Tarih Okulu Dergisi, Year 2024 Issue LXXIII

Application Areas of Logical Reasoning

Dilek BAŞARER — 2025-01-09

Logical reasoning is the process of deriving a new conclusion from a set of propositions using the principles of logic. Essentially, logical reasoning, based on drawing correct conclusions from correct propositions, is a fundamental tool for improving individuals' ability to organize information, reach correct conclusions and solve problems. A study was planned because the effective use of this concept can help individuals increase their personal and professional success in the development and application of logical reasoning skills. Thus, it is aimed aims to see what the application areas of logical reasoning are and how these application areas they will help people today. For this purpose, the basic principles of logical reasoning are examined, and it is how logical reasoning can be used in many areas, from daily life to scientific research. As a result of the study, logical reasoning, developing algorithms, designing programming languages, creating artificial intelligence systems, performing legal analysis, drawing legal conclusions, proving theorems, solving mathematical problems, testing hypotheses, analyzing data, drawing scientific conclusions and various problems encountered in daily life. It turned out to be effective in solving problems.

A Study on the Form of the Narrating with the Methods of al-Taḥammul and al-Adā’ of the Copies of Ḥadīt̲h̲ Collections in al-Andalus in the 6th Hijrī Century: The Example of Ibn Bashkuwāl

Emine ERDOĞAN MARSAK — 2025-01-09

In the 6/12th century, Andalusia made its presence felt as a geography where collections of ḥadīt̲h̲ texts, sciences and commentaries were clustered. In particular, the capital, Cordoba, was a place where journeys were made with the aim of obtaining different copies of the works and obtaining ijāza from the most competent ḥadīt̲h̲ scholars. Ibn Bashkuwāl is one of the important ḥadīt̲h̲ narrators who obtained copies of the ḥadīt̲h̲ works produced in the region through various al-taḥammul methods and passed them on to his students, and whom we encounter as the narrator of the works in later period sources. The way he acquired ḥadīt̲h̲ texts and collections of their procedures from his teachers and transferred them to his students constitute the subject of this study. Its purpose is to interpret with concrete data, specific to the narrator of the work, whether the opinion of being reliable and famous, which has become widespread among ḥadīt̲h̲ scholars regarding the copies of the copyrighted works, was deemed sufficient by ḥadīt̲h̲ scholars in a place and time where political internal turmoil and wars were frequent. For this purpose, the copies obtained and transmitted by Ibn Bashkuwāl was classified as a collection of ḥadīt̲h̲ texts and procedures, and the narration styles between his teachers and students as the narrator of the work were emphasized. The information obtained shows that the fact that the copy was reliable and famous was not considered sufficient for the transfer of works in Andalusia in a period of war and civil unrest. Because the ḥadīt̲h̲ scholars recorded the copies of the science of ḥadīt̲h̲ carefully and meticulously using different al-taḥammul and al-adā’ methods.

HOW POLITICAL LEADERS STAGE THEMSELVES ON TWITTER? PERSONAL BRANDING PRACTICES ON SOCIAL MEDIA

Lale Barçın AKA — 2025-01-09

Branding, which is an important and comprehensive subject in the marketing and communication literature, has become an increasingly important concept not only for products and services but also for people in recent years. Today, with technological developments, it is possible to talk about the concept of brand in every field, from products to cities, from cities to people. With the introduction of social media into our lives and playing an active role in the daily lives of individuals, it has become a tool for reaching and interacting with almost every segment of people in society and providing awareness. As in many fields, in the field of political communication, it is seen that political leaders benefit from basic concepts related to branding and marketing such as image, identity, awareness and loyalty in the personal branding process. In today's world, the use of the internet and social media, which can be more effective in reaching the target audience in addition to traditional communication tools, is increasing remarkably. This study aims to analyse the Twitter usage practices of the leaders of five political parties in terms of personal branding. The leaders of Justice and Development Party (AKP), National Movement Party (MHP), Republican People’s Party (CHP), People's Equality and Democracy Party (DEM), Good Party (İyi), the three weeks of March 2024 tweets are investigated with quantitative content analysis method. In this direction, the research includes topics such as the type of the tweet of the political party leaders, their function, with whom they communicate, and the title of the topics. As a result of the study, it was determined that political party leaders actively use Twitter and generally include political activities in their posts, attach importance to special days and congratulatory messages, but the features of social media that allow for two-way communication are not used by political party leaders, and generally one-way posts are shared.

Investigation of Psychometric Properties of Attachment Styles Scale Short Form

Metin ÇELİKNuri TÜRK — 2025-01-09

This study aimed to adapt the Attachment Styles Scale Short Form to Turkish culture. In order to perform the validity and reliability analyses of the scale, 374 university students were reached by convenience sampling method. Attachment Styles Scale Short Form, Life Satisfaction Scale and Fear of Happiness Scale were used as data collection tools. According to the results of the reliability analyses of the Attachment Styles Scale Short Form, Cronbach's alpha values were .76 for secure attachment, .76 for anxious attachment and .83 for avoidant attachment. Furthermore, the good level of item discrimination index values ensured that the internal validity of the scale was strong. According to the results of CFA conducted to ensure the construct validity of the scale, the model fit values were at an acceptable level. Item factor loadings were found to be between .45 and .83 for secure attachment, .47 and .75 for anxious attachment and .67 and .79 for avoidant attachment. Besides, the results of convergent-divergent validity and measurement invariance analyses diversified and expanded the method of the study. According to the results of criterion validity, secure attachment has negative significant relationships with fear of happiness and positive significant relationships with life satisfaction. Anxious and avoidant attachment had negative significant relationships with life satisfaction and positive significant relationships with fear of happiness. Consequently, Attachment Styles Scale Short Form, which was adapted, can be said to be a valid and reliable measurement tool in the Turkish sample.

The Need for a Central Institution in Public Personnel Management: Transition from the State Personnel Directorate to the New System

Nurettin BİLMEZHasan AKAY — 2025-01-09

In 1960, a centralized structure was established to ensure the direction, administration and coordination of the public personnel regime. The need expressed in various administrative reform efforts resulted in the establishment of the State Personnel Office. In 1984, the organization was reorganized as the Directorate of State Personnel and was closed in 2019 following the transition to the Presidential Government System. With the closure of this institution, there was a vacuum of a central organization in the field of public personnel regime and confusion as to which organization would fill this vacuum. Between 2018 and 2021, there was a multi-actor structure in the public personnel regime. However, with a legal arrangement made in 2021, it was decided that the duties and responsibilities previously fulfilled by the State Personnel Directorate would be carried out by the Directorate General of Personnel and Principles under the Presidential Administrative Affairs Presidency. With this change, it is claimed that the role of being the central actor in the public personnel regime has been given to the Directorate General of Personnel and Principles and this change has created a number of problem areas in the public personnel regime. The aim of this study is to clarify the role of the Directorate General of Personnel and Principles in the public personnel regime and to discuss what kind of contribution it will make to the solution of problems in the field of public personnel within the new system. In conclusion, the Directorate General of Personnel and Principles seems to be far from meeting the need for a central institution in the public personnel regime. The fact that the directorate's duties are not limited to public personnel management also negatively affects its performance.

Religious and Sufi Elements in Ahmed-i Rıdvan’s Rıdvaniyye

Sıtkı NAZİKAbdulsamet DEMİRBAĞ — 2025-01-09

Classical Turkish literature representatives have established a bond with society through the works they wrote, acting as interpreters of the people’s language. One of the important verse forms of classical literature, generally known with qasida and ghazals, has been masnavi. One type of masnavi, evaluated under different titles based on their subjects, is the religious and moral masnavi. For instance, the work Rıdvaniyye by Ahmed-i Rıdvan, the 15-16th century poet, this is in category. Unlike the thematic unity observed in the poet’s other masnavis, Rıdvaniyye consists of independent topics, primarily with religious and mystical characteristics. Elements and concepts such as “monotheism, faith, worship, etiquette, repentance, patience, acceptance, praise, gratitude, love, the self” and so on are identified in the work. Ahmed-i Rıdvan drew attention to several religious and sufi issues with these issues he dealt with. Therefore, this study is significant in revealing how the poet addresses elements and concepts related to religion and, consequently, mysticism, which directly concern people. The entire work was examined in the study and some of the couplets with religious and Sufi content in the work were given as examples. The selected couplets from the work were explained through an annotation method based on their meaning. Thus, it has been concluded that Rıdvaniyye has a wide variety of concepts/elements from a religious and Sufi point of view, and these are mostly used in work to reflect the religious and Sufi content.

