Tarih Okulu Dergisi, Year 2024 Issue LXX

EXPLORING THE DYNAMICS OF TOURISM AND LEARNING ORGANIZATIONS: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Mehmet Bahadır KALIPÇI — 2024-08-29

This study investigates the dynamic interaction between tourism and learning organizations using a comprehensive bibliometric analysis. The principal objective is to chart the historical development of academic articles concerning "Tourism" and "Learning Organization" offering a thorough comprehension of worldwide research patterns. Using bibliometric markers like authorship trends, citation patterns, collaboration networks, and publication genres, the study spans the years 1998 to the present. The dataset, which was extracted from Web of Science, shows a steady increase in interest with an annual growth rate of 11.57%. Interestingly, 2023 tops the productivity chart, indicating a persistent passion for research. Results indicate important contributors to the discourse, highlighting notable authors such as Everingham, P., and seminal works by Coghlan A. and Schianetz K. The analysis highlights the importance of academic articles in spreading knowledge in this multidisciplinary field by highlighting their prevalence as the main document type. Australia is the country that receives the most mentions in prestigious journals like the Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Tourism Management, underscoring the global scope of the topic. Strong relationships between authors, including Chivu, I., Ciocrlan-Chitucea, A., Popescu, D., and Popescu, D., are found using collaboration network analysis, demonstrating cooperative efforts to advance knowledge. This study adds to our understanding of how learning organizations and tourism are changing while offering scholars, practitioners, and policymakers’ new perspectives.

From February 6 to May 14, the Political Transformation of Earthquake Empathy: Presidential Election Agenda and Discourses of Epistemic Violence in Ekşi Sözlük

Gökhan KÖMÜR — 2024-08-29

In Turkey, the earthquake disaster occurred when the social structure was politically polarized, especially during an election period. This study aims to comprehend how the public discourse towards earthquake victims written under the entry titled "Akp's win in the earthquake region" in Ekşi Sözlük transformed from empathy to hatred, violence, marginalization, and exclusion in the period from February 6, the day of the earthquake, to the May 14 Presidential elections. Within the framework of this aim, the research will seek answers to the following questions: How does the dominant public discourse on empathy transform into the dominant public discourse on antipathy and hatred/violence through politicization? How is the politicization of public discourse on empathy re-politicized and transformed into a discourse of hate/violence? The fact that the empathy created by the earthquake on people who do not live in that region within four months is replaced by antipathy for political reasons will make the dimensions of epistemic violence produced through public discourses more understandable because hate speech is a form of violence at the cognitive level. The reason for investigating this attitude of political transformation on the platform of Ekşi Sözlük is that it is the most widely used famous platform, and the discourses of public deliberation and debate in Turkey are gathered in this digital cultural space. In this study, the Social Media Critical Discourse Analysis method was used. As a result of this study conducted in Ekşi Sözlük, it was determined that public discourses transformed from empathy to hatred, violence, and othering through politicization and revealed that Ekşi Sözlük also contains a significant diversity in terms of social representation.

The Attitude of Elderly Care and Home Patient Care Students Towards The Elderly and Their Willingness to Provide Care to the Elderly

Bünyamin BAZYELSezer AVCI ,Betül KAPLAN — 2024-08-29

This research was carried out to determine the attitudes of the students who prefer the elderly care and home patient care program towards the elderly in their working environment after graduation and their willingness to care for the elderly, and to examine the factors affecting them. The cross-sectional-descriptive study was applied to Home Patient Care and Elderly Care students studying in the Vocational School program of a state university in January 2023. The population of the research is 300 and the sample is 245 students. The data were collected with the "Personal Information Form" consisting of 17 questions, the "Willingness to Care for the Elderly Scale" and the "Attitudes towards the Elderly Scale". Ethics committee approval and permission from the university administration were obtained for the implementation of the study. It was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the class status of the students and the total mean scores of the "Attitudes towards the Elderly Scale" (p<0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between gender, number of siblings, duration of living in the same house with the elderly and wanting to live with a parent after starting a family, and the total score of the "Willingness to Care for the Elderly Scale" (p<0.05). It was found that the positive attitudes of the students participating in the study towards the elderly increased their willingness to care for the elderly, but it had a moderate effect. In order to achieve more positive results in terms of attitudes towards the elderly and their willingness to care for the elderly, it is recommended that courses on elderly care should be given at lower levels of education and social support for the elderly should be increased to support living together.

