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    <title>Tarih Okulu Dergisi, Year 2016 Issue XXV</title>
    <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=sayi_detay&amp;sayi_id=478</link>
    <description>Tarih Okulu Dergisi</description>
    <language>en</language>
    <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    <generator>&lt;p&gt;Asos Yayınları&lt;br /&gt; Kızılay Mahallesi, Fevzi Çakmak-2 Sk. No:37/1, 06420 Çankaya/Ankara&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="https://www.asosyayinlari.com/dergilerimiz.html" target="_blank"&gt;https://www.asosyayinlari.com/&lt;/a&gt;</generator>
    <item>
      <title>From Medieval Europe Capitularies The Capitulary of Herstal (779) and Its Evaluation</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24140</link>
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      <author>Özlem GENÇ</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Socio-Economic Structure of Koçarlı in the Mid-XIXth Century According to Temettuat Registers</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24163</link>
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      <author>Aysun SARIBEY HAYKIRAN</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Some Consideration on Problem of Evil According to Qadı Abd al-Jabbar and Alvin Plantinga’s Approach</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24145</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24145</guid>
      <author>Abdulnasır SÜT</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Civil Servants from Kalecik According to the Circumstance Registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl Registers)</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24156</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24156</guid>
      <author>Aydın EFE</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Anti-Serbia Activities of Albanian Immigrants in Kosovo</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24151</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24151</guid>
      <author>Ayşe ÖZKAN</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Relationship of the Democratic Party with the Islamic Newspaper and Maganizes (1946-1960)</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24143</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24143</guid>
      <author>Doğan DUMAN</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Study on Archaic Words in Kanunnâme-i Âl-i Osman</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24157</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24157</guid>
      <author>Fatih KAYA</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Relatıons of Religious Armenian Church-Papacy in period of Crusade</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24160</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24160</guid>
      <author>MEHMET ÇOG</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Role of Sports in the Soviet Society</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24173</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24173</guid>
      <author>Metin KILIÇ, Mahir ASLAN</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Family and Social Work in the Modernization Process: Structural Analysis from the Perspective of Empowerment Approach</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24149</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24149</guid>
      <author>Mehmet Zafer DANIŞ, Ceylan SÜLÜ</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The reflections of Ottomans' Actual Entry to the World War I in the public and Evaluations</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24141</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24141</guid>
      <author>Akın ÇELİK</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Great Attack According to Archival Documents</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24132</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24132</guid>
      <author>Uğur ÜÇÜNCÜ, Sadık SARISAMAN</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Kayaağıl Thermal Spring as Thermal Tourism Centre (UŞAK)</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24161</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24161</guid>
      <author>Mehmet DENİZ</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Social Contexts of Depiction/Representation of Prophet Mohammad: The Medieval Age Miniaturists and Movie Makers of Modern Age</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24154</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24154</guid>
      <author>A. Çağlar DENİZ</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Succession System And Power Struggle in Karamanids</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24869</link>
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      <author>Hasan TAŞKIRAN</author>
      <description>Karamanids, one of the largest in the Anatolian principalities, It ruled for two and a half centuries in Central Anatolia. This Turkish principality, Although, the principality in the pre-Islamic status and turn into a big state in the Islamic period has continued to adopt the Turkish state structure in itself. The most important organ of the ruling family of the state structure, succession system and depending on the power struggle that took place in this system has a profound impact on the Karamanoğulları as in the previous Turkish governments. This study, succession system of Karamanids Principality and depending on the throne struggles experienced this rule system are examined.</description>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An Investigation of Teacher Candidates’ Attitutes Towards the Turkish History of Education Course</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24110</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24110</guid>
      <author>Mustafa GÜÇLÜ, Hasan BOZGEYİKLİ</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An Overview on the American Missionary Activities Carried Out in Sivas from 1851 to 1915</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24105</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24105</guid>
      <author>Özgür YILDIZ</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Study on Internet Activism and Slactivism</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24172</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24172</guid>
      <author>Haldun NARMANLIOĞLU</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Mongol Population in Anatolia and Their Effects on Turkey Heritage</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24147</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24147</guid>
      <author>Muammer GÜL</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>From Imaginary Geographies to Social Engineering Projects:  Architecture, Urban and Rural Space in Abdullah Ziya Kozanoğlu’s Texts</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24875</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24875</guid>
      <author>Erhan Berat FINDIKLI</author>