Acoustic Investigation of Vocal Registers and Vowel Relationship with Vocal Registers

Serkan OTACIOĞLU — 2025-01-09

One of the most important concepts that must be known for a healthy voice training is the concept of register. The correct perception of this concept, which is extremely important for practicing and developing a voice holistically, is vital for the best execution of the training. In this context, a good perception of registers not only guides us in deciding what type of voice the voice is, but it is also extremely important in deciding which register is the problem or what kind of strategy should be used to create the singer’s potential vocal range. In line with this importance, the aim of this study is to present the studies that have been carried out for the correct perception of the voice register as a whole. In order to critically and holistically examine the literature on voice register, the scientific review method was used as the research model in this study. The results of the research show that there are many methods for combining registers, but the most common techniques to date are “vowel alternation” and “muscle strengthening”. For healthy singing, it is useful to consider registers both physiologically and acoustically. Since registers are associated with both the vocal cords and the resonator region, voice trainers approach register consolidation in different ways. Although today it is considered more important to approach the concept and formation of registers physiologically, it is extremely important to perceive the concept of register acoustically and to examine the relationship between vowels and registers in order to prevent register isolation and to combine registers.

Anatolian Railway Line According to Von Kamphoevener Pasha’s Report

Tuğba ÖZDOĞAN — 2025-01-09

In parallel with the increase in foreign trade capacity after the Tanzimat, the idea of railway construction came to the agenda in the 1850s. Economic conditions brought the idea of foreign capital to the agenda in the construction of railways. Unlike the highways built with Ottoman capital, foreign capital predominates in railway construction. Although there was intense competition between England, France and Germany in the railway concession, the Germans came to the fore especially in the Anatolian railway line. II. During his reign, Abdulhamid appealed to the German State regarding the reform of the army, as in many other issues, and asked them for military experts. This request of the Sultan was accepted by the Germans and accordingly, many military experts were sent to the Ottoman Empire. Among those who came from Germany, there were many names, including Infantry Captain Louis von Kamphoevener Pasha. He stands out as an important name who served in the Ottoman army for many years. Pasha prepared many instructions and presented them to the Ottoman sultan. When he finished his service in the Ottoman army, II. He asked permission from Abdulhamid and traveled along the Anatolian railway line, which he attached great importance to, and presented what he saw, observed and his humble recommendations during this trip to the sultan in the form of a report. In this report, which is extremely remarkable in terms of Ottoman institutions; The situation of the Ottoman people in the villages, towns and cities through which the line passed, what kind of work they were engaged in, the operation of the railway line, the earnings obtained from this line, how the grain grown in Anatolia was exported by railway transportation, the earnings this provided to the Ottoman Empire, the civil servants working on this line. A wide range of information is included, such as who was elected, the roads and highways, the condition of the forests, the state of the industry in the Ottoman Empire, the military importance of the railways, and how the mines could be made profitable and exported through this line. In this report, Kamphoevener did not only write down what he observed, but also made recommendations regarding the issues he focused on. In this study, Kamphoevener Pasha, who served in the Ottoman army for many years as a German military expert, wrote about the Anatolian Railway Line and talked about Sultan II. By discussing the report he submitted to Abdulhamid, we will try to shed light on what kind of contribution this line made to the socio-economic level of the Ottoman Empire.

A Qualitative Assessment of the “Türkiye Century” Education Model (TYMM) Curricula

Şaban BERKBayram ÖZER — 2025-01-09

Curricula, which serve as a compass within the education system, provide a framework for determining what students will learn, how they will learn it, to what extent, and in what sequence. Like other elements of the education system, curricula have a dynamic structure and must be improved or updated periodically in light of scientific research findings. The curricula developed within the scope of the Türkiye Century Education Model (TYMM) largely maintain the content of the courses, with certain topics added or removed, representing an effort in curriculum improvement. However, from the perspective of the paradigm shift presented, the curricula developed within the scope of the Türkiye Century Education Model constitute a curriculum transformation, even though much of the content remains unchanged. In this study, the curricula within the scope of the Türkiye Century Education Model, which were suspended on April 26, 2024, and announced as approved by the ministry on May 27, 2024, were evaluated. The analysis examined the rationale, objectives, philosophy, student profile, value model, skills, and literacies of the program individually. Based on the findings of this analysis, observations were made, and recommendations were provided for areas identified as deficient. The study was designed using the case study design, one of the qualitative research approaches. The main findings are as follows: The curricula prepared within the framework of TYMM have a strong rationale and a solid philosophical foundation. The preparation process largely considered individual, societal, international, scientific, and technological developments. It differs from previous curricula by emphasizing individual differences and aiming to impart literacy skills through the programs. However, the knowledge, interest, and readiness levels of teachers, who are the implementers of the program, as well as the current resources and infrastructure of educational institutions, are assessed as potential challenges to the effective implementation of the program.

Digital Literacy Levels of Vocational School Students: The Case of Giresun University

Yusuf YURDİGÜLCevdet LELOĞLU — 2025-01-09

The study aims to determine the digital literacy levels of students attending Vocational Schools within Giresun University. For this purpose, 415 questionnaires obtained through convenience sampling using the Digital Literacy Scale developed by Narmanlıoğlu and Bayrakcı were analyzed in the study. The findings revealed that the digital literacy levels of Vocational School students are at the “medium” level. At the intermediate level, participants further their understanding of the digital world by solving familiar and simple problems related to digital literacy. Demographic findings revealed that digital literacy differed significantly by sex and that male students had higher digital literacy levels than female students in some sub-dimensions of the scale. Social and Technical Sciences students differed positively from Health Sciences students in some sub-dimensions. No significant difference was found among the participants in the categories of age, grade, type of education and having internet at home. Another noteworthy finding was that students with the highest household income had higher levels of knowledge and application skills in hardware, software and networking than students with the lowest household income.

Turkish Miniature Art Influences on Erol Akyavaş's Paintings

Mehmet ÖNALKerim LAÇİNBAY ,Meliha YILMAZ — 2025-01-09

The aim of this study is to reveal the effects of Turkish Miniature Art in the paintings of Erol Akyavaş, one of the Contemporary Turkish Painters. The research is limited to four works of the artist in the "Castles" series. In this research, qualitative method was used and the data was obtained by literature review and work review method. As a result of the research, it was seen that the works of Ottoman miniature artists Matrakçı Nasuh and Asafi constitute a rich resource for Akyavaş in terms of color, stain, form, perspective understanding, composition and style. Akyavaş also used the topographic miniature features that Matrakçı Nasuh used in his miniatures. It has been seen that his paintings, which feature castle walls and mountains, do not include human figures, and are based on the construction of architectural elements, are inspired by Matrakçı Nasuh's geographical and settlement descriptions, as well as the general features of the miniatures. This style adopted by Akyavaş, who creates new compositions by geometrizing elements such as ramparts, walls, bastions, clouds and mountains, and using them side by side and intertwined, can be considered as the meeting of traditional miniature art and modern art. In one of Akyavaş's works examined within the scope of the research, it was concluded that he was inspired by Asafi's miniature, especially in terms of object choice, use of form and composition setup. Akyavaş, who made original interpretations in his own understanding of art by benefiting from the technical knowledge of Western art and drawing on history and traditional sources, focused on architectural forms and brought geometric fictions to the fore in his works, and brought together miniature and modern art with this compositional order.