Hunting Scenes From The Poet's Perspectives: The Hunting in Classical Turkish Literature

Emre VURAL — 2024-08-29

Human, who has to survive in nature, has engaged in hunting to provide his food and clothing since the moment he came to earth. Human, who hunts the animals he can hunt in the natural habitat using various tools, has also developed his hunting technique over time. At first, hunting was done with simple and primitive tools; over time, it became a hunting culture where tools such as arrows, bows and nets were used. During the process, hunting was used by people as a tool for different activities and events. At first, hunting was done only to meet basic needs, but later it was also done for sports and entertainment purposes. Hunting activities where people come together have thus turned into a link of social life. There are many contents of hunting culture in classical Turkish literature, which is the manifestation of past social life in literary texts. We can trace the historical traces of which animals were hunted and how, which tools were used during hunting, and many other contents, from classical texts. When we look at the hunting descriptions that poets embellish with various dreams, we can see that they use various metaphorical meanings to coincide with real life. The main purpose of our study is sayd and şikar which means hunt in classical literature; The aim will be to investigate the words sayyâd, meaning hunter to determine how poets use these words with hunting descriptions in the imagination of classical literature.

Land Use Characteristics of Hafik (Si̇vas) District in 2023 According to Land Use Capability Classification and CORINE Data

Fatih KARTAL — 2024-08-29

From the past to the present, land use has been changing rapidly and dynamically. Therefore, land use is of great importance in creating a sustainable environment. Hafik district, which is the study area, is geographically located 39 km away from Sivas Center in the Upper Kızılırmak Section of the Central Anatolia Region. The aim of the study is to determine the land capability, use and cover of Hafik district of Sivas province by utilizing CORINE data. In addition, the geographical factors that affect land use and capability characteristics are also expressed. In this study, the land use capability classification of the district was created and specified in Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. Then, using the CORINE data of 2018, land use characteristics were determined and these were mapped and explained. 1:25,000 scale topography maps were digitized in ArcMap praogram and digital elevation model (DEM) map of the district was made. Digital thematic maps showing the reflection of topography (elevation, slope, aspect) and landforms, parent material, soil characteristics, climate characteristics and socio-economic characteristics on the space were produced. According to this land use data, land use characteristics were determined. According to the results obtained; flat, low and medium sloping areas in the district account for 42%, while lands suitable for agricultural activities (I-IV class) account for 30% and lands not suitable for agriculture (V-VIII class) account for 70%. The study also includes examples of land misuse and measures for land use capability.

Perceptions and Experiences of Visiting Spiritual Places of Romans Using Addictive Substances

