Tarih Okulu Dergisi, Year 2024 Issue LXXI

Mirza Yusuf Khan Tabrizî (Müstesar Al-Dawla) and the Treatise of Yak Kaleme in the Modernization of Iran

Ömer ALKAÇ — 2024-09-15

Mirza Yusuf Khan Tabrizî should be considered as one of the most important intellectuals of the Naser al-Din Shah period. His diplomatic missions, which began at an early age at the British Consulate in Tabriz, extended to Tbilisi, Petersburg and Paris. As one of the pioneers of the Iranian modernization movement, Müsteşar al-Dawla, through his articles, pamphlets and books, instilled in the minds of Iranians and took his place in history as one of the most active figures of Iranian modernization. During the reign of Naser al-Din Shah, when even uttering the word "law" was considered a sin, he showed great courage and wrote the work “Yak Kaleme” (One Word). Trying to establish a similarity between French laws and Islamic Sharia, Müsteşar al-Dawla tried to show that the Islamic religion was not an obstacle to modernization. He wrote Yak Kaleme based on his experiences abroad during his diplomatic missions. He saw the law as the only reason for the development in the West, and although he spent his life for the sake of freedom and law, he died before seeing the results of his activities. His work Yak Kaleme made him famous especially among the supporters of constitutionalism.

Determinations on Digital Capital Through Pierre Bourdieu's Concept of Capital

Ahmet BEKTAŞ — 2024-09-15

Pierre Bourdieu is known as one of the important figures of contemporary sociology. When Bourdieu's works are analyzed, it is seen that he is a very productive thinker. His first working experiences were on philosophy. Later, with his experience in Algeria, where he went on military service, he turned to anthropology and sociology. While presenting his theories, he attached importance to scientific methodological elements. Therefore, method is important in his work. He has carried out many studies. Among his works are especially social theory, culture, stratification, education, art, economy, politics and the state. He has a very comprehensive research analysis. Bourdieu's approach to topics and research shows that he has the potential for a wide range of work. Bourdieu is a thinker who attaches importance to theory. Every study he deals with has a theoretical background. The concepts of habitus, field and capital that we discuss in our study are the best indicators of this. These concepts have formed his practical theory. It is seen that the concept of habitus is present in all his works. The concept was used before Bourdieu. However, Bourdieu made it more specific in his social theory and made it play an important role in explaining social relations. Secondly, Bourdieu focused on fields. He used certain metaphors while analyzing fields. Especially the metaphor of game is one of them. He emphasized the struggles within the fields. Finally, Bourdieu focused on the concept of capital, which constitutes the content of our study, and did not evaluate capital only from the economic side. In particular, he dealt with capital by associating it around economic, cultural, social and symbolic capital, which are interconnected with each other. Our study, on the other hand, has tried to explain capital by emphasizing its digital dimension. Digital capital has assumed an important function in social sciences as a field that needs to be emphasized in this period when computers and the internet are most intensely experienced.

