four Skills" was developed by the Ministry of Education to measure the basic language skills of native speakers. It is a matter of curiosity what the opinions of Turkish and Turkish language and literature teachers are regarding this exam, and for this reason, the opinions of Turkish and Turkish language and literature teachers regarding the "Four Skills Turkish Language Exam" were consulted in the study. Opinions were taken from a total of 20 teachers and the case study method, which is one of the qualitative research methods and offers a distinctive approach in seeking answers to scientific questions, was used in the study. When we look at the findings of the study, every teacher who participated in the study expressed their opinions, 50% of the teachers (f = 10) had both positive and negative opinions, 15% of the teachers (f = 3) did not express positive opinions about the exam and had only negative opinions. It is seen that 35 of them (f=7) did not have a negative opinion about the exam and only expressed a positive opinion.