Fatma ŞENCANFeyza BEKİ — 2024-08-29

The problems arising from the use of addictive substances beyond their intended purpose have engaged people throughout history. With the emergence of new types of addiction over time, the issue remains relevant. The problem of addiction that arises due to the unstoppable use of substances continues to maintain its significance in terms of individual and societal effects. As the use of alcohol, tobacco, and other substances becomes increasingly prevalent, individuals using these substances and their loved ones may seek alternative solutions alongside medical treatment programs to cope with the problems that arise. Nowadays, programs that support individuals in feeling spiritually well and psychologically resilient have been revised and widely adopted through modern methods. Among these programs, visiting spiritual spaces, engaging in conversations with people in these places, and participating in faith-based rituals can be cited as optional methods. Dervish lodges, which are also prominent for their religious identities in society, provide services to support addicted individuals spiritually or raise awareness about the harmful effects of addiction, in addition to their other functions. In this study, the services of dervish lodges related to addiction were examined, and Selami Ali (Selamsız) neighborhood located in the Üsküdar district of Istanbul was selected as a sample. The main priority of the research is to examine the impact of regular visits by substance-using individuals among the Roman population to spiritual places and the responsible individuals in these places on their substance-use attitudes. To reveal any changes observed in the attitudes of individuals regularly visiting these places or experienced by themselves, three groups were interviewed face-to-face using qualitative research techniques, specifically the interview method. Based on the analysis of the findings obtained from the interviews, it was concluded that the regular visits of individuals using addictive substances to spiritual places and the personalities in these places positively influence their efforts to quit using these substances. Participants' statements and observations indicate positive developments such as feeling psychologically better, organizing relationships with family and close acquaintances, avoiding risky behaviors, engaging in work life, and fulfilling current responsibilities. Furthermore, due to the continued services of responsible individuals in spiritual places, a sense of trust has been established in the neighborhood, reducing frequent crime incidents. The study also highlights this situation's crucial role in protective efforts, especially for at-risk groups such as children and adolescents.

Revised Jigsaw II Technique and Its Effect on The Learning Environment

Gamze YAYLA ESKİCİ — 2024-08-29

In this study, it is aimed to revise the Jigsaw II technique for 5th grade secondary school students in order to increase its effectiveness in the learning environment. The special case study method was used in the study. The sample of the study consists of 103 fifth grade secondary school students. Teaching material appropriate to the grade level has been prepared to carry out the Jigsaw II technique. The prepared teaching material was tested with the first pilot study. Some additions and changes were made later to eliminate the identified deficiencies. The teaching material was retested in the second pilot study and a revised version of the Jigsaw II technique was created. The main study was carried out with the teaching material prepared according to the original Jigsaw II technique, and the effect of the final version of the material on the learning environment was tried to be revealed. The effect of the technique on the learning environment was evaluated using the observation form prepared by the researcher. During the actual application, the entire process was recorded on camera, as well as the observation form. Content analysis was used to analyze the observation data obtained. As a result of the study, it was observed that using visual forms and videos in the concept selection phase of the Jigsaw II technique was more suitable for student motivation and motivation. Additionally, it has been observed that 'silent reading' before conducting research in expert study groups helps students do better research. It was observed that students gradually got used to the technique as the weeks progressed in all stages except the measurement and evaluation stages. These findings generally showed that the Jigsaw II technique could be improved for secondary school fifth graders and that this revision increased the success of the technique in the learning environment.

Bando Çalışmalarına Katılan Öğrencilerin Okul Aidiyetine İlişkin Görüşleri

Ahmet TEMELOğuzhan ÇALI ,Rahmi YILDIZ — 2024-08-29

Bu araştırmada bando çalışmalarına katılan öğrencilerin okul aidiyetine ilişkin görüşlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomonolojik araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubunu Aksaray/Eskil’de öğrenim gören ve bando çalışmalarına katılan lise öğrencileri oluşturmuştur. Katılımcıların belirlenmesinde ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak odak grup görüşmesi yapılmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak toplanan verilerin değerlendirilmesinde içerik analizi yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre “faaliyet”, “sosyalleşme”, “başarı”, “duygu” ve “destek” olmak üzere 5 tema belirlenmiştir. Bando çalışmalarına katılım gösteren öğrenciler, milli bayramlarda okulunu temsil etme imkânı elde etmişlerdir. Bununla birlikte kültürel faaliyetlerde görev almaya istekli olmuşlardır. Öğrenciler bando çalışmaları sırasında tanışma, tanınma, çevre edinme kazanımlarını elde etmişlerdir. Yeteneğini keşfetme ve kendini gerçekleştirme ortamını bulan öğrenciler, başarma hazzını yaşamışlardır. Bando çalabilen öğrenciler, yaşadığı çevreden takdir görerek çalışma grubuna ve okuluna aidiyet hissetmişlerdir. Bu süreçte öğrenciler aile, çevre ve öğretmenleri tarafından maddi ve manevi olarak desteklenmişlerdir. Öğrenciler bando çalışma süresinden bağımsız olarak benzer düşünceleri ifade etmişlerdir. Araştırma sonucunda bando çalışmalarına katılımın okul aidiyetini olumlu etkilediği görülmüştür. Bu sonuçlardan hareketle, öğrencilerin yetenekleri doğrultusunda faaliyetlere yönlendirilmesi ve desteklenmesi önerilir.

