Tarih Okulu Dergisi, Year 2020 Issue XLIV

Comparative Analysis of Hungary and Turkey in Terms of History Course Objectıves and Content of Currıculum

Alev DURANZafer TANGÜLÜ — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to make a comparative analysis of the aims and contents of history teaching programs in the level of secondary education in Turkey and Hungary. For this purpose, it should be stated that the Hungarian history course is the continuation of the "történelem, társadalmi és állampolgári ismeretek" (History, Society and Citizenship Information) course given at the secondary education level and that course that has the same name is taught as history, society and citizenship knowledge (történelem, társadalmi és állampolgári ismeretek) in the high school of 9th-12th the classes. In the research, in addition to the analysis of the 9th-12th classes history education of the curriculum in Turkey and the Hungarian education system, the subject of that whether these two countries with a common history memory do and do not address the issue in the Hungarian history education course. İn this study, the research model was used as a research model. Since the study was only a comparative study, document review was conducted and the teaching-learning process and evaluation dimensions of the programs were not considered. Since it is a comparison research, since the comparisons are made through documents, a document review method of the research is also taken as basis.

Reflections to the External Press the Developments in Cotton Productıon in Turkestan (1960-1915)

Aysel ERDOĞAN — 2024-08-29

Russia used Turkestan as a weapon against foreign states, especially Britain, in line with his military and political objectives. The strategic importance and political instability of the region have influenced Russia's active policy implementation in the region. In this process, Russia has implemented a policy to completely control and colonize the region. cotton produced in Turkestan was an important part of Russian colonialism. For Russia, who wants to get rid of her devotion to American cotton, cotton in Turkestan has gained importance. Russia, which has implemented a policy to increase cotton production in Turkestan since the 1860s, has demanded that all arable areas in Turkestan be devoted to cotton production. By supplying Turkestan's grain needs from Russia, the cultivated cotton lands were increased and cotton production was realized with seed brought from the USA while domestic cotton varieties decreased. Instead of increasing the amount of irrigable land by improving the irrigation system in order to increase cotton production, Russia's policy to allocate all arable land to cotton production which has caused Turkestan to lose its self-sufficient area. In our study, developments in cotton production as a part of Russian colonialism in Turkestan and their reflections on Turkestan people were discussed.

Evaluatıon of The Functıon of The Myth in The Legıtımacy of The Power in The Context of Orhon Inscrıptıons

İnan GÜMÜŞ — 2024-08-29

Orkhon Inscriptions are important in terms of transmitting some information about the early period of the Turks at the firsthand. These inscriptions, which are executives' texts appeals to the public, have a structure that can be evaluated with regards to determining the field of authority and power. As is known, the legitimacy of power depends on persuasion and subjugation of the governed. It is expected that negotiations will begin as a result of these contradictory relationships. Michel Foucault conceptualizes discourse as the process before beginning to negotiation, and argues that the current problem of subject and authority can be overcome by analyzing a series of discursive or non-discursive practices which he named as archives; such as historical texts/structures/formations/buildings/agreements. In this sense, Foucault views history as a method for solving today's fundamental problems and instrumentalizes it. From this point of view, in the discourse of the Orkhon Inscriptions, which can also be read as a text of power, we can say that a number of persuasion mechanisms are used to legitimize power. Mythical knowledge, which can be regarded as one of these mechanisms, has great importance for the construction of social reality. In the texts mentioned, the myth was functionalized in terms of the liberation of subjects with knowledge and the formation of free subjects. In this study, the utilization of myth, which we believe contributes to the process of convincing the subject by the ruler, has been discussed within the frame of the Orkhon Inscriptions.

Prime Ministir Refik Saydam

Hacer GÖL — 2024-08-29

Refik Saydam is the fourth prime minister of the Republic of Turkey. He founded by 11 th and 12 the governments. His real education was in Military Medicine of the Ottoman Empire period. He has specialized in combat inginfectious diseases. With a vaccine he found, he entered the medical literature. Tripoli, Balkan wars, World War I and National Struggle years in the field of health services behind the front. Forth is reason, it is generally known forits health side rather than politician. He met Mustafa Kemal during the Tripoli Warand wasamong the team that went to Samsun with him. He is among the people Mustafa Kemal trusts. Forth is reason, he served as the deputy of Doğubayazit in the first Turkish Grand National Assembly. He also served as the Head of the Department of Health at the Ministry of Defense. Later, he became Minister of Health. It has played an important role in the establishment of hospitals, child carestation sand Tuberculosis Dispensaries in Istanbuland Ankara in many provinces of our country. Between 1931-38 he served as Minister of Education and Finance. When İsmet İnönü left the Prime Minister's office, he resigned from the cabinet and took his place. After the death of Atatürk, İnönü assumed the post of President and served as Prime Minister between 1939-1942 with the resignation of Celal Bayar from the Prime Ministry. Ismet is the biggest supporter of İnönü's policy during this period, which came across World War II. In this context it has been the decisive period Inonu of Turkey's foreign policy. The subject of the study will be to determine the position of Prime Minister Refik Saydam in Turkish political history and democratization process.