Investigation of the Attitudes of Religious Culture and Ethics Teachers to Use Digital Games in Religious Education

Gülşen ÖZERENDavud IŞIKDOĞAN — 2025-01-09

In the study, it was aimed to determine the attitudes of religious culture and moral knowledge teachers regarding the use of digital games in religious education. For this purpose, scanning model was chosen as the method in the research. The universe of the research consists of religious culture and moral knowledge teachers working in public secondary and high schools in the province of Elazig in the 2022-2023 academic year. The sample of the study consists of 220 teachers who were determined from the universe by “Simple Random Sampling”. In the study, the “Utilization of Digital Games Scale” was used as a data collection tool to determine the attitudes of religious culture and ethics teachers regarding the use of digital games in religious education. The research data collected with the specified data collection tools were analyzed using parametric tests. In the study, it was determined that teachers' attitudes towards using digital games were not very high. In addition, it was determined in the study that teachers' attitudes towards using digital games differed significantly according to gender, age, professional seniority and type of school.

Language Policy in the Republican Period (1923-1938)

Erol TOPAL — 2025-01-09

The survival of a nation and a state is only possible by protecting and developing its language. For this reason, states should have certain language policies and carry out studies in the light of these policies. These studies carried out by states will make them more effective in the international arena. Turkish, one of the most ancient languages of the world, has maintained its existence in every period based on the indestructible will of the Turkish nation. However, no significant studies on the Turkish language were carried out by the state until the Republican period. In some periods, Turkish language even remained in the second plan. There is no connection between the language understanding of the Republican period and the previous periods, except for some simplification efforts. During the Republican period, the state's sensitivity to language reached the highest level, and important studies were carried out on Turkish, especially in the 1930s, in order for Turkish to see the value it deserves among the world languages. The adoption of the Turkish alphabet based on Latin letters, the establishment of the Turkish Language Institution, compilations of Anatolian dialects and language congresses are the most important of these studies. These are comprehensive language studies that include a series of measures to pave the way for the development of Türkiye Turkish and to eliminate the blockage in the past. In this study, after briefly mentioning the pre-Republican language studies, the adoption of the alphabet, the I. II. III. Language Congress, the decisions taken in these studies, the theses put forward and the Sun Language Theory are discussed in detail based on first-hand sources.

A Conceptual Evaluation on Digital Diaspora

Fahriye Aytolu KARAAyşe Aslı Sezgin BÜYÜKALACA — 2025-01-09

As the frequency of use of digital technologies in daily life increases, the problem of people who must emigrate from their country not losing their identities in the countries, they go to has also come to the fore. The issue of identity remains important for modern and nation states. In the age of communication, the phenomenon of international migrations has led to the development of identity politics across borders. In parallel with this, the tendency towards diasporic groups has increased among young group who have migrated to other countries in order not to lose their culture identities and religions. This study, academic studies on digital diaspora were examined using the bibliometric method. In the study, the Web of science database was visualised with the Voswiewer program and information about bibliometric was interpreted. The data of 500 research articles containing the concepts of “digital diaspora” published in the journal whose Web of Science data were scanned were analysed by the “Bibliometric Analysis” method. As a result of the study, studies on the concept of “digital diaspora” were scanned in detail in the database. It was observed that the first studies were carried out in 2000 and there were very few publications on the subject. It has been determined that studies have increased since 2010 and the most publication were made in 2022. When the countries that published the most were examined, it was concluded that the USA ranked first, and developed countries such as the United Kingdom ranked second. This research is important in terms of contributing to future literature studies.

Traditional Children's Games and Functions of Duzce Region

Özlem ŞAHİN — 2025-01-09

People have been playing games since the day they appeared on the stage of history. Many children's games played today date back to ancient times. Children's games are culturally specific and are among the intangible cultural heritage elements that have been passed down through generations and have survived to this day. Children's games are among the social and cultural values of a society and are very functional. Children learn about life through their relationships and gain awareness of national culture. Today, traditional children's games are disappearing due to reasons such as urbanization and apartment culture. It is important to compile traditional children's games, which are a reflection of cultural forms established in the memory of the society, in order not to be erased from the public memory and to be transferred. In order to prevent the traditional children's games played in Düzce from being erased from cultural memory, this study was aimed to identify them, create a day view and transfer them to new generations. Comparisons of the compiled games were also evaluated, with the fact that the sufficiency of the compilation alone was also required in the reports. In the study, a total of 59 games, including 30 main games containing 58 sources and those related to treatment, were compiled, introduced and evaluated from a mutual perspective, using the combining method, one of the field research methods. As a result of the evaluation, it was determined that some of the traditional children's games played in the Düzce region were games played in various Turkish communities from ancient times to the present day, and that some of them have survived to the present day by undergoing changes. However, it has been observed that most of the games are the same as those in other regions of Turkey. It has been determined that some games have differences in naming, although the way they are played is the same. In Düzce, which has a wide ethnic diversity, no parallel difference has been detected in children's games. This shows the unifying aspect of children's games. As a result, it was concluded that games are still played, although less frequently than in the past, and Düzce is in an important position in terms of the transmission and continuity of traditional children's games. In addition, the games meet the four functions of folklore in Bacom's model; It has been observed that it is functional in providing social, cultural, physical, linguistic, cognitive and affective skills that will shape the child's life.

A Comparative Investigation of Quantitative Elements Composing Texts in Secondary School Turkish Textbooks at the Same Grade Level and Across Grades

Berfin AKERMuhammet MEMİŞ — 2025-01-09

In this study, it is aimed to examine the consistency of the number of words, the number of sentences and the average number of words in sentences of the consecutive texts in secondary school Turkish textbooks at the same grade level and comparatively between grades. In the study, case study design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. A total of 64 texts, including 2 consecutive texts from each theme in the 5th grade Turkish textbook of Koza Publishing House used in the 2023-2024 academic year and the 6th, 7th and 8th grade Turkish textbooks prepared by MEB (MoNE in English) publications, constitute the examination conducted within the scope of the research. According to the analysis, it was concluded that the quantitative elements of the texts did not show a consistent increase when analyzed comparatively at the same grade level and between grades. Based on the results, it is suggested that secondary school Turkish textbooks at the same grade level and across grades should be organized in a way to show a consistent increase in terms of the quantitative elements that make up the text, criteria that take into account the quantitative elements in the selection of texts prepared for Turkish textbooks should be established and a separate title should be opened in the directive of the Board of Education in terms of the quantitative elements that make up the text.

THE REFLECTION OF COVID-19 IN LITERARY WORKS: THE SAMPLE OF SHORT STORY

Muhammed Fatih SAYIRNurullah AYDIN — 2025-01-09

Although it is not on the agenda these days, COVID-19 affected the whole world between 2020 and 2022. This disease, which spread to the whole world in a short time and turned into a pandemic, was an extraordinary experience for humanity. Restriction decisions taken by governments, use of masks, social distance, and various hygiene rules entered our lives with COVID-19. COVID-19 caused many people to lose their lives, and because of the social and economic difficulties during pandemic people had difficult times. It is very possible that this disease, which affected all areas of life, also have reflections in literary works. In this study, The 2021 Story Yearbook of Edebiyat Ortamı magazine published in Türkiye was examined in this context. In the study, document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. While examining the story yearbook, the characteristics of the COVID-19 disease and its effects on society were taken into consideration. In the story yearbook, which contains 78 stories published in different literary magazines in 2020, it has been seen that there are 5 stories referring to COVID-19. These stories are Gelip Geçenin Sözü, Zor Günler Daha Zor Geçer, Virüs, Korona Günleri, and Korona Günlükleri. In these stories, which were examined in terms of the reflections of COVID-19, it was determined that the authors handled different aspects of the pandemic in their works. The presence of five stories related to the COVID-19 pandemic in the relevant story yearbook can be considered as a sign that similar literary works may be written in the future.