Whistleblowing in Sport

İbrahim BAYLAVMehmet DALKILIÇ — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this article is to examine the concept of whistleblowing occurring in sports organizations based on the literature. This study aims to determine the limitations of this concept within the scope of domestic and foreign studies carried out within the scope of whistleblowing concept. In this regard, the literature review method, one of the qualitative research techniques, is used. It is seen that reporting is seen as an important tool in revealing ethical/illegal issues in organizations. While a number of consistent measures have been taken at international level to prevent and sanction such behavior in sport, there are still many steps to be taken and measures to be implemented at national level. In order to prevent the negative consequences that may occur from actions that are considered unethical in organizations, the concept of whistleblowing, defined as the communication of these actions by people inside or outside the organization to relevant persons or units within or outside the organization, has been discussed in different dimensions. The situations that the results may cause are within the scope of the research. As a result of the study, various suggestions were given to ensure that the whistleblowing concept is implemented efficiently by whistleblowers.

A Quantitative Study on Psychological Well-Being and Individual-Organization Harmony: A Study in the Furniture Manufacturing Industry

Hüseyin KARAGÖZ — 2024-08-29

The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between psychological well-being and individual-organization harmony. In addition, in order to contribute to the literature, it is aimed to analyze the differences in psychological well-being and individual-organization harmony according to gender, marital status, age, education level, working time and positions. As a sample in the research, the employees of the furniture manufacturing company operating in Karaman O.S.B. were selected, and a face-to-face questionnaire was applied to 252 relevant people. Psychological Well-Being Scale and Individual-Organization Fit Scale were used as data collection tools in the study. SPSS 27 program was used in order to measure the effect of two variables on each other, and descriptive statistical methods (number, percentage, frequency, average) were used while evaluating the data. In addition, whether there is a significant difference between psychological well-being and individual organizational adjustment according to gender, age, marital status, education level, working year and position was examined with Independent Groups T-Test and One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). According to the research findings, a positive and significant relationship between psychological well-being and individual-organization fit was determined. In addition, according to the results of the difference analysis made on the related variables, the H2b hypothesis was accepted as "Personal-organizational adjustment differs according to gender" and the H5a hypothesis was accepted as "Psychological well-being differs according to the education level".

The Concept of Geographic Ignorance and Teachers' Views on the Role of the 7th Grade Social Studies Course in Addressing Geographic Ignorance

Kübra Melis AVCUÖzlem ÇAKAR ÇELİK — 2024-08-29

Geographical ignorance can be defined as a general lack of knowledge that prevents individuals and societies from understanding environmental, cultural, and geopolitical realities. It arises from a combination of various factors including deficiencies in educational systems, cultural and social dynamics, as well as political and economic elements, and it possesses a multidimensional characteristic. This study examines the role of the Social Studies course at the 7th grade level in addressing geographical ignorance based on the perspectives of teachers. The study, conducted with a qualitative approach within the framework of a phenomenological design, is based on the views of Social Studies teachers working in public schools in the central district of Elazığ. The findings indicate that the Social Studies course plays a significant role in addressing geographical ignorance, yet to fully fulfill this role, there is a need to enrich the course content, strengthen teacher training, and increase opportunities for interactive learning. Moreover, considering criticisms of the educational system, it is identified that making the course more effective with a student-centered approach, increasing the use of technology, enhancing student motivation, and allocating more resources to geographical education are necessary. The study highlights the importance of geographical knowledge and offers recommendations for educators.