An Example of the Status of Civil Servants Officials Born in Malatya in the Light of Sicill-i Ahvâl Records

Danyal TEKDAL — 2024-08-29

During the Tanzimat Period, the Ottoman Empire experienced important developments in the civil servant class as in many other fields. One aspect of the change was the opening of schools that trained civil servants, while the other was related to the employment of civil servants. Parallel to the increase in the number of civil servants employed in the Ottoman State capitol, it is only possible to determine the development of the bureaucratic class in the provinces in the provinces. The contents of the records of the registers, which have a very rich content regarding the personal information of the civil servants, are satisfactory in terms of the information that is desired to be reached. Therefore, the civil class in Malatya, which was a traditional Ottoman flag, was established in 1879 under the Internal Affairs Ministry. It was examined in the light of the records in the Sicill-i Ahvâl Books held by the Ministry of Health. The data in the study was limited to the information about 137 civil servants submitted by the records. In this study, the duties of civil servants, starting and leaving dates, investigations and results about them, date and place of birth, information about their fathers, transition to civil service, the schools they read, salary status, languages spoken, salaries and ranks received by non-Muslim information about the nation is presented. In the light of the information obtained, a general determination has been made on the subjects such as social status, professional competence and preferability, salary satisfaction, investigation processes and the results related to the officers in the Ottoman State.

The Roads Connecting the Coast Cities of Pontus to Inland Regions in Antiquity

Kamil DOĞANCI — 2024-08-29

The mountainous structure of Pontus, which is localized with the Eastern and Central Black Sea regions, had a negative impact on the transportation between the coastal areas and the inner regions in ancient times. Harsh winters and wild tribes living in high mountain ranges on the highway route threatened road safety. Until the Romans took over the region in 64 BC, the transport was mostly provided by sea. The imperialist structure of the Roman Empire and its efforts to secure the eastern border have paved the way for the importance of highways connecting the Black Sea coastal cities to the inner regions. During this period, new cities were established in the inner parts of Pontus, and the road construction activities linking these cities to the coastal ports have accelerated. The maps of the Roman period, such as Itinerarium Romana and Tabula Peutingeriana, and also data from surveys in the region have identified three main roads linking the coastal part of Pontus to the inner regions: Polemonium-Neocaesareai, Amisos-Amaseia and Trapezus-Satala. Apart from these main routes, it is known that there are used secondary roads at different times.

Homeland Front in Gaziantep

Mehmet BİÇİCİ — 2024-08-29

The Democratic Party, which took power in 1950 elections and received great public support from the people, has accomplished many important works between 1950-54 and in the elections of 1954, it was in power with confidence of the people. However, political and social developments since 1954 brought with it many negative points in terms of political parties. In particular, the economic troubles that have taken place have led to significant social events, the ruling party faced many negative criticisms during this period. Since the elections in 1957, the opposition parties have taken a decision to act jointly against the Democratic Party and are united. In this process, the Democratic Party, which aims to protect its power and its effectiveness, invited its supporters and other sections of the society to unite under the name of the "Homeland Front" against the opposition. The Homeland Front was organized throughout the country and the attendance increased day by day. In this study, the establishment of the Vatan Front, the development and events in Gaziantep, the telegraphs sent from Gaziantep and the documents of the periodicals and archive documents were examined.

A Comperative Study on History of Law: Comperation of Property Approches Between Roman and Ottoman

Muhammed CEYHAN — 2024-08-29

The Roman Empire and the Ottoman Empire have an important place in the history of the World. Although the possibilities and the conditions of the history are different, as well as the era and the geography of both empires, there are actually many common points between them. As the matter of the fact, the changes and the transformations of the institutions that are similiar in the structure show similarities. These two long-lived empires have undergone some changes and transformations in their political, militiary, religious, economic and legal structures depanding on the changing world conditions. In this respect, the characteristics of both Roman and Ottoman law in the process of change, development and transformations are similiar. However, when examined carefully, surely, it will be seen that there are differences due to era, geography and belief difference. In our study, in the context of property law, the similarities and the differences of the Roman Empire and the Ottoman Empire will be examined in terms of geography, era, religion and needs, using the method of comperative history. For this purpose, the sources on Roman property law and the sources and the archive documents on Ottoman property law have been used. After the similarities and the differences of property law and approaches of both political administration are found out and the changes and the transformations are handled, it will be made an evaluation about them.