Aegean Islands in the Context of Commercial Products in the Middle Ages

Ahmet N. ÖZDAL — 2024-09-15

In general, agricultural land in the Aegean islands is limited. In the Middle Ages, Rhodes Island attracts attention with its fruit production and sugar cane production. The island of Crete has extensive cereal (wheat) fields. Also cotton seeds are made in this island. In the Aegean Islands, the Mediterranean climate and the dominant plant cover (lemur) composed of dwarf trees dominate. These conditions determine the natural resources of the islands and the industrial product potential. Chios Island, with gum trees; Mytilene Island with oak trees; many other islands come to the forefront with olive groves and grape hangers. In addition, the absence of predatory animals in these islands allows for very large sheep and goat herds to live freely. Thus the Aegean Islands are transformed into centers producing and exporting olive oil, wine, wool, goat hair, soap, cheese, peanuts, bonito (used in leather stratum). The fruity (menengic) and resin of the chewing gum that gives a name to one of these islands is valuable. This resin is widely used in chewing gum, gum production and perfumery. Another group of products that are traded include the ingredients specific to this island and used in pharmacology. Among the main ones are conium maculatum (şevkaran) which is used in the treatment of herpes, acne and ear effusions; Diuretic, chronic cough remover, pistacia terebinthus (habbu'l-hadra), used as an appetite suppressant, and anti-inflammatory pomades, combinations of paralytic drugs; the best cuscuta epithymum (aftimom) brought from Crete, with good cramps, sara, shortness of breath and melancholy; hair root strengthening and nervous soothing agent (red helle-emlec); laxative effective shampoo; Diuretic chakradian (Teucrium Scardium). Also, special slimes brought from various Aegean islands and used since antic periods were also used by Muslim doctors. The most known of these medical slimes is Terra Sigillata (tin-i mahtum), which is brought from Lemnos, has anti-bleeding, wound healing and tissue regenerating properties. Another one is Terra Samios (tin-i şamus), brought from the island of Sisam, used in the treatment of gout disease, eye cornea disorders and bleeding. Terra Chai (Tîn-i beledi'l-mastaki) brought from Chios Island, is used as polisher and cleaner. Tîn-i akritaş is origin of Crete and is mostly used for polishing silver or metal objects. The main purpose of preparing this study is to present a general list of the trade products of the Aegean Islands in the Middle Ages and to examine their effects on the economy of the period. In line with this purpose, it is aimed to reveal the economic importance of the islands in question in detail. In line with the aforementioned aims and objectives, this study titled “Aegean Islands in the Context of Trade Products in the Middle Ages” was prepared by examining copyrighted works and the document analysis technique was used in this study.

The Evaluation of the High Schools (İdadi) of II. Abdulhamid Period: Kayseri High School Example

Ali GÖÇER — 2024-09-15

Sultan II. Abdülhamid period was a time zone major developments in many areas of the Ottoman Empire with management style based on breakthrough, change and transformation. It was observed with application significant improvements in education. One of the important practices that emphasize the value of II. Abdülhamid period in terms of education is the opening of those who were in a significant position in different regions of Anatolia. The meaning of the idiomatic sentence is the name given to the schools in the past. Formed the ground the number of high schools which are a few at the beginning of the semester will be increased to over 100 during the period. This resulted not only quantitative but also qualitative important transformations. For this purpose, studies on the development of individuals and achievements of the society in the field of education will be screened. This research, conducted under the qualitative research methodology, is a study based on literature review. In this study aims to reveal the outlook of the education provided in the high schools (idadi) opened in many parts of Anatolia in terms of the development of individuals and the achievements of society. For this purpose, were screened studies on the development of the individuals and achievements of the society in the field of education. In this context referred to in the context of high school the importance given to education in terms of the goals set forth for individual and community development and education-related work in the period during the period of Sultan II. Abdülhamid. This research carried out within the framework of qualitative research methodology is a review study based on literature review.

Problems and Solution Suggestions for Directors in Short Film Festivals in Türkiye

Şenol ÇÖM — 2024-09-15

One of the primary challenges encountered in a study on film festivals organized in Türkiye is the limited availability of resources and the lack of institutionalization. The official websites of events organized under the title of "short film festival" in Türkiye often lack basic information such as the number of films submitted in current or past years, lists of films that passed the preliminary selection, and those that won awards, which indicates how far these festivals are from being institutionalized. Considering this situation, it is evident that the same issues are prevalent among film producers. Short film producers face significant challenges in forming professional organizations and associations due to the absence of commercial circulation, which hinders institutionalization and collective action. The root of the institutionalization problem among film producers is primarily because short film directors are generally students from relevant university departments, and sustaining short film production post-graduation is challenging. This study, conducted to identify the problems in film festivals organized in Türkiye and propose solutions, involved in-depth interviews with short film directors who produced multiple films between 2015, 2016, and 2020, and won awards at national and international film festivals. These interviews were conducted face-to-face through video, telephone, voice, and email. The study's practical part is based on qualitative research using the structured interview technique, involving in-depth face-to-face interviews. The analyses revealed that festivals fall short in terms of institutionalization and identity formation, which underlies many of the problems. The study emphasizes the necessity for festivals to organize their written and visual archives and make them accessible online, thereby creating a database for scientific research.