Tourism And Human Rights in The Context of Integration

Lütfi ARSLANMuhammet Nimet ÇAVUŞ — 2024-08-29

Fundamental rights such as "rights, justice, equality, freedom", which are in herent to human beings because they are human beings, were identified with the concept of "human rights" in the 20th century. Human rights are the basic Standard rights that ensure that people live in dignity. "United Nations UN" took an important step for the realisation of human rights in all areas of life withthe "Universal Declaration of Human Rights UDHR" published in 1948. Serious decisions have been taken and declarations have been published by national and international organisations for the protection of human rights in all kinds of working environments in which people are involved. With the rapid development of tourism, which is a socio-economic activity in which people consume products and services and find the opportunity to get to know each other closely, and the tourism industry developing accordingly, "tourists, tourism workers and local people living in destinations" have become importants take holders and an integration and a cooperation between "tourism and human rights" have emerged. In internation allaw, the main responsibility for the protection of fundamental human rights in tourism activities, opposition to discrimination and sustainability of all of these is placed on the state. International institutions and organisations such as "EU, MB, International Labour Organisation (ILO), World Bank, OICD and World Tourism Organisation" have activities to encourage governments to make appropriate arrangements for tourism enterprises to create a working environment that respects human rights. The "2030 Sustainable Development Goals and the Berlin Declaration" has been a product of these efforts. Despite the development of tourism activities, some violations of rights are experienced by the human-oriented stake holders of tourism, which negatively affects there lationship between tourism and human rights. Although there are many potential to pics to address the integration between tourism and human rights, there are not enough studies in this field in the literature. In this research, which is based on qualitative method and survey model, it is aimed to determine the relationship areas between tourism and human rights and to reveal the dimensions of the integration between tourism and human rights. For this reason, the integration between tourism and human rights is analysed from the perspective of "Tourismand Human RightsRelationship, Tourists, Tourism Employees and Local People".

The Effect of Emotional Labor on Well-Being: A Study on Municıpal Employees

Birsen YENER AYDINEmine ATALAY ,Fatma Zehra YILDIZ ,Emine GÜNDOĞMUŞ — 2024-08-29

This study aims to examine the effect of emotional labor of municipal employees on well-being. The population of the research consists of white-collar employees in a municipality in Turkey. In the study, in which convenience sampling method was used, the data were collected through a questionnaire and the analysis of the data was made with IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0. Descriptive statistical analyses, Pearson regression analysis, t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the research, it was found that emotional labor has a low and significant relationship with well-being. It is recommended that municipal governments develop policies to properly balance emotional labor and take supportive measures to increase employee well-being. As a result, this research illuminates the effect of emotional labor on the well-being of municipal employees and provides important information for improvements that can be made in this area.

Examination of Research Focusing on Lifelong Learning in Türkiye: 2019-2024 Period

Özgür SİREM — 2024-08-29

The aim of this research is to evaluate scientific studies focusing on lifelong learning in Turkey between 2019 and 2024 from a holistic perspective. For this purpose, postgraduate theses in the national thesis center of the Council of Higher Education and completed in the field of education were examined. In this research, 147 open access studies of 12 doctoral and 135 master's degrees, which were reached by searching the keywords "lifelong learning" and "lifelong learning" in the thesis title, were evaluated. With the document analysis method, the types of postgraduate theses (master's degree, doctorate), the language in which they were written, the year they were written, the university where they were written, the participants (teacher, student, trainee, etc.), the method used, data collection tools and data analysis methods were written as a table in a word file. and analyzed. According to the findings of the research, the highest number of master's theses were written on the subject; The majority of the studies were written in Turkish. According to the findings, 46 postgraduate studies were conducted at most in 2019, and the majority of the studies were carried out at Sakarya and Bartın Universities. Teachers participated the most in the studies, and the relational screening model was the most preferred method. Scales were mostly used as data collection tools and statistical data analysis was mostly used. In graduate studies focused on lifelong learning, most of the studies were conducted with teachers, and it was concluded that the relational screening model was used as the method, the scale was used as the data collection tool, and statistical data analysis was used as the data analysis method.