Alıja Izetbegovıc’s Foreıgn Polıcy in Bosnıa and Herzegovına War (1992-1995)

Recep ÇELİK — 2024-08-29

After collapse of Yugoslavia, Bosnia and Herzegovina war occurred as a result of Serbian nationalism and irredentism. Bosniak, Croatian and Serbian military forces had started to mercilessly struggle with each other, as to the result was determined by Bosniak-Croatian alliance and NATO operations against Serbians. In Bosnia that has three different ethnic groups, Bosniaks consist of majority of population however they were weakest link with respect to military and political as well. This situation caused that Bosniaks suffer from the war at the utmost. Alija Izetbegovic as a president, in the basis of his foreign policy during the war, based on protection of Bosnia’s territorial integrity. Yet at this point Izetbegovic who was conscious regarding there was not any state that hold on Bosniak’s in the Balkans. In this respect he tried to prompt international organizations to end the war in the Bosniaks’ struggle for existence. He was aware of sooner or later Western intervene could end Bosnian war and so he created outline of his foreign policy in this direction.

A Prince’s Reply to “The Prince” in European Thought

Samet ZENGİOĞLU — 2024-08-29

There are historical breaking points effecting Europe’s intellectual world. Within the context of these breaking points, there are also names/thinkers that have shaped this intellectual world. There is no doubt that Machiavelli, as one of the most remarkable names of Renaissance Europe, is one of these names/thinkers. The political crises at the end of the 15th and the beginning of 16th century in Italy have been among the developments affected the philosopher’s world of thought. Although Machiavelli left many works behind, it would not be wrong to state that the “The Prince” is his mostly known, discussed and persistent work worldwide. The thoughts in the “The Prince” have created discussions from different perspectives in many different contexts. In this respect, there were also arguments developed against these thoughts. The aim of this study is to compare the work the “The Prince” written by Machiavelli with “Anti-Machiavel” or “The Refutation of Machiavelli’s Prince” being as an answer to the “Prince” written by Frederick the Great who got on the stage of history in 18th century Prussia.

The Palestıne Issue Startıng from The Sykes-Pıcot Agreement to The Establıshment of Israel

Tekin ÖNAL — 2024-08-29

Britain and France, whose interests in the Middle East conflicted during the First World War, prepared the secret sharing plans for the post-war period by the Sykes-Picot Agreement in May 1916. According to this, the lands promised for the Arabs to establish an independent state were transformed into the zone of influence of the two states, and the Palestinian territories that could not be shared by the relevant countries were deemed worthy of an international administration. After the British occupation of Jerusalem in 1917 and of Palestine in September 1918, the region, in which Islam lost its sovereignty, came under the rule of British military government. As of 1946, martial law was implemented in Palestine, which witnessed many rebellions and conflicts until the end of the Second World War, however, the Britain realized that it could not stop the conflict and it was notified to the United Nations. The Committee, which was established for this issue, recommended in its report submitted in 1947 that the region should be divided into two parts under economic union for the people of these countries and the General Assembly adopted this division on 29 November 1947 with Resolution No. 181. According to this, Palestine would be divided into seven regions, except Jerusalem, which would have an international status, and three of them would be given to Jews and three of them would be given to Arabs. However, the Jews, who ignored the division resolution like the Arabs, increased their terrorizing activities and began to kill the Arabs living in the region or forced them to migrate and on the night of May 15,1948, when the mandate government was eliminated, Israel declared its independence. After that, the most important policy of Israel, which is supported by international public opinion, will be to expand its territories. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the Palestine issue, which seems to be an internal problem of the Islamic world, but which later gains an international dimension, from a different and objective perspective.