The Effect of the Caliph-Sultan Conflict on the Struggle Against the Crusaders in the Last Periods of the Great Seljuks: The Reign of Melik Mahmud and its Aftermath

Abdülbaki BOZKURT — 2025-01-09

This study was prepared to reveal the impact of the political conflicts between the Seljuk rulers and the Abbâsîd caliphs in the last periods of the Great Seljuk State on the struggle of Muslims against the Crusader invasions that coincided with the same period. In the introduction of the study, the establishment and development of the first political relations between the Great Seljuk State and the Abbâsîd caliphate and finally the developments until the reign of Sultan Sanjar, who is the subject of the study, are summarized. After the summary, first the religious-political basis of the caliph-sultan conflict was mentioned with appropriate headings, and then detailed information about the subject of the study was given. The study covers some events starting from 1118, the year of Sultan Sencer's reign, until 1153, when the same sultan was captured by the Oghuzs. In this process, where the Abbâsîd caliphs were trying to regain their "world power", Melik Mahmud and Melik Mesud, especially the Iraqi Seljuk Rulers, became prominent sultans. It has been clearly seen that the up-and-down relations of both Sultan Sencer and the other mentioned sultans with the Abbâsîd caliphs negatively affected the fight against the Crusaders. In the study, along with the main sources, research works were also used. An attempt has been made to establish the connection between the Caliph-sultan conflicts and the struggle with the Crusaders, which is often not found in the main sources, by making use of research works. In this determined process, the focus was on events that could affect the majority of the Islamic world. In the text, in accordance with the chronological order, the conflicts between the caliph and the sultan were briefly mentioned, and then the effect of this conflict on the struggle with the Crusaders was mentioned.

Constructing Memory With Photography

Ayşe Ceren SOLMAZ — 2025-01-09

Photographs play an active role in the process of shaping and reconstructing memory. The fact that photography freezes “that moment”, can be looked back on, and refers to a certain time has something in common with human memory. Through images, it allows us to relive past experiences by reminding us of forgotten or difficult-to-remember memories. Photographs build a bridge between the past and the present by transferring personal and social memory. Photography holds an important place in people’s minds by acting as a memory in transferring the past to the present. This study aims to examine photography in the context of memory, and the meanings that artists attribute to the concept of photography, as well as the works of Walid Raad and Gillian Wearing. The study examines the role of photography in memory and the ways it is used in art using the qualitative research method and the meanings that artists attribute to the concept of photography. As a result of the examinations conducted on the artists’ works, it shows the effect of memory on reality and memory through photography, and how it is shaped and transformed in personal and social dimensions. Both artists emphasize the effect of photography on reality and memory, and invite the audience to question their own perceptions and beliefs of memory.

Historical Development of Sports for People with Disabilities

Bilal KARAKOÇNurullah Emir EKİNCİ ,İsmihan EKEN — 2025-01-09

The aim of this study is to provide information about the historical development of sports for the disabled in the world and Turkey by conducting a literature study on the historical development of sports for the disabled. A literature review was conducted to collect data. Articles, books, previous studies and organizations related to the historical development of sports for the disabled were examined. In addition, an internet search was also used. In the literature review conducted using keywords such as disability, history of the disabled, disabled people in the world, disabled people in Turkey, sports and Paralympic games, scientific articles, theses, reports and books in national and international academic databases were examined. In the data collection process, document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. In the analysis of the data, the collected data were analyzed using content analysis and thematic analysis methods. In this study, the data obtained from the literature review were collected under the themes of "Definition of disability", "Importance of sports for the disabled", "Sports for the disabled in the world", "Sports for the disabled in Turkey" and "History of sports for the disabled" using the content analysis method. Under each theme, information obtained from different sources was collated, similarities and differences were determined and this information was synthesized to reach the information. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the information collected under the determined themes in more depth. Thanks to this analysis, developments and similarities in different geographies regarding the historical development process of sports for the disabled were evaluated more clearly.

As a result of our study; it was evaluated that in ancient times and early historical periods, resources regarding sports for the disabled were very limited and that there was no awareness of sports for the disabled during this period. After the 19th century, developments regarding sports for the disabled were seen in the world, especially with the increase in the number of disabled people after the World Wars, sports began to be used for physical activity rehabilitation purposes, and in time, sports organizations for the disabled began to be organized. With the start of the Paralympic games, it was seen that awareness of sports for the disabled increased in the world and in Turkey. It was seen that the studies carried out in the field of sports for the disabled increased with the increase in the opportunities to be informed through television broadcasts and social media.

An Analysis of Political Developments in Turkey from the 1957 Elections to the May 27 Military Coup (1957-1960)

Bilal TUNÇBilal TUNÇ — 2025-01-09

The final stage of the process leading to the May 27th Military Coup took place with the developments after the 1957 elections. In this context, the 1957 elections, the fourth general election held after the transition to multi-party political life in Turkey, constituted an important place in Turkish political history. These elections, which should have been held in 1958 under normal circumstances, but were postponed a year early by the government, were held with the participation of many political parties. This election, which was held with a serious struggle by the ruling and opposition parties, paved the way for the re-formation of Turkey's political structure in terms of its results. In line with these explanations, this study has been prepared with a descriptive approach with the aim of revealing the state of the Turkish political structure between 1957 and 1960. In this context, the main purpose of this article is to reveal how important developments in the country after the 1957 elections affected Turkish politics in the light of scientific data. In line with this aim and objective, this study was created by making use of copyrighted works. Finally, this article is a qualitative study; document analysis technique was used here.

Comparing 2019 and 2024 Secondary School Turkish Curricula in the Context of Reading Skills

Elif AKTAŞAhmet Turan EŞ — 2025-01-09

Reading, which is a skill that the individual learns primarily at school and uses throughout life, has had an important place in the curricula since the Republic of Türkiye until today. In this study, it is aimed to introduce the elements of reading skill in the secondary school Turkish curricula of 2024 and 2019 with their similarities, differences and innovations. For this purpose, reading outcomes/learning outcomes, explanations and instructions in both programmes were examined and compared. Document analysis method was used to collect the data of the study designed with a qualitative design. The data were analysed using content analysis, one of the qualitative research methods. As a result of the research, it was determined that the 2024 TCC programme contains more learning outcomes, informative and narrative text types. In addition, a new practice called reading workshops was included in the 2024 programme, critical reading skills were tried to be developed, and it was aimed to make permanent improvements in reading comprehension skills.

Bibliometric Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility Literature: A General Evaluation

Emirhan YETİŞ — 2025-01-09

Within the scope of the study, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis was conducted to provide a broad perspective on “corporate social responsibility” research. To this end, studies in the Scopus database containing the keyword "corporate social responsibility" between 2014 and 2023 were searched, resulting in the identification of 2,623 articles. These articles were then analyzed using performance analysis and scientific mapping methods. The findings show that publication trends have been steadily increasing since 2014, with the highest publication productivity recorded in 2022. The journal "Sustainability (Switzerland)" published the most articles (482) and received the most citations (9,388) in the field of corporate social responsibility. The most productive country was China, with 498 articles, while the country with the highest impact in terms of citations was the United Kingdom, with 20,282 citations. In addition to the keyword "corporate social responsibility", other frequently used keywords include "Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)" (220), "Sustainability" (163), and "Corporate Governance" (105).