Edgar Allan Poe’s Literary Style in Two Different Translations of The Gold Bug into Turkish

Semih SARIGÜL — 2024-08-29

Since stylistic analysis affects decisions in a literary translation process, it can guide word type, sentence structure and literary devices that a translator uses when building a target text. In this respect, the present study deals with how Edgar Allan Poe, one of the most important short story writers in American literature, and his literary style were reflected in two different translations of The Gold Bug into Turkish under the title Altın Böcek by Tomris Uyar in 1969 and Dost Körpe in 2002. It briefly evaluates Poe’s literary style in the story based on Stauffer’s (1996) stylistic classification as well as common fictional devices in Poe’s other stories. Later, according to the translation criticism model by Van den Broeck (1985), both translations were compared with the source text at the lexical, syntactical and retorical level. Toury’s (2012) translation norms and Vinay and Darbelnet’s (2000) binary translation method classification were also used to categorize both translators’ choices in the target language. The textual analysis demonstrated that Körpe’s translation was source-oriented/adequate and in parallel with Poe’s literary style at the lexical level, while Uyar’s translation was more source-oriented/adequate in terms of Poe’s style at the syntactical level. At the rhetorical level, it was found that Uyar often resorted to idioms and performed a more target-oriented/acceptable translation from a cultural perspective. It can be thus argued that both translators produced two different Poe styles for target text readers. These findings clearly indicated that binary classifications such as “source-oriented”, “target-oriented”, “adequate” or “acceptable” translation could significantly vary in terms of the analyzed texteme and could not be generalized for the whole target text. Therefore, it can be suggested that a translator’s style must be taken into account in order to reach conclusions about a writer’s literary style in the target language.

The Relationship Between Prospective Teachers Awareness of Substance Abuse and Their Psychological Resilience

Emine DOĞANNebile ÖZMEN — 2024-08-29

This research aims to examine the relationship between prospective teachers’ awareness of substance addiction and their psychological resilience levels from the perspective of school social services. In line with this objective, In the study, the relational survey model, one of the quantitative research methods, was used. This research the sample of this research consisted of 502 prospective teachers studying at Marmara University Atatürk Faculty of Education in the 2022-2023 academic year, selected by convenient sampling method. The "Personal Information Form", the "Substance Addiction Awareness Scale" and "Adult Psychological Resilience Scale" were used as data collection tools in the study. The data of the study were analyzed through SPSS 26 program. Statistical techniques such as independent groups t test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson product moment correlation analysis and simple linear regression analysis were used in data analysis.As a result of the analysis conducted in the study, it was revealed that there was a significant relationship between the substance addiction awareness levels and psychological resilience levels of prospective teachers and that the psychological resilience level was a significant predictor of substance addiction awareness. In the study, it was determined that teacher candidates' substance addiction awareness levels and psychological resilience levels were high. However, it was concluded that the awareness levels of teacher candidates' concerning institutions and organizations fighting against addiction are inadequate.