The Journey of Phrgian Cap from Turkey to Colombia

Yeşim DİLEKHasan BAHAR, Önder BOYACI — 2024-08-29

Al origen de este artículo fue la atención que le puso el Señor Engin Yürür, Embajador de Turquía en Bogotá entre 2013 y 2018, a la presencia de un antiguo símbolo de Anatolia (Asia Menor) en el Escudo de Armas de la República de Colombia. Con las observaciones de Su Excelencia Embajador y la ayuda y el soporte del Prof. Dr. Hasan Bahar, especialista en la historia de las civilizaciones antiguas en la Universidad Selçuk de Konya/Turquía, se puso en evidencia, al estudiar el emblema oficial de Colombia, una realidad muy sorprendente. El símbolo que se encuentra en la faja central del Escudo de Colombia conocido en el mundo entero como el gorro Frigio, procede de la civilización frigia, una civilización de mayor importancia en el mundo antiguo anatoliano. Durante miles de años, este símbolo fue usado por numerosas naciones y entró en la literatura como el símbolo de la libertad. La presente investigación, llevada a cabo por Yeşim Dilek, quien completo el doctorado en historia antigua bajo la dirección del Prof. Dr. Hasan Bahar y por Önder Boyacı, Segundo Secretario de la Embajada de Turquía en Bogotá entre 2013 y 2017, aspira a reconstituir el viaje de este gorro, símbolo de libertad desde la época antigua, desde Anatolia hasta Colombia.

Democracy, Participation and Technology: The Paradoxes of Democracy in Technology

Yusuf ÇİFCİ — 2024-08-29

Direct democracy was inherited from Ancient Greece while today's representative democracy is a by-product of the Industrial Revolution. The technological innovations of the post-industrial era led the representative democracy to spread worldwide. The introduction of new communication technologies initiated the arguments on the possibility of the re-employment of direct democracy. Undoubtedly, new communication technologies had the roles of moulding public opinion and raising public awareness. Nevertheless, the reality that these technologies pose some dangers to societies cannot be denied. In this sense, it was seen that new communication technologies put democracy into a paradoxical process. Two different approaches have been used to explain the relationship between democracy and technology: techno-septic and techno-optimist approaches. In this research, the relationship between democracy and technology was studied particularly with the techno-septic-centred approach. Starting from this point of view, the negative effects of technology on democracy were put under the scope and several solutions were offered in the study. Within this direction, the objective of endeavour in this study is to present the paradoxes of democracy within technology and solution proposals.

The Investigation of the Relations Between Pedagogical Formation Students’ Pre-Professional Identification of Teaching and Attitude Toward Teaching Profession

Ayşe Ülkü KANEsra YEL — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to determine the relations between pedagogical formation students’ pre-professional identification of teaching and attitude toward teaching profession. The population of study in relational screening model consisted of pedagogical formation students enrolled at Fırat University. The sample consisted of 245 volunteer prospective teachers. The study data was collected through “Early Teacher Identity Measure” developed by Friesen and Besley (2013); adapted into Turkish by Arpacı and Bardakçı (2015), and “The validity and reliability study of attitudes towards teaching profession scale” developed by Kahramanoğlu, Yokuş, Cücük, Vural and Şiraz (2018). To analyze the data, computer aided statistical package was used. Accordingly, while a significant difference was concluded on behalf of female prospective teachers according to sex variable at the findings of the sub-dimension of counting themselves as teachers, it was not concluded according to their graduation status and ages, in prospective teachers’ identity of teaching. In attitudes toward teaching profession, a significant difference was concluded on behalf of female prospective teachers according to sex variable. A moderate, positive, significant relation was determined between prospective teachers’ early teacher identity and their attitudes toward teaching profession, as well.

The Relationship between Alexithymia and Internet Addiction in Adolescents

Mustafa ERCENGİZ — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between alexithymia and internet addiction in adolescents. The study was conducted on 294 adolescents. The Toronto Alexithymia Scale and Internet Addiction Scale were used as the data collection instruments. The relationship between alexithymia and internet addiction was investigated using correlation and regression analysis. As a result of the analysis, alexithymia was found to be positively associated with internet addiction. In addition, alexithymia positively predicts internet addiction. The findings of the study were discussed with regards to the relations with the literature and suggestions were made to the researcher and implementers.

An Investigation of Metaphorical Perceptions of Preservice Teachers towards Teaching Principles and Methods Course

Nurhak Cem DEDEBALİFevzi DURSUN — 2024-08-29

In this study, a qualitative research method was utilized to identify preservice teachers’ perceptions towards teaching principles and methods course via various metaphors. The study group of the research consisted of second grade preservice teachers attending classroom, computer and education technologies, early childhood, elementary mathematics and art teaching programs and successfully completing teaching principles and methods course in the spring term of the 2017-2018 academic year at the Education Faculty of Gazi Osman Pasa University. The preservice teachers were asked to complete the following sentence in the interview form: “Teaching principles and methods are like…, because…” For the analysis of the research data, content analysis was employed. According to the findings, the preservice teachers yielded 57 valid metaphors regarding the teaching principles and methods course. The major part of the metaphors are positive such as introduction to teaching profession , guide, water, starting point, life itself, light, jigsaw, whereas the study includes five negative metaphors as follows: milk, grocery store, free of charge, library, quilt, necessity.