Indicative Mood in Necip Fazıl's Poetry Book ‘Çile’

Ferda Merve KARAMANOĞLUMehmet Malik BANKIR — 2025-01-09

Necip Fazıl Kısakürek, one of the most important figures in the history of Turkish literature, is one of the personalities who made a name for himself both during and after his time, and who has been the subject of various researches and studies on him and his works. His poetry book Çile has been analysed from various aspects of language and literature; however, no study has been conducted on tenses. Although there is a study on the modals of designing in Çile, since the tenses were not mentioned in that study, the issue of modality in Çile was considered to be revealed in this study, and the indicative moods / tenses in Çile were evaluated in terms of linguistics. As a result of the evaluation, it was seen that Necip Fazıl used the tenses in a way that coincides with the content of his thought. The simple present tense, which can be used instead of the past tense, past tense learnt, present tense and future tense, was the most frequently used news tense in terms of numerical value. In the study, while analysing the tenses, the point of view of linguistics and the other works of the poet were taken into consideration. These findings are categorised as items under each news mode. The classified items were exemplified by taking more examples from more examples and fewer examples from fewer examples according to the number of samples in the work.

Secondary School Mathematics Teachers' Awareness of the Curriculum and Their Evaluations on the Curriculum

Gözde KEÇELİBurcu DUMAN — 2025-01-09

In this study, secondary mathematics teachers' awareness of the curriculum and their evaluations of the curriculum were examined. In the study, single survey and relational survey models from quantitative research methods were used. The population of the study is secondary mathematics teachers working in nine central districts and seven school types in Ankara province in the 2022-2023 academic year. Stratified sampling method was used in sample selection. The sample of the study was 400 secondary mathematics teachers working in nine central districts and seven school types. The data were collected with curriculum awareness scale and curriculum evaluation scale. The data were analysed with SPSS package programme. As a result of the research, it was revealed that teachers' awareness of the curriculum was high and their evaluations of the curriculum were positive. Curriculum awareness and curriculum evaluations did not differ according to gender, school type, education level and seniority variables. It was found that there were generally positive and moderately significant relationships between teachers' awareness of the curriculum and their evaluations of the curriculum. It was determined that curriculum awareness explained 14.3% of the evaluations towards the curriculum.

War and Epidemic: Health Problems of the Turkish Army in the Korean War

Harun AYDIN — 2025-01-09

The Korean War (1950-1953) started as a conflict between North Korea and South Korea and later gained an international dimension. During the war, the Turkish Army served in Korea for about three years and faced various health problems during this period. The war conditions and harsh climate negatively affected the health status of the soldiers and led to the emergence of health problems such as venereal diseases, typhoid, trachoma, syphilis, malaria and nervous diseases. The treatment of diseases was carried out in hospitals in Korea, while medical personnel sent from Turkey contributed to the treatment processes. When health problems reached serious levels, soldiers were transferred to Turkey for more comprehensive treatment. In addition, various rallies were organized in Istanbul and Ankara to keep the morale of the military personnel high, and Turkish soldiers who were veterans in Korea were welcomed by various delegations and presented with gifts by the public. These events aimed to increase the morale of the soldiers and to provide social support. The press covered these processes extensively and informed the public opinion. In this study, the health problems experienced during the Korean War and the morale support activities for military personnel emphasized the importance of military health services and personnel support systems. The most important contribution to the study was provided by the Republic of Turkey Presidency of the Republic of Turkey State Archives Presidency, Ministry of National Defense Archives and Military History Department Archives (ATASE). Health-related archival sources were included in the study in a certain order. In addition to archival sources, national press, research and review works were also utilized

The Korean War (1950-1953) started as a conflict between North Korea and South Korea and later gained an international dimension. During the war, the Turkish Army served in Korea for about three years and faced various health problems during this period. The war conditions and harsh climate negatively affected the health status of the soldiers and led to the emergence of health problems such as venereal diseases, typhoid, trachoma, syphilis, malaria and nervous diseases. The treatment of diseases was carried out in hospitals in Korea, while medical personnel sent from Türkiye contributed to the treatment processes. When health problems reached serious levels, soldiers were transferred to Türkiye for more comprehensive treatment. In addition, various rallies were organized in Istanbul and Ankara to keep the morale of the military personnel high, and Turkish soldiers who were veterans in Korea were welcomed by various delegations and presented with gifts by the public. These events aimed to increase the morale of the soldiers and to provide social support. The press covered these processes extensively and informed the public opinion. In this study, the health problems experienced during the Korean War and the morale support activities for military personnel emphasized the importance of military health services and personnel support systems. The most important contribution to the study was provided by the Republic of Türkiye Presidency of the Republic of Türkiye State Archives Presidency, Ministry of National Defense Archives and Military History Department Archives (ATASE). Health-related archival sources were included in the study in a certain order. In addition to archival sources, national press, research and review works were also utilized.

An Evaluation on the Purposes of Use of Venus Figures

İnan YÜKSEL — 2025-01-09

The Venus figurines are among the most important finds that have survived from the earliest prehistoric times. Venus figurines are objects produced in sizes ranging from approximately 5 to 25 cm and can fit in the palm of your hand. They have a vast range, extending from west to east, from southwestern France to Russia and Siberia. Stone, bone, ivory, or limestone were used for the production of Venus figurines. The most well-known ones are the Venus of Hohle Fels and the Venus of Willendorf. These Venus figurines were undoubtedly magical for the people of the Paleolithic Age, who thought that they could benefit more from the abundance of nature by means of these statues they carried with them in nature. They are the earliest representatives of the “mother goddess” cult, which found a place in the religious beliefs of many civilizations that left their mark on the Ancient Age. According to some views, these figurines are not the first representatives of the Mother Goddess Cult but are various goddesses related to fertility. According to this view, Venus figurines are magical items used to help women get pregnant and protect the home. Some scientists have also suggested that Venus figurines were objects of a sexual nature.

Distribution of Population and Settlements According to the Elevation Zones in Shaki Rayon of Azerbaijan

Sabina ÇETİNKAYASaliha KODAY — 2025-01-09

The territory of the Shaki District of Azerbaijan is divided into three important areas according to the landforms: These areas are the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus, the Eğriçay Valley, and the Acınohur Foreland. The difference between the highest point of the province (Seyityurd 3689 m) and the lowest point (107 m on the shores of Lake Acınohur) is more than 3,500 meters. The large elevation difference in a short distance has enabled climate, soil, and plant diversity in the Rayon. It is seen that the population and settlements of the Rayon are also distributed differently according to the elevation steps. This study examined the population distribution and settlements in Sheki Rayon according to altitude levels. A mixed-design research method using both qualitative and quantitative data was used. First, elevation steps and settlements at each step were determined using Geographic Information Systems. The data obtained from the Azerbaijan Statistical Committee were evaluated and the distribution of the rayon's population according to altitude levels was analyzed. According to the data obtained, the population of Sheki Rayon was mainly concentrated in the altitude range of 500 meters to 1000 meters. Although areas with an altitude of less than 500 meters constitute 67% of the rayon's surface area, it has been determined that only 36% of the rayon's population lives at this altitude. It has been observed that 13% of the population lives in areas over 1000 meters. It has been determined that the settlements are not evenly distributed and there is no linear relationship between the number of settlements and the population. Although the number of settlements in the mountainous terrain is low, the population in these settlements is higher, while the population is lower in the flat terrains although there are many settlements. As a result, it has been determined that the region's physical, human, and economic geographical features play an important role in the distribution of population and settlements in Sheki Rayon.

Determination of Preschool Teachers' Views on Algorithmic Thinking Skills

Uğur EPÇAÇANZehra BEYAZYÜZ — 2025-01-09

An algorithm is a set of sequences that effectively and clearly defines the order of the data to be processed and has clear starting and ending points. Algorithmic thinking skills, on the other hand, refer to the ability to perform operations in a certain order and timing, to solve a specific problem step by step and to think systematically. This study was aimed to determine the views of preschool teachers on algorithmic thinking skills. The study, in which focus group interview technique, one of the qualitative research techniques, was used, was selected by purposeful sampling and 11 preschool teachers working in a kindergarten participated in the study. During the interview, five semi-structured questions were asked to the participants and the interview was sound recorded. In order to analyse the data, the interview recording was first transcribed, and then codes and themes were determined using content analysis. According to the results obtained, it can be mentioned that algorithmic thinking skills have positive effects in teaching skills in general, in problem solving processes, both in the academic field and in daily life. Although algorithmic thinking skills are primarily preferred in science and mathematics activities, it is possible to say that they are also used in activities in other discipline areas. It has been determined that providing algorithmic thinking skills to preschool children contributes to the development in all other areas, primarily in the field of cognitive development. In order for teachers to be more competent in algorithmic thinking skills, the participants demanded support for informative training activities and to eliminate the deficiencies in educational materials and technological resources. It was concluded that the inclusion of algorithmic thinking skills in the pre-school education programme will pave the way for more conscious practices in teaching and the development of a generation with advanced cognitive skills. According to these results, some suggestions were made.