INVESTIGATION OF PRE-SERVİCE TURKISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD DIGITAL READING

Emrullah BANAZAhmet Zeki GÜVEN ,Ömer Tuğrul KARA — 2024-09-15

Developing technology has changed many situations and has led to specific changes in how people read. Nowadays, digital reading activities through electronic media/devices and printed materials have started to increase daily. This research aimed to examine the digital reading attitudes of Turkish teacher candidates in terms of different variables. For this purpose, the research was structured according to the relational screening model, which is a quantitative method. Scanning models are an approach that allows you to describe a past or present situation as it is. The research sample consists of 224 Turkish teacher candidates studying at Akdeniz University in 2022-2023. The research data was collected with the Digital Reading Attitude Scale, and the data accessed using SPSS 24.0 was interpreted with ANOVA and t-test to analyze the data. Based on the findings of the research, it was observed that there was no significant difference in the digital reading attitudes of pre-service teachers in terms of gender, grade level, reading preferences (printed/digital material), and digital reading time variables. Still, a significant difference was observed in terms of reading proficiency.

The Metaverse, Macroeconomic Policy Making, And Political Soft Power: An Interdisciplinal Analysis

Asena BOZTAŞNermin Ceren TÜRKMEN — 2024-09-15

This study aimed to investigate the interplay between political soft power, macroeconomics, and the emerging Metaverse, an increasingly popular virtual space where users can interact, create, and consume content. By reviewing relevant literature on these three topics, this study was seeking to understand how the Metaverse may impact macroeconomic indicators such as GDP, trade, and employment, and how different countries and organizations are using the Metaverse to project their soft power. Specifically, this study explored the potential for the Metaverse to reshape global politics and economics, as well as the economic opportunities and challenges that may arise as the Metaverse continues to grow. Additionally, this study considered the potential policy and regulatory implications of the Metaverse for governments and international organizations, with a focus on how to balance economic growth, cultural exchange, and political stability. Overall, this study aimed to shed light on the complex and dynamic relationship between the Metaverse, macroeconomics, and political soft power, and to provide insights for policymakers, academics, and practitioners who seek to understand this emerging field.

