https://johschool.com/?mod=sayi_detay&sayi_id=798 Tarih Okulu Dergisi en 2024-08-29 <p>Asos Yayınları<br /> Kızılay Mahallesi, Fevzi Çakmak-2 Sk. No:37/1, 06420 Çankaya/Ankara<br /> <a href="https://www.asosyayinlari.com/dergilerimiz.html" target="_blank">https://www.asosyayinlari.com/</a> https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=24693 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=24693 Bilal TUNÇ In this study, the historical development of population, urban and rural population, gender and age structure, immigrations, education, distribution of population in terms of economic sectors, the intensity and distribution thereof are examined in line with the administrative changes since the proclamation of Republic until today in Erdemli Distict which is located in Mediterranean shore and in the west of Mersin. As is known, Erdemli; one of the districts of Mersin which is one of the biggest cities of Mediterranean Region in terms of surface area, has hosted various civilizations through the history starting with Kizuwatnians’ age and hosted Hittite, Phrygia, Asus, Ancient Greece, Rome, Byzantine, Seljuk, Karamanoğulları and Ottoman civilizations respectively, therefore it involves very rich historical and cultural assets. Various administrative arrangements have been made in this important settlement through the history and this has affected the population naturally. Based on administrate arrangements accomplished in Republic period especially, it is obligatory to make various rearrangements the status of sub-districts and villages of Erdemli. This has naturally affected the population growth rate. This piece shall be created by utilizing various research and examination works, primarily achieve records, Official Gazette and Turkish Statistical Institute data. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=24781 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=24781 İhsan Burak BİRECİKLİ The Ottoman statesman and politician Ismail Kemal Vlora was one of the famous name of Sultan Abdulhamid II and Costitution Period II. He was a member of the Albanian national movement, living in 1847-1919. He devoted his life to the political activities against to the Ottoman administration. He travelled to some cities of Europe senior diplomats and political statesmen. In 1912 with the outbreak of the First Balkan War, Ismail Kemal rose up and declared the creation of an independent Albania in Vlora. On 20 December 1912, The Conference of Ambassadors in London, it was to have a civil administration that would be run by the International Control Commission. He was forced to resign on 22 January 1914 and transferred government authority to it. Then he went into exile to Italy, Barcelona and France and he died in Italy. In this study, I will try to explain his political struggles for Albanian independence in 1912-1914. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=24959 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=24959 Mehmet Korkud AYDIN World War II, which started with Germany's attack on Poland, was the most violent and bloody war in the history of the world. One of the breaking points of World War II was Germany's struggle against the USSR. During the Barbarossa Operation, launched by the Germans in 1941, about three million USSR soldiers were captured. Most prisoners struggling to survive in the prison camps were USSR soldiers of Turkish origin. The situation of the prisoners of war was evaluated via the newly established Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories; committees were established to improve especially the situation of the prisoners with Turkish origin and to make them fight against the Red Army. The important figures of the leadership of the Turkish peoples living in different parts of the geography of the USSR were brought together in these committees. Leaders such as Mustafa Çokay, Veli Kayyum Khan, Alihan Kantemir, Ahmet Temir, Osman Hocaoğlu, Mehmet Emin Buğra, Mehmet Emin Resulzade, and Cafer Saydahmet spent an intensive time on this issue. The Eastern Legions were organized from the prisoners of war by the committee work under the control of the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories; The Turkestan Legion was organized in January 1942. In addition to this military structure, the Germans fought against the Red Army by forming Azerbaijan, Idil-Ural, Georgian, and Armenian Legions. After the death of Mustafa Çokay in a short time, Veli Kayyum Khan was appointed to the Turkestan Legion. The Turkish Government and the Turkist circles in the public closely followed and supported this process. The Turkestan Legion was first fought with the Red Army on the Eastern Front, and in 1943 it was shifted to the Western Front. The soldiers of Turkestan suffered heavy casualties both during fighting against the Red Army on the Eastern Front and fighting against the Allied Forces on the Western Front. When Germany lost the war, Turkish originated soldiers captured by the USA and Great Britain were surrendered to the Soviet Union; and the Soviet Union executed these soldiers by calling them Traitor. Furthermore, the Soviet regime punished a large part of the Turkish originated and Muslim population living in the areas occupied by the Germans and exiled the deterritorialized people to other places which were thousands of kilometers away. However, the exile process turned into genocide, and most of the Turkish originated citizens of the USSR had lost their lives before they arrived their destinations. Those who could arrive their destinations had to struggle to survive under severe conditions. Due to the conditions that emerged at the end of the war, Turkey remained unresponsive to the execution and exile of the Turkish originated soldiers. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=24770 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=24770 Mehmet Emin ELMACIİlknur SARI The Democrat Party, a party that came into power in Turkey in 1950 by election, that has a conservative world view, has founded its policies on opposing bureaucracy and has been shaped around the principles of liberal capitalism and liberal democracy, has impacted and suppressed the “left” perception in the country with its relations with America and Russia and its ideological position on the regimes in these countries. America’s spreading the idea of fighting communism guided the policies that the Democrat Party had established on Communism/opposing left. In this context the party has used the legal resources at its disposal and the press-broadcasting to guide perception in the development and/or interruption of the “left”. When the political developments, parliament speeches, national policies and positions on workers and unions in 1950-54 during the first term of DP’s rule are observed, it is clear that Turkey was one of the leading countries to combat communism. One of the most striking forms of protesting of the period is the “communism tel’in (condemnation)” meetings. Tel’in is defined as condemning. “Communism condemnation” meetings were held including participants from many different walks of life including politicians, student unions, workers, syndicates, religious affairs and universities; and were reflected in the press. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=24651 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=24651 Mustafa BOSTANCITaner LÜLECİ Since gaining independence in 1991 with the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan has been following a foreign policy that is based on international power balances and "multi-dimensional foreign policy" defined by Nursultan Nazarbayev. Kazakhstan, which has prioritized Russia and would like to maintain positive relations with China, also intends to establish close relations with neighboring countries, the US, and European Union countries. Besides all these, Turkey has been an ally and a fellow country for Kazakhstan. Turkey is the first country to recognize the independence of Kazakhstan. This can be regarded as a political initiative having very important symbolic meanings beyond just establishing a diplomatic relationship. The role of love and yearning for Central Asian Turks was great in this brave conduct of Turkey. Unfortunately, this sentimental approach marked later relations, steps unaware of cultural backgrounds and present situations of Central Asian republics had not become permanent. Consequemtly, improving relations soon after their independence, declined after 1993, they ascended since 2002, and then they followed a bumpy run. Troubles of Turkey with its policy of the Middle East caused a desire to trend alternative geographies besides orientation of Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), in the increased concern of Turkey towards Turkish World especially after 2016. The common historical, cultural and spiritual ties between Turkey and Kazakhstan, have provided the basis for rapid development of bilateral relations. After gaining independence, relations in various areas with plenty of agreements signed between Kazakhstan and Turkey have been regulated on cooperative basis. In parallel with the level of political relations between Kazakhstan and Turkey, it has become one of the most important political and economic partner of Turkey in the region. Particularly since the AK Party came to government in 2002, relations have gained a great deal of vitality. Significant steps have been taken in cooperation with the Central Asian Turkish Republics in the Turkish Summit held in Antalya in 2006. Again with the visit of Kazakhstan President Nursultan Nazarbayev to Turkey in October 2009, by signing of Strategic Partnership Agreement, relations have reverted to a new dimension. By the way it is necessary to assert that Nazarbayev has been playing for the leadership of Turksih World. It can be said that Nazarbayev has taken example of Atatürk in some of his actions like supporting Kazakh identity in his country and in his attempt of building a state. In this context, Kazakh language courses were established in schools, written and virtual press organisations were enforced to broadcast and publish in Kazakh language in specific amounts, and for appointment for some public missions speaking Kazakh language became an obligation, additionally transition to Latin alphabet has been provided. On the other hand, when Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan visited Kazakhstan in May 2012 with the title of prime minister in the High Level Strategic Cooperation Council (YDSK) was established so Turkish-Kazakh relations have gained institutional basis. Today, the most prominent issue between Turkey and Kazakhstan is oil pipelines. Turkey has been importing oil and gas from Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan in order to diversify its energy sources. In this context, it can be claimed that motivation of Turkey to Turkish Republics is mainly economical and related to energy resources. The bilateral trade amount between Turkey and Kazakhstan January-September period of 2017, came close to 2 billion dollars totally. The common objective is to raise it to $ 10 billion. Kazakhstan's regional and international cooperation with Turkey has been developing rapidly. As a result of the cooperation the two countries have maintained in the direction of peace and stability in the Eurasian geography, the Summit of Turkish Speaking Countries has been institutionalized in the leadership of the two; In this context, Kazakhstan, Turkey and the Turkish Council has played an important role in the establishment of TURKPA (Parliamentary Assembly of Turkic Speaking Countries). TURKSOY, the institution that regulates the cultural relations between the Turkic Republics, depends on the Turkish Council. Kazakhstan is also host to the International Turkish Academy, which was established within the Turkish Council. The ongoing cooperation in the field of education and culture is another important aspect of the relations between the two countries. Hoca Ahmet Yesevi International Turkish-Kazakh University, which is located in Central Turkistan, has an extremely important function. This study aimed to analyze and clarify exactly the size of Turkish-Kazakh relationships during AK Party period. In this article, basic features of foreign policies of Turkey and Kazakhstan first, then political, social, cultural and economic relations between the two countries during AK Party period will be enlightened and evaluated. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=24767 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=24767 Neval AKÇA BERK Studies in history teaching are driven by an approach where the value of information and student experiences are taken into consideration, students are actively involved in life, they make the right decisions and solve problems, and creative, critical, emphatic thought skills and evidentiary learning becomes the focus in in-class and off-curriculum courses designed in a supportive way for development. It is emphasized that a variety unique to the history course must be applied in learning and teaching methods and techniques in order to have access to each and every student during the course. Therefore, it is highly critical to diversify and enrich active learning methods. This study is intended to address, on a comparative basis, historical reenactment and classroom simulation applications that may serve as an alternative application in history courses and to lay down similarities and differences. Document analysis has been used in this research designed as a quantitative research pattern and the literature on historical reenactment and simulation has been examined. As a consequence, while historical reenactment and simulation are similar in terms of pre-application preparations as well as assessments during and after the application, they are different at basic points in which the simulation does not need a historic or listed venue and an artificial problem is created. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=24777 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=24777 Melih GÖRGÜN The roots of modernization movements for Turkey stretches far back in history. The modernization attempts, a notable amount of which were made especially during the last periods of the Ottoman Empire, started to show results during the initial years of the Republican era from 1923 onwards. The "University Reform" of 1933 was one of the most important of these attempts. The political, economical and social changes in Germany during the period after WWI had many crucial implications both on a domestic and international scale in medium term. Most notably, a rather tough period started for Jewish-German scientists who had been alienated from the system because of especially racist reasons. To leave or to stay for many of these scientists had similar connotations as to live or to die. The aforementioned migratory movements coincide with the University Reform of Turkey. Push and pull factors, which form the necessary decision stages in realising this movement, constitute an important aspect of the international migration phenomenon. The period, which had started with the emergence of modern Turkey, followed by the University Reform, brought about an important option for a target country for German scientists planning to migrate. There are a number of particular push and pull factors that form the people's decision-making processes during migratory movements. If migration is to take place on an international scale then the facts that need to be considered can take an even more complex form. In summary, the decision to migrate is made as a result of, or in order to achieve, something. This work analyzes the immigration of the Jewish-German scientists to Turkey in the context of the push and pull factors of international migration. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=24782 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=24782 Yusuf ÇİFCİ Epistemologies have a determined reality perception and determined ontological acceptances. In this sense, epistemologies have criterions about what the knowledge is. The interpretative epistemology, as one of the epistemologies, makes for heterarchic/chaotic/culture-bound and built reality perception. In this direction, Interpretative epistemology has a chaotic reality perception. The interpretative epistemology, that makes for such an ontology, makes of knowledge on the basis of “cultural connection”. The interpretative epistemology, highlighting the cultures and the changing symbol and the meanings, has arisen as opposed to positivist epistemology. In this article, starting from the reality perception and ontological acceptances of the interpretative epistemology, the epistemological acceptances, method and techniques, basic approaches and the acceptability-trustworthiness-boundedness of the knowledge made by way of interpretative epistemology, are going to be examined. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=24750 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=24750 Emre ÖZTÜRK Objectivity is one of the most debated subjects in social theory, sociology of knowledge and philosophy of science. Objectivity, in its widespread use, is examined by being equivalent to scientific activity, while the historical foundations which make this using possible are mostly excluded. Its traits, that including to be isolated from “knower’s” opinion, to be eluded from prejudice and the statement of value-free “neutral language”, are generally related to historical construction of a certain ideal of objectivity. On the other hand, we see that objectivity has been subject to a different reading in the context of “perspectivism” where it has become more controversial. In this context, the aim of this article is to present a historical discussion of these different uses of objectivity, as an ideal, about its rise and fall. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=24757 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=24757 Fethi NAS Due to information and technological advances, natural environment-ecology, economic activities, political trends, thought patterns, psychological structures and lifestyles around the world are undergoing a rapid transformation. The transformation in any area of life naturally affects changes in other areas and sometimes causes deformation and sometimes an adaptation. Communication and transportation opportunities have developed around the world. A new set of formations brought about by the globalization process has a profound impact on social life. Knowledge transfer and different thoughts can be reached quickly and effectively different parts of the world. New developments have emerged in working conditions and health services. As rapid changes and transformations are concentrated in urban areas in general, large migration movements are experienced in cities and population density decreases in rural areas. So living conditions and livelihood of people living in rural areas are diversified world wide. The study was carried out in order to determine what kind of changes rural households have undergone in their agricultural production and livelihoods depending on the changing conditions. Between 2017-2019, a research was conducted on the economic life of 90 households in 9 villages of the central district of Bartın. Within the scope of the research, interviews with households were conducted and numerical data were collected on issues such as agricultural activities, diversification of livelihoods, problems in agricultural production and the size of agricultural land owned. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=24774 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=24774 İbrahim AKKAŞ Theprocess of globalization has led to some changes in the social and cultural characteristics of societies. Consumer goods, brandsor “American -style living” habits that spread rapidly throughout the world have affected people. This has ledtotheemergence of theconcept of consumercultureandacceptance in society. Torelatetheconcept of consumptiontotheeconomy is not enoughtoexplaintheconcept. Today, everything is consumedbypeople. Themostimportant element consumed is thevalues in thesociety. Thedepletion of values is aboutculturalelementsthatbringpeopletogetherandunite. Inthis sense, theconcept of socialization has been distanced from its traditional meaning and new socialization or time toget her spaces have been created. Today, althoughshoppingcentersbringtomindthecommercialactivitiesandconsumption, perhapsthemostimportantpointthatweignore is thattheyappear as centerswherevalues areconsumed. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=24764 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=24764 Nuri SÖNMEZ Suat ÇAPUK The main purpose of this research is to analyze empirical researches on the effect of mobile learning on students’ academic achievement by using meta-analysis method. In the study, Meta-Analysis Method was used as a systematic method of synthesis. The studies for the Meta - Analysis were collected from YOK Thesis Center, ProQuest, EBSCOhost and Google Academic, Turkish Academic Network and Information Center databases. For the study 40 scientific research conducted between 2009-2018 in Turkey were selected. The effect size index of Cohen's g effect size was used. By using the results of heterogeneity test, the effect of mobile learning on academic achievement was calculated as 1.055. It was found that the calculated effect size had a high positive effect and statistically significant. In order to ensure the reliability of the meta-analysis study, publication bias has been tested by using graphical and statistical findings. Comparative effect sizes were calculated and interpreted according to publication year, field study, level of education, mobile device used, duration of application and application environment. According to the results of the study, it was understood that mobile learning effected students’ academic achievement in a positive and meaningful way. 2024-08-29 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=30262 https://johschool.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=30262 Sadi H. NAKİBOĞLU This research study is conducted to investigate the level of knowledge of Chagatai Turkish Language and Chagatai Literature among the senior students who attended Chagatai Turkish and Literature courses in the Department of Turkish Language and Literature at Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University. Chagatai Turkish Language and Literature Knowledge Level Self-Assessment Scale, developed by the researcher for this purpose, is applied to 137 students who attended the Chagatai Turkish course in the Department of Turkish Language and Literature at Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University in the academic year of 2018-2019. The data obtained are evaluated by means of SPSS 22.0 statistical computer software. As a result of the research study, it is determined that students have a good-adequate knowledge level regarding Chagatai Turkish and Literature. According to the information obtained from the Department of Student Affairs, the average academic grades of the students are 76.20 and 82 in the first and the second semesters, respectively. The outcome complies with the evaluations of the instructors and the students’ self-evaluation, and it is an indication that the course has fulfilled its objective. The study also finds no difference among the knowledge levels of the students in terms of Chagatai Turkish Language and Literature in accordance with their genders and ages. 2024-08-29