      <description>This article examines Abdullah Ziya Kozanoğlu’s authoritarian discourse on architecture, rural and urban space and built-environment in the early Republican Era, mainly in the 1930’s in Turkey and it attempts to answer questions such as how he constructed his narrative on architecture, under which circumstances his ideas and historiographical approach were formed, what kind of intertextuality he had produced. This article tries also to explicate, contextualize and also problematize Kozanoğlu’s naive perception of rural space, culture, past and World history. Here terms such as “representations of space” and “space of representations” by Lefebvre, “disciplinary practices” by Foucault and “naive and sentimental novelist” by Orhan Pamuk are used as theoretical frame work.</description>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Haydarpaşa Darüleytam Hospital 1914-1921 Period Summary</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24170</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24170</guid>
      <author>Havanur ŞAHİN, Mustafa DEMİR</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Natural Disasters, Celestial Events and Strange Events in Baghdad During the Period of Buwayhıds (H.333-447/M.945-1055)</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24872</link>
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      <author>Ömer TOKUŞ</author>
      <description>Coming from Daylam Region of Iran, Shiite Buwayhids conquered Baghdad that was the capital city of Sunni Abbasid Caliphate, in 945 and they continued their dominance in that place until the arrival of Saljuk ruler lord Tughrul in 1055. Many types of natural disasters occurred during almost a century of Buwayhids’ dominance in Baghdad. Earthquakes, freezes occurred as a result of meteorological reasons, severe storms, rarely witnessed snowfall after occurring of which, it adversely affects the vegetation and the irrigation system, the hail whose size was exaggeratedly depicted, rain lasted for days on, sudden floods probably caused by sudden snow melt in the region constitutes the source of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, rainfall deficiency, internal strife and frost events that caused such as famine and drought events, are the important natural disasters that Baghdad faced during Buwayhids era. Besides these, religious and political conflicts and also the fires arising from the policing issues as a type of human disasters have significantly affected Buwayhids era’s Baghdad.In our survey, besides the disaster recorded held by historians, the decline of meteors as the so-called falling star, the stars observed long time in the sky/comets and some strange events that were spread among the people and been saved because of been interesting, have also been examined.</description>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Stigmatization and Exclusion Mechanisms Against Roma People: The Sample of Uşak City</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24159</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24159</guid>
      <author>Abdulkerim DİKTAŞ, A. Çağlar DENİZ , Merve BALCIOĞLU , Abdulkerim DİKTAŞ</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An Evaluation On Robert College Of Istanbul</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24104</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24104</guid>
      <author>Özgür YILDIZ, Refika YAVAŞER</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Kirikhan, After The First World War Until The Annexation To Fatherland</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24158</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24158</guid>
      <author>Tuğba KORHAN</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bartın in the National Struggle</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24166</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24166</guid>
      <author>Yenal ÜNAL</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>East-Roman Empire’s Goth Foreign Policies in the Emperor Zeno’s Period</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24129</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24129</guid>
      <author>Mert KOZAN</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Gregorian Armenian Christians in Turkmenistan (Trans-Caspian Region) on the Russian Empire Period</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24138</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24138</guid>
      <author>Tahir AŞİROV</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>War and Peace in the Late Antiquity: Constantius II vs Shapur II</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24867</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24867</guid>
      <author>İlhami Tekin CİNEMRE</author>
      <description>The eastern territories of the Roman Empire, at the beginning of the third century, witnessed to the rise of the Sassanid Empire, which succeeded the Parthians in Iran. Like the Parthians, the Sassanids were continuously hostile with the Romans. For this reason long-lasting wars took place between the Romans and Sassanids throughout the centuries. In this process, a Roman Emperor was killed in captivity (260). Between the end of the third century and the beginning of the fourth century the balance of power changed in favor of the Romans. However, when Constantine the Great died in 337 and the warfare resumed. After this date, Constantius II took over the administration of the eastern lands of the Roman Empire. Meanwhile Shapur II, the longest reigning monarch of the Sassanid dynasty, ruled the Sassanid Empire. The war between Constantius II and Shapur II gained a different dimension when Constantius died. Ongoing battle under dominance of Iulianus completely stopped when Iovianus came to power and thus, the war turned into peace.The main objective of this study is emphasis on the historical context of the war between Constantius and Shapur and also peace between Roman and Sassanid.</description>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Obligation for Captains to Obtain Testimonial in The Ottoman State</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24171</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24171</guid>
      <author>Derya GEÇİLİ</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An Important Document from our War Surgery History: Cerrahi-i Harbiye Dair Malumat ve Müşahedat</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24162</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24162</guid>
      <author>Hatice DEMİR KÜRECİ, Müesser ÖZCAN</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>De Certeau: Operations, Strategy, Tactics and City</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24174</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24174</guid>
      <author>A. Çağlar DENİZ, Ferhat KENTEL</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Applied Concepts and Tactics Colonization Colonial Powers: The Case Of The Middle East</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24871</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24871</guid>
      <author>Ahmet GÜNDÜZ</author>
      <description>What is this study of colonialism? What is Imperialism? Differences between the two definitions have been made. Since ancient times the idea of colonialism in the European culture and civilization that have been emphasized. The origins of imperialism based on the same way, but the use of a common XIX. Expressed as Century. To have had a process of imperialism on the examples, such as described in the following forms of colonialism, colonialism also given information about the vehicles. The information on this study, given the geography of the Middle East for the first time this concept appeared to give information about what living in the Middle East states are given only as a name. I. Founded in the Middle East after World War II, the colonial state in which they are connected to the Arab States and explained. In the conclusion of the evaluation was made today by establishing links with the past on the geography of the Middle East.</description>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An Assessment on Cittáslow in Quest for a Sustainable City</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24131</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24131</guid>