Yenı̇ Medyada Sı̇mgesel Şı̇ddetı̇n İzlerı̇nı̇ Aramak: Bourdıeu'nun Kuramı

Emre ERTÜRK — 2024-09-15

Günümüzde, televizyon reklamlarının toplumsal şekillenme ve dönüşümlerdeki etkisi göz ardı edilemez boyutlara ulaşmıştır. Bu bağlamda, simgesel şiddet kavramı ve televizyon reklamları arasındaki ilişki giderek daha fazla ilgi çekmektedir. Simgesel şiddet, fiziksel saldırıya başvurmadan, semboller ve imajlar aracılığıyla duygusal veya psikolojik bir etki yaratma biçimini tanımlamaktadır. Televizyon reklamları, ürünleri tanıtmak ve tüketici davranışlarını yönlendirmek amacıyla yoğun bir şekilde simgesel şiddete başvurmaktadır. Simgesel şiddet, reklamların içerdiği imajların, stereotiplerin veya toplumsal normların zıtlıkları aracılığıyla izleyicilerde duygusal gerilim yaratma stratejisini içermektedir. Bu bağlamda Pierre Bouirdeu’nun sosyolojisi simgesel şiddetin özelliklerini ve alt yapısını gün ışığına çıkarmaktadır. Bu makalede de Bourdieu sosyolojisi temel alınarak televizyon reklamlarındaki simgesel şiddetin, tüketicilerin algılarına ve davranışlarına olan potansiyel etkileri detaylı bir şekilde tartışılmaktadır. Makalenin ana vurgularından biri, televizyon reklamlarındaki simgesel şiddetin, izleyiciler üzerinde toplumsal normlar, cinsiyet rolleri ve tüketim alışkanlıkları konularında derinlemesine etkiler yaratabileceği gerçeğidir. Bu etkiler, tüketicilerin bilinçaltında oluşan tutumları, değerleri ve algıları şekillendirerek, marka sadakatini etkileyebilmektedir Ayrıca çalışmada bu etkilerin reklamcılık stratejileri ve toplumsal dinamikler açısından nasıl anlaşılması gerektiği üzerinde odaklanılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, televizyon reklamları ve simgesel şiddet arasındaki karmaşık ilişki, tüketicilerin bilinçaltını etkileme potansiyeli taşıdığından, reklamcılar, medya uzmanları ve sosyal bilimciler için önemli bir araştırma alanı sunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda bu çalışma; bir erkek giyim markası olan Kiğılı’nın, simgesel şiddeti yoğun içeren reklamlar çekerek, sinema-dizi aktörü Oktay Kaynarca’nın şiddetin temsilleriyle yoğrulmuş filmografisi ve kariyerini nasıl ön plana çıkardığını, Bourdieu sosyolojisinin merdivenlerine çıkarak okumaktadır.

The XIXth Century of the Ottoman Empire Modernization Efforts in the Century: Social Diseases and Prescriptıons of the Period

Fatih Furkan ALPDOĞANAhmet ÇETİNTAŞ — 2024-09-15

In the contemporary sociological literature, terms such as modern, modernized or modernized are used to make a situation determination through various criteria. Today's paradigm explains Western modernization on various grounds. These principles are imagined as a product of the association with the society of geographical discoveries, the Enlightenment, the Renaissance, the Reformation, Calvinism, and the industrial revolution. Each innovation movement is explained as an important path to modernity. The main issue to be considered here is what will be seen as the main basis of modernization. In the West, issues such as secularization, political and social development can be seen as the main motives for modernization. It can be said that the modernization efforts of the Turks emerged as a manifestation of backwardness in the military field. The increase in military defeats in the seventeenth century Ottoman Empire and the inability to keep up with the economic and military revolution of the West left the power in the thought of change. First, Selim III and then his successor Mahmud II took their place in history as the first sultans of the Ottoman Empire to undertake radical transformation processes. In addition to the sultans, the intellectuals of the period also put forward various ideas on the question "How can we save the state?" Despite all these developments in the empire, the fragmented and uncohesive modernization efforts of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries did not go beyond an attitude that emulated the formal aspect of Western culture. These two centuries brought with them various models of social change in order to prevent the disintegration of the empire. The first of these was the Gülhane Line Humayunu, also known as the Tanzimat Edict, while the Reform Edict was a model put forward to solve problems and prevent the disintegration of the empire. The aim of this study is to discuss modernization, which is one of the main research topics of sociology, in the context of the structural elements of the Ottoman Empire. The basic assumption of the study is that the interest of the Ottomans in modernization in the historical process was periodically and fragmented with the initiatives of the sultans. The fact that Ottoman modernization will be handled in a sociological context as well as the discipline of history is the most important factor that distinguishes this study from other studies in the literature and makes the article original.

Mediation in Resolving Disputes in the Energy Sector: An Assessment of Turkish and Global Practices

Kasım Uğur KARATAŞAbdülkadir AKIL — 2024-09-15

This study provides a comprehensive examination of the roles of mediation and arbitration processes in resolving disputes in the energy sector. Energy projects, characterized by large investments and long-term commitments, are prone to complex disputes. In this context, mediation and arbitration are frequently used alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods to amicably and legally settle disagreements between parties. The study highlights the advantages of mediation in the energy sector, such as speed, cost-effectiveness, and flexibility, while noting that arbitration offers more formal and binding decisions, which can sometimes be lengthy and expensive. Additionally, the international application of these methods is evaluated by comparing the Turkish example with global practices. Through the analysis of significant case studies and arbitration decisions, the effectiveness of mediation and arbitration processes in the energy sector and their impact on cooperation between parties are thoroughly discussed.