Sustainability in the Context of Brand and Cultural Components and Environmental Graphic Design Solutions in Physical Spaces

Tarık YAZAR — 2025-01-09

Brands are known as the basic tools that leave a mark on the minds of consumers. The visible side of brands is called visual identity. Culture is effective in the formation of visual identity. Environmental graphic designs play an important role in effectively conveying corporate visual identity. Environmental graphic design is a type of design that includes interior and exterior design, landscape architecture, industrial design, urban planning and behavioral psychology. Environmental graphic design solutions in physical spaces are an important element that directly affects the atmosphere, functionality and user experience of the space. These solutions create a more comfortable, understandable and impressive environment for visitors by optimizing the identity, wayfinding systems and aesthetics of a space. In this research, environmental graphic design applications, which have functions such as informing, guiding and creating corporate visual identity, were investigated in the context of brand and culture components. It was examined whether environmental graphic designs make a positive contribution to a sustainable environment and how environmental graphic design solutions should be made for a sustainable environment was questioned. Within the scope of the research, a qualitative research model was adopted and the document review method was used. As a result of the literature review, environmental graphic design solutions applied in physical spaces were examined and evaluations were made through examples. As a result of the research and examination, it was seen that environmental graphic design applications make a positive contribution to a sustainable environment.

Examination of Parental Academic Achievement Support and Pressure and Adolescent-Parent Career Adjustment in High School Students

Elif ARSLAN ZEYTİNNuri ERDEMİR — 2025-01-09

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^{The aim of this study is to examine parental academic success support and pressure and adolescent-parent career adaptability in high school students in terms of various variables. Relational survey model was used in this study. The sample of the research consists of students continuing to the 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th grades in the central districts of Diyarbakır province in the 2023-2024 academic year. Data were collected using the Parental Academic Achievement Support and Pressure Scale, the Adolescent-Parent Career Adaptation Scale, and the personal information form prepared by the researcher. According to the results obtained from the research, a significant difference was found in PPAA scores according to gender; PAAS scores according to grade level; PAAPS scores according to socioeconomic status and perceived academic success status. A significant difference was found in APCC scores according to socioeconomic status and perceived academic success status; APCC similarity fit scores according to grade level. No significant difference was found in APCC scores according to gender. The correlation between PPAA and APCC was found to be negative and weak; the correlation between PPAA and APCC was found to be positive and moderate. Based on these results, the findings were discussed based on the relevant literature and suggestions for future research were presented.}

Mustafa Şekı̇p Tunç's Vision of Education Program in the Context of “Türkiye Century Education Model From Roots to Future” Vision

Nihat KÖSEAhmet KARA — 2025-01-09

The main purpose of this study is to emphasize the contribution of the book “Felsefe Dersleri-Ruhiyat” written by Mustafa Şekip Tunç, one of the pioneers of Turkish thought and modernization, to the development of the idea of modern curriculum in Turkey. For this main purpose, the book in question was analyzed in terms of form, scope, elements and foundations of the curriculum and its historical background. Thus, it was tried to reveal the course of development of the idea of contemporary curriculum in Turkey. This study, which was designed in accordance with the qualitative paradigm, was conducted with the historical survey method. The data of the study consists of the information obtained as a result of the examination of the book, which is a historical document. In line with the sub-objectives of the study, the scope of the book was examined in the context of the elements of the contemporary education program, its psychological and historical foundations and the teaching process. The aim is to reveal whether this book, which was written by the official authority, is one of the theoretical and practical precursors of the modern education program and whether it can be considered as a historical version of the curriculum. The study concludes that Mustafa Şekip Tunç's “Felsefe Dersleri-Ruhuhiyat” can be considered as a “curriculum” or a “predecessor of the curriculum” rather than directly evoking the contemporary curriculum.

Attitude Scale for Initial Reading and Writing Instruction: A Scale Development Study

Semra BAHRAAyşe Ülkü KAN — 2025-01-09

The main aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable scale to measure primary school teachers' attitudes towards the initial reading and writing instruction process. This study is a scale development study, and the survey model, which is a quantitative research method, was used in the data collection process. The population of the research consists of 1889 classroom teachers working in official primary schools affiliated with the Directorate of National Education in a province in the Southeastern Anatolia Region in the 2021-2022 academic year. In this context, 675 teachers were included in the process and formed the research sample. Convenience sampling method was considered in the determination of the sample. In the data analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) process was conducted using SPSS 24, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) process was conducted using AMOS 24. After the EFA process conducted with 319 participants, 4 items with low factor loadings or cross-loadings were removed from the 25-item scale, and a final scale with 21 items and 4 dimensions was obtained. The final scale consists of 9 negative and 12 positive items. It includes 9 items in the struggle sub-dimension, 5 items in the enjoyment sub-dimension, 4 items in the openness to development sub-dimension, and 3 items in the willingness sub-dimension. In the Confirmatory Factor Analysis conducted with a different group of 354 participants, the four-factor structure of the scale was found to be consistent with the EFA results in terms of fit indices. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient for the entire scale was found to be .898. The Spearman-Brown split-half reliability values, both equal and unequal, were determined as .846. The Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficients for the sub-dimensions were found as .876 for the struggle sub-dimension, .850 for the enjoyment sub-dimension, .844 for the openness to development sub-dimension, and .709 for the willingness sub-dimension. Therefore, the developed scale is reliable. The findings regarding the validity and reliability of the scale indicate that it can be used to determine primary school teachers' attitudes towards the initial reading and writing instruction process. Similar studies can be conducted with wider participation of class teachers from different provinces. It would be beneficial to repeat the validity and reliability calculations in future studies that utilize the scale and compare the results with the current values.

Develi Armenian Riots and The Leader of The 1905 Uprising: "Madam Serupi"

Selçuk KILINÇMetin KOPAR — 2025-01-09

The first Armenian uprising attempt in Develi was detected in 1893, 1895 and 1896. The Hinchak and Nubar Societies established in Develi pioneered these uprisings. The uprising in 1893 started with the Label Incident organized by the Hinchak Society. On January 6, 1893, labels began to be hung on mosques and the Government House. It is seen that the impact of the Yafta Incidents of 1894 still continues in Develi. The Armenian uprisings of 1896 resulted in 2 dead and 4 injured Muslims, and 27 dead and 10 injured among Armenians. Additionally, 24 houses were burned in the incidents. The Second Armenian Uprisings are known as the 1905 uprising. In the Church District of Develi's Everek district, two Armenian people from the Armenian community named Haci Rehde and Serupi announced to the Armenians in the market that "there will be an event on Friday, therefore they should close their shops to the Armenian tradesmen" and the Armenians who were convinced of this closed their shops and went home. It is quite striking that one of these instigators, Serupi, was a woman and later showed herself in bomb-making activities. The Third Armenian Uprising was the 1915 uprising, which was the bloodiest period. During this period, Armenians, taking advantage of the Ottoman entry into the war, engaged in bomb making and took part in the bloodiest scenes. In addition, the historical process of the activities of the Armenians in the uprising attempt was mentioned, who the Armenians who revolted, who were effective in the uprisings and where they received support were shown. When we examined the archive for the study, we observed many different people. Among these people, one female terrorist is particularly noteworthy for 1905. Among these people, one female terrorist is particularly noteworthy for 1905. The person named Madam Serupi was examined in this study because she led the uprising in Develi and was so influential that she had the shops in the center of the city closed. Madam Serupi is mentioned in almost all of the archive documents and official documents related to this period of uprising. Considering the conditions of the period, the fact that her photograph was taken shows that she was a dangerous person enough to be included in the state archives. The study will also give important clues about the armament, socialization, conflict and public influencing activities in the uprising attempts that took place in Develi.