EFL Needs Analysis of a State Primary School for Deaf Children: A Disadvantaged Group in the Turkish Education System

Ömer Gökhan ULUM — 2024-08-29

Needs analysis is the most fundamental step of preparing courses, materials, and curriculums, as well as being one of the cornerstones of foreign language education programs. It covers a number of sub-categories such as present situation analysis, target situation analysis, deficiency analysis, and strategy analysis. Here in our study we implemented a deficiency analysis which can be defined as the analysis of learners’ deficiencies or lacks. In order to have a deep understanding of the EFL needs of deaf children who do not have EFL courses in their school program, a needs analysis was conducted. Based upon a phenomenological research design, a semi-structured interview was administered to a class teacher, a parent, and an administrator at a state school for the deaf in Turkey. The findings of the study represented significant views related to the mentioned issue. Some implications were made accordingly.

Validity and Reliability Study of Marmara Learning Agility Scale

Mustafa ÖZGENELŞebnem YAZICI — 2024-08-29

The aim of the research is to develop a Likert type scale that can be used to determine the learning agility of individuals. The research was carried out according to the descriptive survey model, one of the quantitative research models. Teachers of the primary school, secondary school and high school education levels in Küçükçekmece district of Istanbul province during the 2018-2019 academic year participated in this study. In the first stage of the study, data were obtained from 690 teachers and the validity and reliability of the scale were tested. The outcome of the evaluation of this first stage through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) consists of 30 items and 5 subdimensions (i.e. People Agility, Results Agility, Mental Agility, Change Agility, Self-awareness).In the second stage, data were obtained from 444 teachers consist of the second sample group the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed and 5 sub-dimensional structures were confirmed and Cronbach Alpha reliability values of the scale after AFA and DFA were calculated as 0.938 and 0.936. The item-total correlation coefficients of the scale were between r=0.49 and r=0.69; The item-remaining correlation coefficients varied in the range from r=0.45 to r=0.65. The test-retest study was conducted with the data obtained from 79 teachers and it was determined that the test-retest correlation coefficients ranged varied between r=0.21 and r=0.64 values. Items analysis revealed that upper 27% group differs significantly from the lower 27% group (p<.01). As a result of the analyzes, it was found out that Marmara Learning Agility Scale (MLAS) is a valid and reliable scale.

Analysıs of Republıcan Perıod Hıgh School Englısh Lesson Currıcula

Yafes CANŞefik KARTAL — 2024-08-29

From the first years of the republic, an English lesson has always had an important place in high school curricula and it has taken place in all curricula since 1924. Especially in 1945 and afterward it has become more important and has maintained its significance so far. This study was carried out to analyse the changes in high school English lesson curricula historically. In this study, the document analysis method which is a qualitative research method was used and eleven high school curricula which were prepared between 1924 and 2011, were studied. The high school curricula and the announcement journals published by National Education Ministry were examined, the related resources were searched, and the data were collected to present the situation of English lesson curricula in the historical process. When generally examined, the first high school curriculum of our republican period was prepared in 1924 and it has been changed 10 times up to now. From 1924 to 1973, 7 high school curricula were prepared, and no changes were made in the English lesson curriculum except for the class hours. The first comprehensive high school English lesson curriculum was prepared in 1973. This curriculum was in use until 2011 and undergone very little change. In 2011, a comprehensive change has been made in the high school English lesson curriculum.

Contributions To Adıyaman Dialect Vocabulary: Curses

Burak TELLİSerdar YAVUZ — 2024-08-29

Curse is a compound name consisting of the bed meaning "bad" in Persian and prayer meaning "asking, asking" in Arabic. The curse, which has an important place in the vocabulary of Turkish, is the words that mean “bad wish” that the person who is exposed to evil, who cannot defend himself, is desperate to defend himself. The reasons for saying the curse are diverse; however, the common feature of all curse is that they appear as a result of negative emotions. They are meaningfully sincere and sincere statements because they appear as a result of a painful, hurtful situation. In this study, 111 curse compiled from Adıyaman city center were gathered and examined in terms of vocabulary. Adıyaman dialect is in the West group according to the classification of Anatolian dialects of Leyla Karahan. Adıyaman dialect, which has traces from the rich history and culture of Adıyaman, offers very original examples in terms of curse. Compiled curse samples are presented as a contribution to Adıyaman's dialect vocabulary.