      <author>Esra Banu SİPAHİ</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Pomaks in the Single-Party Era (1923-1946)</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24134</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24134</guid>
      <author>Mehmet PINAR</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Major Themes in the Contemporary Yemeni Novel</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24153</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24153</guid>
      <author>Yusuf KÖŞELİ</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Salih Pasha Government, Media’s and Political Environments’ Approaches to the Government</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24180</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24180</guid>
      <author>Nurten ÇETİN</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Rituals and Traditions about Child Birth and Raising in Syriacs Christians (Midyat Case)</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24873</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24873</guid>
      <author>Muammer ULUTÜRK</author>
      <description>Syriacism is national church showing tendency to Monophysitism and having emerged due to the belief disagreements among Christians within the boundaries of East Roman Empire in III and IV centuries. The supporters of this church are called as Syriacs. Of the Syriacs</description>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An Informative Booklet on the Tarıqahs: Mir’âtu’t-Turûk</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24133</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24133</guid>
      <author>Mehmet ÜNAL, Nurettin ÇALIŞKAN</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Intersection of the Perception of Religion with the Magic and Mystery in Tanach</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24168</link>
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      <author>Eldar HASANOĞLU</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>During National Struggle the Esme-Elvanlar Raid and Martyr Ali Beg</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24135</link>
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      <author>Burhanettin ŞENLİ</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Urban Sustainability And Its Reflection On Turkish Cinema: The Film Of Entelköy Efeköy’e Karşi</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24139</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24139</guid>
      <author>Burcu ALTIPARMAK, Ahmet OKTAN</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bibliographical Essay On The Karamanids Principality History</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24870</link>
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      <author>Hasan TAŞKIRAN</author>
      <description>Karamanids Principality reigned for approximately 2 and half century in Anatolia beginning with the invasion of Mongols and settlement in there. Karamanids which is one of the largest principality founded in Anatolia, It has not been studied sufficiently about their history in our country. This case the cause of the Principality is less about chronicle. Bibliographical studies provide researchers the bibliographic information with regard the study area. Preparation helps scan source to be planned for study and researchers are informed of the situation and they can be able the original work without to do something again. For this purpose we have prepared this article, is the list of work at Karamanids Principality history about prepared, published boks, such as magazine and symposium papers  in our country.</description>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Economic Collapse Of The Ottoman Empire From The Eyes Of IIth Constitutional Era Cartoonists</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24152</link>
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      <author>Tanju DEMİRAyşe ATİK</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Place and Importance of Eğitim Dergisi in Turkish Education History (1951-1958)</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24150</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24150</guid>
      <author>Mustafa GÜÇLÜ, Mustafa ŞANAL</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Open-ended and Multiple-Choice Tests Development based on Chemical Reactions: The Validity and Reliability Study</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24868</link>
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      <author>Oktay BEKTAŞ, Melek KARACA , Sibel SARAÇOĞLU</author>
      <description>Chemistry topics in the secondary schools are difficult in terms of learning. Studies showed that the students may answer the problems on the chemical reactions, but they cannot understand fundamental concepts about this topic. The aim of this study was to develop open-ended and multiple choice tests regarding the chemical reactions. For this aim, the studies of reliability and validity of these tests were carried out. The participants formed 100 eighth grade students. For the open-ended test, the study of content validity was performed and item indices and reliabilities for two questions were calculated. For multiple-choice test, the studies of content, criterion, and construct validity were performed, and also the item indices, factor analysis, independent sample t-test and coefficient of Cronbach-alpha reliability were applied. The Cronbach-alpha reliability coefficient was 0.87 and the multiple choice test was comprised of two significant factors. In light of the findings, suggestions were discussed.</description>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Eski Çağ Tarihi ve Uygarlığı: El</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24128</link>
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      <author>Hüseyin ÜRETEN</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Corcî Zeydân, Hıstory of Islamic Civilizations</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24144</link>
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      <author>Fatih UYANIK</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>İbrahim Yıldırım, Osmanlı Devleti’nde Elçi Kabulleri</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24155</link>
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      <author>Tunay KARAKÖK</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Georgian-Mongol Relation -Southern Caucasus 1220-1346-</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24148</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24148</guid>
      <author>Erhan ATEŞ</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mongols and Mawlana</title>
      <link>https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24178</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&amp;makale_id=24178</guid>
      <author>Emin DALMİŞ</author>
      <description/>
      <pubDate>2024-08-29</pubDate>
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