Educational Activities in Turkish and World Museums for Individuals with Special Needs

Yelda USALYelda USAL — 2024-08-29

Museums are the most important out-of-school mechanisms that provide lifelong learning and permanent and effective learning. Museums offer physical equipment and different educational activities for the target audience in order to reflect the world they live in in the most effective way and to make a museum visit in which all kinds of audience groups will want to come to the museum with interest, desire and learn with excitement. Based on this perspective, the research examined current educational activities for individuals with special needs implemented in museums in Türkiye and around the world. In the research conducted in the survey model, the activities held in domestic and foreign museums for individuals who need special learning methods, the path followed in these activities, the methods used, the physical environment, the equipment and the effects of all these on learning were examined. The research was conducted at the Anatolian Civilizations Museum in Türkiye, Şehit Cuma Dağ Natural History Museum, Sakıp Sabancı Museum, Istanbul Modern Art Museum, Pera Museum; It is limited to the educational activities offered by the British Museum, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Tate Museum, Chicago Children's Museum and State Tactile Museum Omero museums around the world for individuals with special needs between 2019-2023. Research findings have shown that individuals who need special learning methods are provided with physical environments, equipment and learning methods for disability groups during their museum visits, and that all of these have a strong impact on learning. As a result of the research, it has been seen how the explanations made in Braille alphabet, large print, a cane-following system, audio information, exciting presentations made with the endless possibilities of technology, in short, the physical environment and methods for different disability groups make the museum visit productive. It is recommended that legal obligations be introduced to ensure that the activities, physical environments and equipment for individuals with special needs seen in the Turkish and World museums examined within the scope of the research are gradually increased in other museums, and that official institutions and organizations inspect the environment and services for different disability groups in museums.

Reflectıon of The Annales School Method on Hıstorıcal Writing in Turkey

Erdal İNCE — 2024-08-29

History education is very important. Thanks to this education, generations learn about their past and open new windows to the future. In this context, the science of history occupies a very important place. Here, the historical reality and the breadth of the perspective add depth to the events and facts. Reality and breadth make it easier to perceive events and facts in real terms. While investigating historical facts, explaining them through only two subjects such as war and politics puts the science of history in a shallow situation and goes against the ideal of reaching the facts expected from science and directing the future. Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre created the Annales School method in 1929, advocating an interdisciplinary perspective in historiography. With this school, many sciences, from psychology to economics, from sociology to anthropology, should have been used while investigating a historical event or phenomenon. This school has been used in the field of historiography in Türkiye. Historians such as Fuat Köprülü, Ömer Lütfi Barkan and Halil İnalcık made the Annales school known in Turkey. In this study, the Annales School, which brings a new perspective to historiography, will be examined and the reflections of this school's method on historiography in Turkey will be evaluated

Problems in Transported Education and Solutions Example of Yusufeli

Hatice KitapçıHatice Kitapçı — 2024-08-29

The aim of this research is to reveal the problems and solution suggestions experienced in transportation education with the opinions of school principals, teachers, parents and students within the scope of transportation education in Yusufeli district of Artvin province in the 2022-2023 academic year. The study group of the research consists of administrators, teachers, parents and students of schools providing transportation education in Yusufeli district of Artvin province in the 2022-2023 academic year. Using random sampling method, 12 participants, including 6 school principals, 1 teacher, 3 students and 2 parents, were interviewed. Among the first problems experienced in the field of transportation in the field of transport education are "early or late arrival and departure of vehicles and waiting for children". These problems are followed by the bus drivers' failure to fulfill their duties related to official documents completely and at the required time, non-compliance with distance-cleanliness rules, and problems between students in the bus. The main suggestions to overcome these problems include "paying attention to the arrival and departure times of school buses, increasing vehicle and driver inspections, paying attention to driver training, complying with distance-hygiene conditions, having separate school buses for each region, neighborhood or village if necessary, ensuring that school buses and drivers are systematic, and not changing drivers and vehicles even occasionally. It is recommended that meals for students subjected to transported education be provided in a certain order, that products with high nutritional value be selected, that each school should establish its own cafeteria and provide its own food instead of providing meals through transportation, that inspection activities should increase, that individuals working in these education centers should be financially rewarded for their work, and that cooperation should be ensured between those who perform the same task.