East-West Conflıct from Orhan Pamuk’s Perspectıve

Özcan BAYRAKSedat EROL — 2024-08-29

East-West conflict has an important place within the theme world of Orhan Pamuk who considers conflicts/contradiction as the basis of novel. Pamuk grew up in Nişantaşı district in Istanbul in Turkey that is an important place where East and West culture coincide. Pamuk, who was raised in this environment, knew both cultures together. This separate two worlds, East and West cultures, took its place in Pamuk’s way of questioning. The purpose of this study is to determine and describe the reflection of East-West conflict, which has an important place in Orhan Pamuk’s theme world, on his works. The process of the research was conducted with document analysis which is one of the qualitative research methods, and descriptive-interpretive analysis was utilized in the analysis of the data obtained. As a result of the research it was determined that conflict factors handled upon different aspects are transferred in life as they are without corrupting their multi dimensional and complicated structure, they do not have a purpose of reaching a conclusion; and semantic processes such as questioning, interpreting and concluding were left to the reader.

The Major Pseudonyms Used in Simile For “Likened” (Arabic Poetry As An Example)

Muhammet Selim İPEK — 2024-08-29

This study examines the major pseudonyms used to express the adjectives in simile that are used more frequently in classical Arabic and to express in a way that attracts the hearts. For example, the person who distributes his wealth to everyone without distinction is symbolized by likened to the sea to express the degree of his kindness and generosity. Again, the person who finds the opportunity to perform great services to people with the work he does in his office is likened to the Sun or Moon to points to the glory of himself and his office. These and similar pseudonyms have been used frequently in classical Arabic poetry, and in terms of rhetoric, it has added a beauty to poetry. Classical Arabic poetry, which has a deep-rooted history, has been the subject of research in many aspects as a literary genre in which the imagination and meaning power is manifested effectively and has gained appreciation of those interested in literature in terms of form and content. The couplets discussed in this study are also important in terms of understanding the harmony that the pseudonyms add to poetry by using simile, one of the literary arts.

Vocabulary of Kumuk Turkish in Turkish Dialects Dictionary

Türker Barış BULDUK — 2024-08-29

Although the Caucasus is a region with difficult geographical conditions for human life, use it on the migration routes from east to west, from north to south. Kumuk Turks are one of the ethnic elements living in this geography. Turkish communities living in the Caucasus for centuries had to take shelter in the Ottoman Empire as a result of the Russians getting stronger and expanding since the 17th century. Kumuk Turks had to come to Anatolia by leaving their homeland especially in the second period of the 19th century and early 20th century. It is possible to find the data of the languages of Kumuk Turks who settled in Anatolia in the Turkish Dialects Dictionary. Turkish Dialects Dictionary is a dictionary, Turkey is the most comprehensive study of the Turkish dialects. In this article, the vocabulary belonging to Kumuk Turkish in the dictionary in question will be examined within the framework of vowels and consonant changes.

Within The Context of Fiction-Nonfiction: Death in Baghdad or The Life and Death of al-Hallaj

Vedat KURUKAFA — 2024-08-29

Fictional texts are not exactly a reflection of real life. Its are the new whole formed by combining some pieces taken from real life. Historical novels are literary genres that contain the common elements of truth and fiction more intensely than other genres. Hallac-ı Mansur has a very important place in Turkish culture, Sufism and religious life as a source of value and inspiration with his life story and ideas. In this study, where the document analysis method was used, Lerch's (2000) Death in Baghdad: Hallac-ı Mansur was analyzed in the context of a fictional text-truth. Uncovering the truth in the literary text will provide important clues in the determination of the author-text link in the analysis of literary works. In this case, the issues of literary text-truth should be clarified. In the work formed by two intertwined main plots, while the frame plot formed the disappearance of the orientalist professor, one of the novel heroes, and the experiences of the journalist looking for him; The core plot is the professor's diary. The transition from the frame plot to the core plot - what is being told daily - has a fantastic-science fiction feature. The life of Hallac-ı Mansur is conveyed by the flashback in the diary. In the context of fictional text-truth, it was adhered to the real life of Hallac-ı Mansur. It is important for our literary history that a tragic hero who chooses to die for the sake of the values he believes in is chosen as the subject of the novel.