Textbook Analysis According to Different Readability Formulas: Middle School 8th Grade T.R. Revolution History and Kemalism Textbook Example

Çağrınur SAĞTuğba TURGUT ,Selahattin KAYMAKCI — 2024-09-15

Ensuring that the readability of these frequently used textbooks matches the students' levels is of great importance for cultivating individuals who internalize national and moral values. It is critical that the texts in these textbooks, which aim to nurture individuals who uphold the national and moral values of the Republic of Türkiye and convey Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’s life, principles, and reforms to future generations, are at a comprehensible level for students. From this point of view, the study aims to examine the readability of texts in the 8th-grade Turkish Republic Revolution History and Kemalism textbook (RHKT) using readability formulas. The research was conducted using document analysis within the scope of qualitative methodology. As data sources, three RHKT textbooks, two from a private publisher and one from the Ministry of National Education, were used. The Flesch Readability Formula, McLaughlin SMOG Readability Formula, Gunning Fog Index, and Ateşman Readability Formula were employed to analyze the texts in the textbooks. The study found that, according to the readability formulas, the readability levels of the analyzed textbooks were high. In this context, it is recommended that the readability levels of texts in textbooks be prepared in accordance with the reading levels of the target audience.

Rockefeller Foundation, Bogazici University And Agricultural Development Projects: 1970-1980

Ali ERKEN — 2024-09-15

This article aims to examine the Rockefeller Foundation's involvement in agricultural development in Turkey. In particular, it deals with the training program at Boğaziçi University. The Rockefeller Foundation dealt with different fields of activities in Republican Turkey and some of these have been examined so far. The Rockefeller investment in agriculture become more globalized after 1950 and Turkey was one of these program countries. The Rockefeller aid to the wheat and corn production projects started in the 1960s but gradually increased in the 1970s. Officers stressed that the improvement in infrastructure would not be enough for the efficient use of available sources, and that personnel in the field need to be trained in that regard. This would also involve the efficient use and management of public resources. Thus, the relevant Rockefeller project in Turkey was entitled as “public management”. The Foundation officers approached Bogazici University to act as a local partner and the university’s academic staff took place in the program seminars. Throughout the project, local bureaucrats worked together with American experts. Political developments during the Cold War also impacted the processes and their outputs. Based on a careful examination of Rockefeller archives, this article contributes to the study of agricultural modernization and development.

A Different View of Intellectuals: Addressing Cemı̇l Meriç Through Cemı̇l Merı̇ç Critical Intellectual Approach

Büşra DUMANDilşad Türkmenoğlu Köse — 2024-09-15

The aim of the research is to present a different evaluation through Cemil Meriç's view of intellectuals, taking into account the development of the concept of intellectual both in Türkiye and in the world. The first part of the study, which consists of three parts in total, deals with the concept of intellectual in general. In the second part, Meriç's life and his view on the concept of intellectuals are discussed. In the last part, it is tried to express at which points Meriç criticizes the intellectual and what he takes issue with about the intellectual. The study is based on a qualitative research and the ideas Meriç presents for both western and eastern intellectuals are analyzed comparatively. While making these examinations, document analysis was utilized and historical-descriptive analysis method was used. As a result of the analysis, multiple meanings attributed to the concept of intellectual were tried to be gathered under a common roof. In addition, the concept of intellectual and the world of ideas related to the concept of intellectual were evaluated in Meriç. It is thought that the study will contribute to the literature in terms of Meriç's critical approaches to the concept of intellectual and intellectuals.