An Investigation of Primary School 4th Grade Students' Self-Regulated Writing Competencies in Terms of Various Variables

Nurhan AKTAŞEsra Nur DEMİRTAŞ — 2025-01-09

Self-regulation skill, which refers to the student's ability to dominate the entire learning process, refers to the student's ability to manage learning processes with his/her own efforts without the need for external guidance. The writing process is one of the areas where students need self-regulation competence. Therefore, it is important to determine elementary school students' writing competencies based on self-regulation in order to improve their writing skills. In this context, the aim of this study is to examine the self-regulated writing competencies of fourth grade primary school students according to various variables. The research was designed according to the relational survey model. The study group of the research consists of 477 fourth grade primary school students who were determined through convenience sampling. The “Self-Regulated Writing Scale for Primary School 4th Grade Students” and the text writing form developed by the researchers were used as data collection tools. In the analysis of the research data, the “6+1 Analytical Writing and Evaluation Scale” was used. SPSS-24 package program was used for data analysis. The normality of the research data was tested and parametric analyses were preferred in the research since the normality of distribution was ensured. In the analysis of the research findings, t-test, One-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. According to the results of the research, when the students' self-regulation-based writing competencies were analyzed in terms of text types, it was seen that they were higher in narrative texts, and when analyzed according to gender variable, it was seen that female students' self-regulation scores were higher than male students. In terms of socioeconomic level, a significant difference was found only in story writing self-regulation competencies. At the same time, a positive, significant and high-level relationship was observed between self-regulated writing competencies and writing skills.

Turkish Teachers' Opinions on the Differences Between Reading Books and Listening to Books

Necati GÜVENÇFulya TOPÇUOĞLU ÜNAL — 2025-01-09

The reflections and effects of technology, also extend to the field of education. One of the effects of technology listening to books. The primary aim of this research is to determine if there are differences between reading books and listening to books to identify these differences, ascertain why they exist, and determine their nature according to the opinions of Turkish language teachers. This research is designed as a phenomenological study. Ten Turkish language teachers, aged between 22 and 30, working in various schools in Turkey, participated in the research during the 2023-2024 academic year. Purposive sampling method was used to select the participants. A semi-structured interview form was used to collect data for the research. The books to be read and listened to were chosen by the participants themselves. The data collected in the research were analyzed using content analysis method. According to the content analysis results, significant differences in opinions between reading books and listening to books were identified.

Construction Pattern and Maintenance of Masculine Hegemony in Gender Relations: Case of “Ethos”

Nebile EROĞULBeyhan ZABUN — 2025-01-09

Although TV shows and films offer a micro area as media texts in the construction, maintenance and reproduction of masculine hegemony in gender relations compared to the real life, they may direct society as a simulation of reality. In this study, the TV show “Ethos” which is on the Netflix platform was analyzed via the content analysis method by adopting a qualitative method, based on the fact that it has a vital role in the construction, maintenance and reproduction of masculine hegemony of media texts. The categories acquired within the frame of the theme of “masculine hegemony” as a result of content analysis of the TV show’s text were religious hegemony, class distinction, masculine language, peremptoriness, masculine dominance, violence against women, masculine silence, hiding the truth and masculine body, respectively. In the study, it was found that the men in the TV show implemented control and inspection mechanisms over the women by referring to religious principles. In addition to the class distinction between the men and women, it is believed that an inequal area of power and struggle exists between the women from different socioeconomic classes. Although masculine hegemony is thought to be men’s dominance over women, women who get a share from the masculine charisma and join the battle of power with political references are also set to work. Men maintain their dominance over women by using a masculine language, being peremptory indoors and expecting women to serve them. In some cases, they provide masculine dominance by activating oppression and strain. Masculine hegemony is protected and maintained by showing violence against women and when appropriate, activating mechanisms like silence and hiding the truth as a strategy. Masculinity which is a key element in the construction of masculinity is repeatedly stressed on the basis of a strong body.

EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PRINCIPAL SUPPORT, SYNERGISTIC CLIMATE, ORGANIZATIONAL ATTRACTIVENESS AND JOB SATISFACTION: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING

Mücahit DÜZDEMİR Servet Atik — 2025-01-09

Bu araştırma kapsamında, öğretmenlerin algıladıkları müdür desteği, sinerjik iklim, örgütsel çekicilik ve iş doyumu değişkenlerinin birbirleriyle olan ilişkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Malatya ili Battalgazi ve Yeşilyurt merkez ilçelerinde 2022-2023 eğitim-öğretim yılında görev yapmakta olan 349 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri müdür destek ölçeği, sinerjik iklim ölçeği, örgütsel çekicilik ölçeği ve iş doyumu ölçeğinden oluşan veri toplama aracı ile elde edilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında elde edilen veriler Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre, müdür desteği, okulun sinerjik iklimini, örgütsel çekiciliğini ve öğretmenlerin iş doyumunu doğrudan pozitif yönde anlamlı düzeyde etkilemektedir. Sinerjik iklim, örgütsel çekiciliği ve iş doyumunu doğrudan pozitif anlamlı düzeyde etkilemektedir. Müdür desteği, sinerjik iklimdeki varyansın yaklaşık olarak %47’sini açıklamaktadır. Örgütsel çekicilik, iş doyumunu doğrudan pozitif yönde anlamlı düzeyde etkilemektedir. Müdür desteği ve sinerjik iklim değişkenleri, örgütsel çekicilikteki varyansın yaklaşık olarak %54’ünü açıklamaktadır. Müdür desteği, sinerjik iklim ve örgütsel çekicilik değişkenleri iş doyumundaki varyansın yaklaşık olarak %56’sını açıklamaktadır.

Analysis of the Relative Change of the Vote Ratio of Parties in the Elections Made in the Last 30 Years by Clustering Analysis: The Example of Milli Görüş Parties

Muhammed MARUFAbdullah AYDIN — 2025-01-09

Determining the level of influence of social changes on political changes is a subject that is frequently emphasized in political science. The methods used to identify common or different points between social and political changes are limited. The most commonly used method to observe these changes is elections. Comparative analysis of the results of elections held in certain periods on a provincial and regional basis allows for the measurement of changes. Research on the subject in Türkiye reveals that despite the significant changes observed in the social sphere, voters largely remain on the same side of the political spectrum. In this study, the change in the vote rates of the National Vision parties, which had high vote rates in a certain period and then declined in the following years, is the center of attention. Non-hierarchical clustering analysis on the basis of provinces has been used to reveal the periodical changes in the vote rates of Milli Görüş parties. In the results of the analysis, it was concluded that the classification of the provinces in the periods of high vote rates and the classification of the provinces in the periods of low vote rates did not undergo a significant change.

“Cyprus Issue” Rauf Denktaş's Visits, and the Reflection of the Annan Plan (2004) in Aydın’s Press

Adil Adnan ÖZTÜRK — 2025-01-09

This study examines the social and political responses in Aydın before and after the UN Annan Plan was put to referendum. The focus is particularly on the public and media reactions surrounding Rauf Denktaş’s visit to Aydın on November 26–27, 2005. In Aydın, an unprecedented event was organized prior to the referendum, with 6,641 people voting against the plan. In addition, civil society organisations held conferences on Cyprus to raise public awareness, and representatives of political parties and NGO leaders shared their views on the Cyprus issue with the media before and after the April 24, 2004 referendum. In this study, which involves a literature review and document analysis of Denktaş's speeches in Aydın and local press coverage, the history of the Cyprus issue is summarised. It examines the key points emphasised by Rauf Denktaş—who dedicated his life to the Cyprus cause—during his conferences in Aydın, as well as the expectations and attitudes of the involved parties and how these were reflected in the Aydın press. Ultimately, it was found that representatives of political parties and civil society organisations in Aydın largely united in opposition to the Annan Plan and refrained from supporting it.