“Çın” Word And Derivatives In Hıstorical Turkic Languages

Yılmaz AKDEMİR — 2024-08-29

This study is based on the word çın ve and its derivatives which are witnessed in Old Uighur Turkish texts. In this study, the examples identified through historical texts were discussed and it was seen that the word çın was transferred from Chinese to Turkish by bilingual monks during the Old Uighur Turkish period and later settled as a hendiadyoins. This term, which has the same frequency of usage in Islamic texts as in Buddhist texts, has been used with various witnesses as name and verb with the changes in the historical process and the derivation power of Turkic language. An attempt to translate the concepts of Buddhism and Islam into “foreign element + Turkish elements” through the hendiadyoins which we see as one of the methods of making terminology related to the religious terminology of Turkish, shows that there is a language policy in terms of religious terms. In this respect, the value expressed by the word is tried to be determined on the basis of the existing language policy.

The Quotations From The Verses İn Yetimü’ş-Şüruh

Fatih ATABEK — 2024-08-29

The meaning of the quotation in literature is “taking, transfering a word, a sentence or their meaning directly,”, is also used to benefit from the someone’s knowledge as well. At this point, as Allah or Hz. Muhammad is refered, in terms of credibility, quotation becomes a means of evidence to prove what is said. In our literature, quoting from the verses is often used in poetry. However, in our literature, prose writings have also been quoted from verses. Particularly quoting from the verses in the text can increase the validity of that text even more. For this reason, Turkish literature has been quoted abundantly in the texts. According to the sources, in general, it is appropriate to quote of the Qur'an in sermon, address, etc.; to quote the Qur'an in ghazal, risale and parables is allowable; to quote the Qur'an in non-solemn poems, obscene verses, etc. is not appropriate. On the other hand, when the quotas are classified, they are classified according to whether they are in conformity with the Sharia and the Islamic manners, taking all or part of the quoted verse and giving the meaning of the relevant verse or giving the relevant verse in Arabic. In this article it is tried to show how verse is used in commentary, it has been tried to show how the verses are used in the commentary in the doctorate thesis titled “Talibi Hasan Dede Yetimü’ş-Şüruh (Analysis-Text-Glossary)” which is the commentary of the third volume of Mevlana’s Mesnevi. Firstly, the meaning and function of the word “quotation” has been emphasized, and then various sources have been used to classify quotation. While making these classifications, examples has been given to show the class of the quotas which were made from verses in Yetimü’ş-Şüruh. In the next stage, the verses quoted in the couplet in Yetimü’ş-Şüruh have been identified and shown how these verses were used in the commentary. Finally, we have an evaluation on quotation from the verses in Yetimü’ş-Şüruh.

Investıgatıon of Peer Relatıonshıps and Peer Vıctımızatıon of Indıvıduals Who Do Sports

Fatih Mehmet UĞURLUYakup KILIÇ, Eyyup YILDIRIM — 2024-08-29

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the peer relationships and peer victimization of individuals who do sports. The population of the study consisted of individuals who do sports in Fırat University while the sample of the study consisted of 200 individuals who were randomly chosen. In our study, the Peer Relationship Scale, which was developed by Bukowski, Hoza and Boivin and adapted to Turkish by Atik, Doğan et al. and the Bully/Victim Scale, which was developed by Olweus and adapted to Turkish by Dölek, were used to conduct the investigation of peer relationships and peer victimization of individuals who do sports. For the statistical analysis in the study, because the distribution was normal, frequency calculation, percentage calculation, t-test for two-group comparisons and ANOVA test for multiple-group comparisons were conducted. The participants in the study included 51.0% of males and 63.5% of 18-22 years old individuals. It was also determined that 48.0% of them lived in cities while 89.0% of them had education at the undergraduate level. In the evaluation of the monthly income levels of the participants, it was determined that 55.0% of them had income levels that were less than 1.000 TL (Turkish Liras). As a conclusion of the investigation of peer relationships and peer victimization tendencies of individuals who do sports, it was observed that males were more dominant in peer relationships, negative reflection, lack of emotional sharing and victimization tendencies while it was determined that the 18-22 years old group adopted more compared to those in the 28-32 years old group. No significant difference was observed in the variables of the place of residence, education or monthly income level.

The Relatıonshıp Between Happıness Levels Of Physıcal Educatıon Course And Lıfe Satısfactıon Of Secondary School Students: A Structural Equalıty Model

Sinan UĞRAŞMehmet GÜLLÜ — 2024-08-29

In this study, it is aimed to investigate the relationship between happiness levels and life satisfaction of secondary school students. The study group consisted of 614 students (53.1% (n = 326) male and 46.9% (n = 288) female students. Data collection tools were developed by Gaderman, Reichl and Zumbo (2009), Altay and Ekşi (2018) adapted the Turkish culture to the “Life Satisfaction for Children Scale” and Happiness Level Scale for Physical Education Lessons” developed by Uğraş and Serbes (2019). Relational screening method was used in the research. Structural equation modeling was used in the analysis of the research data. It was found that the variance rate in which the happiness level of physical education lesson explained life satisfaction was 45% R2 = .45, p = .000). According to the model, life satisfaction increases as the happiness level of physical education lesson increases in secondary school students. It has been concluded that happiness level of physical education course is a strong predictor of life satisfaction of students. It may be recommended to increase the number of hours per week of physical education.