The Potential of Mango, One of The Tropical Fruit Trees, for Open Field Cultivation: The Case of Antalya Province

Sıracettin GÖZALANSevda COŞKUN ,Muhammet ÖZTEKİNCİ — 2024-09-15

Many tropical plant species have been added to Turkiye's agricultural product pattern in recent years. With the increase in recognition and consumption need, production trials have been carried out in our country to meet the demand in the domestic market with local production. It has been seen that many tropical plant species can be grown in open areas and under cover, especially in the Mediterranean coastal band. There is a need for research to meet the increasing demand for tropical fruits in the domestic market with domestic production instead of imports. Based on this idea, mango, which is one of the tropical fruits with a high level of recognition in Turkiye, constitutes the subject scope of the research, while the field scope was selected as Antalya Province in the Mediterranean Region. Within the framework of this scope, it was aimed to determine the potential of mango, which is one of the tropical fruits with increasing consumption demand in our country, to grow in open areas in the scale of Antalya Province in terms of climate. The research is based on the results of pairwise comparison of monthly average temperature, monthly average minimum temperature, daily and extreme minimum temperature values measured in Antalya Province and threshold temperature values of mango plant. As a result of the study, when the temperature requirements of the mango plant and the daily minimum temperature frequencies and extreme minimum temperatures measured at the meteorological stations in Antalya Province are analyzed, it is understood that there is no potential for efficient mango cultivation in open areas in Antalya Province. Considering the temperature trends, the minimum temperature values of the last period, in which the year 2000 was taken as the beginning, indicate that the unsuitable growing environment continues.

DIFFERENCES IN CAREER COMMITMENT AND CAREER SATISFACTION BETWEEN SHIFT AND TYPICAL WORK IN ORGANIZATIONS

Uygar ÖZTÜRK — 2024-09-15

The responsibility of career management is gradually shifting from organizations to individuals every day. With this transition, what employees think about their careers within the framework of individual career planning becomes increasingly important. The employment structure is also transforming in parallel with career management. Particularly in the service sector, businesses employ staff on shifts to achieve their goals more efficiently. Understanding the career perceptions of shift workers, a growing segment of the workforce has become more critical. The research stands out from other studies by analyzing a sample group that has worked in both types of employment (typical and shift). Within this scope, the study aims to understand whether shift work impacts career commitment and career satisfaction. In this context, the study's sample group consists of individuals who have previously worked on shifts and later as typical employees. The research was conducted using quantitative research methods with a survey approach. Paired sample t-tests and correlation analysis were performed to test the study's hypotheses. The study results indicate that the levels of career commitment and career satisfaction are significantly higher in typical employment compared to shift work.

Investigation of Azerbaijan Health Tourism Potential

Hakkı ÇILGINOĞLU — 2024-09-15

In recent years, health tourism has become an important sector in terms of both meeting the health needs of individuals and increasing tourism revenues. This study aims to examine the potential of Azerbaijan in the field of health tourism in detail. Azerbaijan is a country with a significant potential for health tourism. The country's geographical location, rich medical resources and modern health infrastructure provide a competitive advantage in the national and international health tourism market. In addition, the quality of Azerbaijan's medical staff and the compliance of health services with international standards also increase the potential for health tourism. This study uses various methods to analyze the current state of health tourism in Azerbaijan. Literature review, examination of existing health tourism projects and policies, and assessments based on expert opinions were used to identify Azerbaijan's strengths and areas for improvement in the field of health tourism. The findings of the study reveal that Azerbaijan has significant potential in health tourism. However, some important steps need to be taken for the country to become more internationally competitive. These include creating strategic plans for health tourism promotion and marketing, improving health tourism infrastructure and service quality, increasing compliance with international standards, and training medical personnel at the international level. In conclusion, Azerbaijan's health tourism potential is great and can be further developed with the right strategies. This study was conducted to understand the country's current situation in the field of health tourism and to provide a basic roadmap for future development. In this context, further research and efforts are needed to fully exploit Azerbaijan's potential in health tourism and to achieve greater international recognition and competitiveness.