Music in Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar in the Context of Cycle Theory

Mehtap ULUBAŞOĞLUNazife Oya LEVENDOĞLU — 2025-01-09

The aim of this study is to evaluate Tanpınar's mental world and understanding of music in the context of cycle theory. As the most suitable example to serve this purpose, a trilogy of river novels has been selected, and the expressions in these works have been interpreted by associating them with the concepts of cycle theory. In this context, the question that the study pursues is: "In Tanpınar’s word of mind, how music relates to cyclicality?" The study is conducted using qualitative research methods and content analysis techniques. The reason for the selection of the river novel series in this study is that the works in this genre establish a continuous cycle both within themselves and among each other, which is an important advantage for analyses based on cycle theory. In this study, Tanpınar's series of river novels, Mahur Beste, Sahnenin Dışındakiler and Huzur novels are analyzed in terms of the theory of the cycle and discourse segments on music. In the analyses, emphasis has been placed on semantic integrity in the expressions referring to this theory, and the expressions have been selected to preserve this integrity. Thus selected expressions have been categorized into thematic categories, and the traces of period theory have been interpreted through these themes. While the frequently emphasized themes are taken into account in the analyses, quantitative references, which are used to diagnose how often specific themes emerge in content analyses, have not been preferred in this study. In conclusion, the theory of cycles, which dominates Tanpınar’s mental world to a great extent, manifests itself most intensely in a narrative language that constructs the concepts of intuition, past, memory, monolithic time, cyclical time through music.

The Problem of Ghettoization in The Education of Syrian Migrant Students Under Temporary Protection in Türkiye

Demet KARDAŞ — 2025-01-09

Syrians fleeing the civil war in Syria, Türkiye’s southern neighbor, which started in 2011, were first hosted in temporary camps. Syrians granted temporary protection status have migrated to Türkiye's major cities since 2014. Simple industry, agriculture and trade, which do not require language skills, have become common areas of employment for Syrians. These migrations have gradually taken place collectively as families. Thus, neighborhoods where Syrians live together, have emerged. These neighborhoods where individuals belonging to a particular culture, race, ethnicity or religion live together are described in sociology as ghettos or ghettoization. Although ghettoization leads to problems such as integration, education, the subject of this research is the educational problems of Syrian migrant children. In Altındağ district of Ankara, the capital of Türkiye, with its ghettoized neighborhoods a total of 12.956 foreign students receive education at kindergarten, primary, secondary and high school levels. In this research, which is designed with a case study, one of the qualitative research approaches, the data obtained from primary and secondary schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in the neighborhoods of the aforementioned district where Syrians live densely were evaluated with holistic analysis and one-way analysis according to the context of the situation.

Examples of Skills and Acquisition-Based Practices in Ottoman Education Journalism

Ekrem Zahid BOYRAZ — 2025-01-09

Education is the activity of creating behavioral change by establishing will in order to ensure the formation of the personal and social role of the individual. In this respect, education is an active action in all dimensions of life. The period when the education policies of the Ottoman Empire were radically changed was the Tanzimat Period. The new levels of education and schools created during this period have been important actors in the social transformation. The Tanzimat Period press (newspapers and magazines) played an important and active role in the activities of policy practitioners to transform society in the field of thought. In this context, Ottoman education journalism developed and implemented publishing policies aimed at creating skill and acquisition-based behavioral changes, especially in the Constitutional Period. In addition to this function, educational journalism, which is also used as a propaganda tool by individuals belonging to different opinion movements, aims to be useful to the audience it addresses in parallel with the publication line. Especially during the II Constitutional period, the number and diversity of educational journals increased and the practices for the education of individuals gained importance. In this study, examples of skill and acquisition-based practice in the learning process of individuals in the education journalism are included.

Çorum Mantı in the Context of Turkish Cuisine Culture

Atiye NAZLI — 2025-01-09

The basic need of living things is nourishment. Each living species meets its nutritional needs instinctively from nature in various ways according to its biological characteristics. Nourishment is a physiological need in the hierarchy of needs for living things. However, in addition to meeting the basic need for nutrition, human beings differ for reasons such as geography, religion and cultural elements. In addition, man, who is a social being, mutually exchanges with other people with whom he interacts in various aspects that will affect his life. In Turkish culture, meat and cereals (wheat) have an important place in their diet from past to present. Considering the geography where the Turks spread, it is seen that nutrition/food culture is also seen in in influencing and being influenced by other cultures they encounter. The food and drinks taken from other cultures are often adapted to their own palate as a cultural influence. Mantı, one of the bakery products which has an important place in Turkish cuisine, is one of these dishes. Mantı has a special importance in the whole Turkish world. Although it shows similar production and consumption characteristics in almost every province in Türkiye, manti has a special place in Çorum. Because mantı is a ritual food consumed during Ramadan, which has a religious importance in Çorum. The mantı, which is started to be made two weeks before the beginning of Ramadan, is an indispensable food of iftar tables and sahur. Although mantı is also known in the districts of Çorum city centre, it is not a dish made and eaten for the month of Ramadan. Mantı, which is made by women, takes different names according to its shape, cooking or ingredients. It is known with names such as ‘Dört Kulak’, ‘Altı Kulak’, ‘Kazan Manti’ and ‘Hingal’ in Çorum centre. In this article, the place of manti, which is an important dish in Turkish culture, in Turkish cuisine, and the period of consumption and naming in Çorum in particular will be evaluated.

Mantı has a special importance in the whole Turkish world. Although it shows similar production and consumption characteristics in almost every province in Turkey, manti has a special place in Çorum. Because mantı is a ritual food consumed during Ramadan, which has a religious importance in Çorum. The mantı, which is started to be made two weeks before the beginning of Ramadan, is an indispensable food of iftar tables and sahur. Although mantı is also known in the districts of Çorum city centre, it is not a dish made and eaten for the month of Ramadan.

Mantı, which is made by women, takes different names according to its shape, cooking or ingredients. It is known with names such as ‘Dört Kulak’, ‘Altı Kulak’, ‘Kazan Manti’ and ‘Hingal’ in Çorum centre. In this article, the place of manti, which is an important dish in Turkish culture, in Turkish cuisine, and the period of consumption and naming in Çorum in particular will be evaluated.

Examining High School Students' Perceptions of Lifelong Learning Through Historical Series With Various Variables

Selma UÇAR AŞIKCANMehmet AŞIKCAN — 2025-01-09

The purpose of the study is to examine high school students' perceptions of lifelong learning developed through historical television series. The study was conducted using a survey model, which is a quantitative research design. The study sample comprised 322 high school students studying in the Meram district of Konya province at the end of the first semester of the 2023-2024 academic year. The data were collected using the 'Perception of Lifelong Learning with Historical TV Series Scale' developed by Ünal and Kalçık (2017). The analysis of the data was conducted using the Jamovi program (Version 2.3.21). The study's data was analyzed and interpreted based on the sub-dimensions of historical knowledge, learning to learn, historical thinking, and historical awareness. In this study, the class level was analyzed based on the variables of mother's education, father's education, mother's occupation, and father's profession. The study results showed significant differences in the lifelong learning processes of high school students in historical series based on their grade level and the education status of their parents. However, no significant difference was found in the occupations of the students' mothers and fathers. Additionally, it is known that high school students spend a significant amount of time in front of screens, particularly watching series such as Diriliş Ertuğrul, Kuruluş Osman, and Payitaht Abdülhamit.