Ice Hockey In The Historical Process

Talha MURATHANMurat AYGÜN — 2024-08-29

The ever-changing and evolving sport has changed its nature of being universal through technological developments, the advancement of science and the increasing interest in sports. Like other sports, ice hockey has been affected by this process. The main sources of this change process are the concepts like athletes’ health, increasing the audience, and marketing. Ice hockey, which emerged at the beginning of the 19th century, has spread its universality to the world with the participation of many countries. As ice hockey is an Olympic branch at the level of World Championships and Winter Olympics at the international level, it has more numbers of players and audience in many countries than other sports branches. The aim of this study is to examine the historical process of ice hockey in the international area. In the research, the data were obtained through the general screening and documentation method which is among qualitative approaches. Ice hockey has been described as one of the fastest and hardest team sports in the world and it has been specified as a sport which aims to finalize the game through having a technical and tactical advantage by 5 players and 1 goalkeeper on the ice through scoring a goal with puck, the game ball. While there are not many scientific studies in our country, many aspects of the branch have been scrutinized in the international field. As a result, athlete materials, facility infrastructure information, and organization processes were evaluated during the historical process. It has been revealed that ice hockey has been supported by national and international organizations, there has been an increasing interest from all age groups to the branch, and that it has been spreading throughout the world.

Financial Literacy among University Students: “Case of Kırklareli University”

Berna AK BİNGÜLArmağan TÜRK ,Rengin AK — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to determine the financial literacy levels of the students studying at Kırklareli University. In this context, the data obtained from the survey conducted on 558 students were analyzed using SPSS program in order to determine the financial literacy levels of the students. First, the reliability of the questionnaires was tested with Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. Then Pearson chi-squire test analysis was performed to determine whether demographic characteristics differed. According to the results of the analysis, there is a significant relationship between students’ major and financial literacy while their age, gender, grade, educational background, educational status of their parents and the place they live do not have a decisive effect on financial literacy. As a result, it is concluded that they are not financial literate enough although students have knowledge about some basic financial issues.

The Impact of Inflatıon, External Debt, Turkey's 2007-2017 Perıod

Şahin ÇETİNKAYARaziye BARTAL — 2024-08-29

It is necessary for the development of developing countries investments not having adequate levels of savings is limited. When you create a source of savings planned investment investment investment and imports of raw materials increased and income level of the goods with their demand for foreign consumer goods. To resolve the increasing demand for imported foreign exchange into the country, raising exports allow or external borrowing needs to go. External borrowing, lack both the savings necessary for development both in removing imports itself. External borrowing and inflation is one of the major problems in the country's economy. Off the record is more than the economy, the cyclical fluctuations occur, the budget is always open, become fungible debt you owe, in private and public spending, waste and natural disasters increased external borrowing and the country's economy, influenced by the negative. In this study, we examined the relationship of inflation data in line with borrowing.

Future Prospects In Current Art And Technology Relationship

Abdül TEKİN — 2024-08-29

The relationship between art and technology is an issue as old as human history. In this process leading up to the first intervention of humanity into their living spaces with art, there is basically the influence of technology in the context of its application. From a historical point of view, although it is not mentioned for a long time, it is obvious that only innovations implemented with the advancement of technology are closely related to artistic progress. In this context, the most important transformations between art and technology have been the Industrial Revolution and its aftermath. With the effect of innovations that increased the speed of progress made after the Industrial Revolution, humanity moved away from nature and turned to technology and its offerings. For a long time, the reaction of art, which emulates nature and identifies it with mimicry, has been through the aestheticization of industrial products. After this transformation, it is observed that knowledge gained importance as well as industrial product. This type of information is recorded as information that gains meaning with technology. A shift towards this aspect of knowledge has also been observed in art. It is seen that these developments, which have gained importance today, are useful in overcoming human deficiencies in terms of the course of the future. Artificial intelligence and bio-technological studies make these goals more visible. It is observed that collective and multidisciplinary production becomes even more important if the possibilities and characteristics of technology are evaluated in the current art works produced today. Today, it is observed that technology takes on important functions from the performance of art to its expansion, from its announcement to education. Art is more effective at predicting the future, with its paucity of commitment to practical utility as opposed to technology