Moneychangers and Money Changing in the Sanjak of Maraş in the 19th Century

Yeliz KANTAR — 2024-09-15

Moneychangers, who were involved in commercial life in the Ottoman Empire, are top of the main topics that need to be researched in order to understand the economic history. Because moneychangers can be considered as the representatives or make a commitment intermediaries of the people who own the iltizam, mukataa or malikane with which the government is the primary degree interlocuter in terms of tax collection. The obligation of backwoods administrators to show a moneychanger as a guarantor for tax farming caused the moneychangers to become more important both in the eyes of the state and in the eyes of the backwoods administrators. However, it is seen that moneychangers to ensure loans in return for a certain interest to those who requested them within the Ottoman Empire, in the periods when the banking mechanism was not yet established. In this context, it is certain that researching the money changers will provide an understanding of the role effectiveness they play in the economy of both the sanjaks and the government, their degree of wealth, and the penetration this wealth brings to the moneychangers. The purpose of the research is to determine the activities of the moneychangers who are included in the economic system of the state, locally in the Maraş Sanjak. The study will contribute to the literature in terms of the fact that a detailed study based on archival documents regarding the moneychangers operating in the Maraş Sanjak has not been carried out, observing the moneychanging activities in the region, and providing the opportunity to compare with existing and future research on other states and sanjaks of the Ottoman Empire. While conducting the research, studies obtained from the literature as well as the classification, document analysis and transcription of documents obtained from the Ottoman Archives has been used.

Determining The Opinions of Primary School Mathematics Teachers about Common Exams

Hasan BAKIRCIBedran KOÇAK — 2024-09-15

This study aims to examine primary school mathematics teachers' thoughts about common exam practice. The study was carried out with the phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research designs. The participants of the research consist of twelve mathematics teachers working in the province of Van in the 2023-2024 academic year. The teachers participating in the study work in public schools. Participants were selected according to easily accessible sampling, one of the purposeful sampling methods. The data of the research were collected with a semi-structured interview form consisting of six questions and the obtained data were analyzed by content analysis method. Teachers stated some positive results of the common examination practice as well as its limitations. Teachers explain the positive aspects of the exam; They expressed that the same questions are asked to everyone, equal measurement is made, the difficulty levels of the questions are different, equal competition is provided between students, and student success is evaluated objectively. On the other hand, teachers stated the limitations of common exams as ignoring local needs, negative impact on student motivation, deepening inequalities of opportunity in education and test anxiety. They interpreted these limitations as meaning that the exam could not be fair. Based on these results, the Ministry of National Education taking more teacher opinions when making education-training policies and decisions can ensure that such practices are more participatory and inclusive.

The Effect of The Meaningfulness of The Job on Job Performance, Intention to Leave and Cyberloafing: A Field Research on Professionals

Burcu ERŞAHANİSMAİL BAKAN ,Gülistan BAYTOK ,Rüstem KELEŞ — 2024-09-15

In this study, it was aimed to examine the effect of the perception of the meaningfulness of the on job performance, intention to leave and cyberloafing. However, the fact that there is no study that deals with the research variables together constitutes the original value of the study and the reason for contributing to the literatüre. In line with the purpose of the research data was obtained from 312 professionals working in Malatya province. In the first part of the study, theoretical information about the concepts in question was given and then the relationship levels between the erception of meaningfulness of the work, which is the main variable of the study and the variables of job performance intention to quit and cyberloafing were tested by correlation analysis. Determination of the effect level of the variables on each other was tested by regression analysis. İn addition, explanatory factor analysis was conducted to reveal the structural validity and factor structure of the scales of the variables(AFA). According to the results of the analysis of the data there is a negative significant relationship between teh meaningfulness of the intention to leave: It was determined that there was a significant and positive relationship between the meaningfulness of the work performed and the job performance variable. A weak and statistically significant reationship was detected between the meaningfulness of the work done and the cbyerloafing variable.